USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 41
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Hookstown, a small village and p-t. centrally situated in Greene t-ship, Beaver co. upon a branch of Mill er. about 13 ms. S. W. of Beaver bor. 258 N. W. from W. C. and 241 from Harrisburg, contains 40 dwellings, 2 stores and 2 taverns.
Hoosack's creek, a tributary of Spring brook, which rises and has a course of about 4 ms. in Covington t-ship, Lu- zerne co.
Hopbottom creek, Susquehannah co. rises in Bridgewater t-ship, and flows S. E. into Martin's creek, Lennox t- ship. It is a mill stream but not nav- igable.
Hopewell, t-ship, York co. bounded N. by York and Windsor t.ships, E. by Chanceford and Fawn t-ships, S. by the state of Maryland, and W. by Shrewsbury t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from the borough of York 14 ms. greatest length 10, breadth 8} miles; area 34,560 acres ; surface, undulat- ing ; soil, loam of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1941; taxables 370 ; taxable property in 1829, real estate $255,400
Hopewell, t-ship Cumberland co. bounded N. by Franklin and Perry counties, E. by Mifflin and Newton t- ships, S. by Southampton t-ship, and W. by Franklin co. Centrally dis- tant W. from Carlisle about 21 miles ; greatest length 71, breadth 4 miles ; area 14,080 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, slate. Pop. in 1830, 952; taxables 152.
Hopewell, t-ship, Bedford co. bound- ed N. E. by Huntingdon co. E. by Dublin t-ship, S. by Providence, and W. by Coleraine and Woodberry t- ships. Centrally distant N. E. from Bedford borough 15 miles; greatest length 19, breadth 14 miles; area 75, 520 acres; surface mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 1634; taxables 135. It is drained chiefly by the Raystown branch of the Juniata, which receives from the t-sluip Well's creek, flowing through Well's valley, Riper's run, Yellow creek, Six Mile creek, and some smaller streams. Bituminous coal and iron are found in almost eve- ry part of the t-ship. Stonerstown, a p-t. lies on the river near the N. E. boundary 19 miles N. E. of the town of Bedford. Another p-o. in the t- ship, is called " Hopewell."
Hopewell, t-ship, Washington co. bounded N. by Cross creek and Mount Pleasant t-ships, E. by Canton, S. by Buffalo and Donegal t-ships, and W. by Virginia. Centrally distant N. W. from Washington borough 12 miles ; greatest length 10, breadth 7 miles ; area 27,520 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1897 ; taxables 431. Buffalo creek and Brushy run follow the S., and Cross creek the N. boundary. The post town of West Middleton is on the road leading from Washington to Wellsburg, 11 miles N. W. of the former.
Hopewell, t-ship, Beaver co. bound-
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ed N. by Moon t-ship, E. by Ohio r., S. by Allegheny co. and W. by Han- over t-ship. Centrally distant S. from Beaver borough, 10 miles ; greatest length 8, breadth 6 miles; area 22,400 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1492 ; taxables 272. =
is drained by Raccoon creek, which flows N. into the Ohio river.
Hopewell, t-ship. Huntingdon co. bounded N. E. by Porter t-ship, S. E. by Union t-ship, S. W. by Bedford co. and N. W. by Woodberry t-ship. Cen- trally distant from Huntingdon bor- ough S. W. 13 miles ; greatest length 17, breadth 8 miles; area, 47,360 acres; surface, mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, limestone. Pop. in 1830, about 1150 ; taxables, 220. In 1828 there were in the t-ship, 4 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 7 distilleries, 2 oil mills and 1 hemp mill.
Hopewell cotton works, p-o. Chest- er co. 94 miles N. of W. C. and 68 from Harrisburg.
Horman's creek, Washington co. rises in Smith t-ship, and flows between Hanover and Cross Creek t-ship, S.W. and N. W. to the Ohio river ; by a course of about 12 miles.
Horntown, a small hamlet of Darby t-ship, Delaware co. 8 miles S. of Phila. and about the same distance from Chester, contains 4 or 5 dwel- lings.
Horreltown, Union t-ship, Mifflin co. lies in the Kishicoquillas valley, con- tains 25 or 30 houses, 2 taverns and 2 stores.
Horsham, t-ship, Montgomery co. bounded N. E. by Bucks co. S. E. by Moreland t-ship, S. W. by Upper Dublin and Gwynedd, and N. W. by Montgomery t-ships. Greatest length 6, breadth 3 miles ; area 11,040 acres ; Central distance N. of Phila. 20 miles, from Norristown 11 ms. It is water- ed by the W. branch of the Neshaminy and by the Pennypack creeks. Hors- ham Quaker meeting house lies in its S. E. angle, and the post town of Horsham square about the centre of the t-ship. Soveral excellent roads pass through it. Its surface is level ;
soil, chiefly limestone. Pop. chiefly Quakers, in 1830, 1086; taxables in 1828, 267.
Horsham square, p-t. and village of Horsham t-ship, Montgomery co. about 20 miles N. of Phila. 14 from Norris- town. It contains 4 dwellings, 1 store, a Quaker meeting house and a li- brary.
Horse valley, Franklin co. in the North, or Blue mountain, extending N. E. from St. Thomas into Letter- kenny t-ship.
Horse valley, Toboyne t-ship, Per- ry co. between the Tuscarora mtn. and the Conecocheague ridge.
Houghville, a small, but pleasant vil- lage of Doylestown t-ship, Bucks co. about a mile S. of the town of Doyles- town, contains some 6 or 8 dwel- lings, a store, a tavern and a grist mill.
Howardsville, p-t. Wilkins t-ship, Allegheny co. on the turnpike road leading from Greensburg to Pittsburg, 10 miles S. E. from the latter.
Howard, t-ship, Centre co. bound- ed N. E. by Bald Eagle t-ship, S. E. by the Muncy hills, which separate it from Walker t-ship, S. W. by Bogg t- ship, and N. W. by the west branch of the Susquehannah river. Centrally distant N. W. from Bellefonte 14 ms. ; greatest length 21, breadth 10 miles; area 78,720 acres ; surface mountain- ous; soil, in the valleys, limestone. Pop. in 1830 1291; taxables 237. The main ridge of the Allegheny intn. runs through the t-ship, E. of which and between it and Muncy hills, is Bald Eagle valley, drained by Bald Eagle creek, which receives Marsh and Beach creeks, from the mountain on the west. The post office of the t- ship, is 202 miles from W. C. and 95 from Harrisburg.
Howertown, a village in Allen t-ship, Northampton co. on the road from Bethlehem to Mauch Chunk. Con- tains 5 houses, 1 tavern.
Hublersville, Walker t-ship, Cen- tre co. a small village of some half dozen houses, on the road leading from Bellefonte to New Providence, 8 miles JE. of the former.
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Huckleberry, village of Unity t-ship, Westmoreland co. on the turnpike road from Bedford to Greensburg, 6 miles E. of the latter, contains 6 or 7 dwellings, and 1 tavern.
Hughesville, p-t. Muncy Creek t-ship, Lycoming co. upon Little Muncy cr. about 14 or 15 miles E. of Williams- port, 5 miles N. E. of Muncy bor. 196 from W. C. and 85 from Harris- burg, contains about 30 dwellings, 2 taverns, 1 store and 2 mills. This town is fast rising into importance, and its trade rapidly increasing.
Hulingsburg, post-town, Clarion t-ship, Armstrong co. upon the N. bank of Piney creek, a tributary of Clarion river, 25 miles N. E. of Kit- tanning borough, 242 from W. C. and 185 from Harrisburg, contains some four or five dwellings, store and tav- ern.
Hulmeville, formerly called Milford, a post-town and village, Middletown t-ship, Bucks co. on the Neshaminy creek, and at the intersection of the Attleborough and Falsington roads. It is a pleasant town of 30 or 40 dwellings, a grist mill, saw mill, and woollen factory, extensively conduct- ed. There are 2 stores and a tavern. The Farmer's Bank of Bucks co. was formerly located here, but is now re- moved to Bristol. The town is named after the late Mr. John Hulme, a mem- ber of the society of Friends, its founder. The country around it is fertile, and well cultivated. It is 20 miles N. E. of Philadelphia, and 16 miles S. E. of Doylestown, 161 miles from W. C. 123 from Harrisburg.
Hummelstown, post-town of Derry t-ship, Dauphin co. 9 miles E. of Har- risburg, 119 N. of W. C. on the turnpike road leading to Reading, seated in a fertile limestone region, surrounded by a wealthy and indus- trious German population. It contains about 150 dwellings, a Lutheran church, 4 stores, and 5 taverns.
Humphreysville, post-town, Chester co. 108 miles N. of W. C. and 65 S. E. from Harrisburg.
Hunterstown, post-town of Strabane
t-ship, Adams co. centrally situate in the t-ship, on the road from Gettys- burg to Berlin, 6 miles from the for- mer, contains 20 dwellings, 2 stores and 2 taverns, and has a Lutheran church near it.
Huntsville, p-o. Luzerne co. 220 miles N. W. from W. C. and 110 from Harrisburg.
Huntingdon, t-ship, Luzerne co. bounded N. E. by Union and Salem, S. E. by Salem t-ships, S. W. and W. by Columbia co. and N. W. by Ly- coming co. It is a populous and thri- ving t-ship. It has 3 post-offices, and contains 1572 inhabitants by the cen- sus of 1830, and by the returns of 1828, 260 taxables. The Susquehan- nah and Tioga turnpike road passes longitudinally through the t-ship. The village of New Columbus is situated on this road near the W. line of the t-ship. North mountain, a western continuation of Bowman's range, pass- es through its northern part, and Knob mountain forms the southern boundary. The immediate surface is rolling and adapted to agriculture.
Huntingdon creek, is formed by the union of some half dozen streams which flow from Bowman's mountains, Luzerne county, into Huntingdon t-ship. Their united volume turns westerly, and joins Fishing creek in Sugarloaf t-ship, Columbia co. receiv- ing before quitting Huntingdon the wa- ters of Green creek. It drives seve- ral mills in the latter t-ship.
Huntingdon, post-town and village, Moreland t-ship, Montgomery co. on the road by the Fox chase to South- ampton, in Bucks co. 14 miles N. of Philadelphia, and 15 miles E. of Nor- ristown.
Huntingdon, t-ship, Adams county, bounded N. by Cumberland co. E. by Latimore t-ship, S. E. by Reading, S. and W. by Tyrone. Centrally distant N. E. of Gettysburg 12 miles ; great- est length 8, breadth 31 miles ; area, 17,280 acres; surface rolling; soil, limestone and gravel. Population in 1830, 1284 ; taxables, 264. Bermu- dian creek forms part of the W. boun-
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dary, and crosses the t-ship eastward- ly. The post-town of Petersburg is situated on the turnpike road from Car- lisle to Hanover, which separates this from Latimore t-ship. The small vil- lage of Middleton lies in the N. W. angle of the t-ship. There are two churches on the W. boundary, about 5 miles distant from each other.
Huntingdon, p-t. borough, and st. of just. of Huntingdon co. on the W. side of the Frankstown branch of the Juniata, 45 ms. N. E. from Bedford, and 90 miles W. from Harrisburg, contains about 200 dwellings, a brick court house, a new stone jail, Catlı- olic, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Meth- odist and Seceder churches, an acade- my, 3 printing offices, each printing a weekly journal, viz : the Republican Advocate, The Huntington Gazette, and the Huntingdon Courier; 16 stores, 12 taverns, 4 blacksmith's shops, 2 tanneries, 1 grist and 1 saw mill, 2 distilleries and 1 apothecary. A turn- pike road and state canal pass through the town. An academy was incorpo- rated here by act 19th March, 1816. The town is a place of considerable and growing business, and the advan- tages of communication it possesses with the E. and W. parts of the state, by means of the canal, must add great- ly and rapidly to its prosperity.
Huntingdon, North, t-ship, of West- moreland co. bounded N. by Franklin t-ship, E. by Hempfield, S. by Big Se- wickly creek which separates it from S. Huntingdon, S. W. by the Youghi- ogheny r. and W. by Allegheny co. Centrally distant W. from Greensburg 11 miles ; greatest length 11, breadth 8 miles ; area, 40,320 acres ; surfaçe hilly ; soil, loam and limestone. Pop. in 1830, 3170. The streams of the t-ship are Brush creek which flows N. W. to Turtle creek, Long run, Little and Big Sewickly creeks, tributaries of the Youghiogheny river. The turn- pike road from Greensburg to Pitts- burg runs N. W. through the t-ship, upon which lies the post-town of Stew- artsville, in the N. W. angle of the t-ship.
Huntingdon, South, t-ship of West- moreland co. bounded N. by Big Se- wickly creek, E. by E. Huntingdon, S. by Jacob's creek and W. by the Youghiogheny river. Centrally dis- tant from Greensburg 12 ms. ; great- est length 12, breadth 8 miles; area, 23,680 acres; surface hilly ; soil, loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 2294; taxables 385. The turnpike road from Somerset to Washington, runs N. W. through the t-ship. Upon which and on the bank of the Youghi- ogheny river is the post-town of Robs- town. The post-town of Port Royal lies also on that river, about 5 miles above Robstown. A ferry crosses the river about midway between the towns. The proposed route of the Ohio and Potomac canal is along the E. bank of the river in this t-ship.
Huntingdon, East, t-ship of West- moreland co. bounded N. by Hemp- field t-ship, E. by Mount Pleasant t-ship, S. by Jacob's creek, and W. by South Huntingdon t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. from Greensburg 10 miles; greatest length 8, breadth 6 miles ; area, 23,640 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, limestone, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1516; taxables, 299. The turnpike road from Somerset to Wash- ington runs W. through the t-ship. The post-town of Mount Pleasant lies on the E. boundary.
Huntingdon county, was taken from Bedford co. by act 20th Sept. 1787. By the act of 26th March, 1804, part of Huntingdon county was taken to form a part of Cambria. It is bound- ed S. W. by Bedford co. N. W. by Cambria, N. by Centre, E. by Mifflin and Juniata, and S. E. by Franklin. Length 48 miles, mean breadth 30; area, 1185 sq. ms. or 758,400 acres, of which more than 200,000 acres are first rate land, about 550,000 are well settled and improved, and the remain- der is mountainous and covered with timber. Central lat. 40° 31' N. long. from W. C. 1º 12' W.
Huntingdon county is wholly with- in the transition region of the state, and in one of the most mountainous
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parts. The soil partakes of all the « fragments, of great specific gravity, shades of quality, from the prolific limestone, to the barren decomposition of the conglomerate. The most im-
portant minerals yet discovered are iron, lead, bituminous coal, salt and alum. Iron is abundantly found every
where through the county. The Muncy ridge, a dry barren chain of hills of several miles in breadth, but of inconsiderable elevation, which commences in the N. W. part of Bed- ford county, and runs parallel with the Allegheny mountain through Hunting- don and Centre counties, is the great depository of this valuable material in that part of the country, from whence nearly all the furnaces are supplied. The ore is rich and abundant, and may be procured in almost any part of these barrens. There are many kinds, the best of which is the "pipe ore," commonly lying deep, and fre- quently under a stratum of limestone. " Rock ore" when free from sand is much esteemed ; and the " needle ore" though not highly valued, is a singu- lar production of nature, assuming the most fanciful shapes. Many pieces have the finest possible polish, and a jet black color, and when broken, ap- pear to have been composed of innu- merable needles, all lying in the same direction, the points extremely sharp and the butts blunt, they having form- ed the polished surface of the lump ; when the lumps are broken, the nee- dles may be easily separated with the finger. The lumps are integral and unconnected with each other, and the polish of their surface and the arrange- ment of their particles, is among the mysteries of nature.
and the veins by an inclined dip reach a considerable depth. " Nest ore" another variety somewhat similar to " top ore," is also commonly found near the surface. It is thus called, because it lays in nests or bunches, imbedded in clay. These nests are of every size, from a few inches in cir- cuit, to masses of hundreds of tons. " Rock ore," so denominated from be- ing in solid blocks, frequently requir- ing the aid of gunpowder to break them, is found generally at greater depth. In fact there is no depth yet explored, in the section of which we speak, at which it has not been found. It is more abundant than any other, is of excellent quality, though sometimes difficult and dangerous to raise. It is generally black, though sometimes of a chocolate color. The pipe ore, how- ever, is considered the best. It gen- erally lies deep, and is readily met with in large quantities. Its fanciful forms all indicate it to be a deposite. It resembles icicles more than any thing esle ; long spears hanging from the larger masses, sometimes so small, that they may be broken off with the fingers.
Coal is most commonly found in the S. W. part of the county ; salt in the northern ; lead, centrally and particularly in Tyrone t-ship ; marble of various colors and qualities in seve- ral t-ships. Several curious caves have been discovered in the limestone sections of the county, in which are stalactites and other petrifactions. One of the most singular of these cav- erns is in Sinking valley, Tyrone t-ship, for a description of which, see article " Sinking valley." There are many mineral springs throughout the county, of great efficacy in certain diseases.
Ore in this region is found in almost every possible situation, as well as in great variety of kinds. It is some- times scattered on the surface in large quantities, where frequently none can The county is abundantly watered by the Juniata river, and the streams which discharge themselves into the Frankstown and Raystown branches, and into the Little Juniata, Aughwick be found below it. Sometimes imme- diately beneath the soil it is discovered in abundance, and of good quality. The miners term this species " top ore." It is generally in small black and Tuscarora creeks. The Franks-
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town branch rises in the Allegheny mountain and flows through the centre of the county, from west to east. The Raystown branch, after passing thro' a part of Bedford county, runs N. E. uniting with the first about 4 miles be- low the borough of Huntingdon, where the river is about 120 yards broad, and properly assumes the name of Ju- niata. Aughwick creek, receiving many tributary streams, flows also N. E. to the river, 16 miles below the bo- rough. The Little Juniata, with its volume increased by the Little Bald Eagle and Spruce creeks, passing from N. W. to S. E. blends with the Franks- town branch, about 7 miles from Hunt- ingdon. The state canal enters the county above Aughwiek falls, and fol- lows the windings of the river, for about 50 miles, to Hollidaysburg, where it terminates in a capacious ba- sin ; from which the rail-road across the Allegheny mountain commences.
The county is divided into 19 t-ships, and contains a number of flourishing towns and villages, among which are Huntingdon, Alexandria, Williams- burg, Shirleysburg, Petersburg, Frankstown, Hollidaysburg, Newry, Birmingham, McConnelsburg, and Smithfield, &c. &c.
The northern turnpike road to Pitts- burg enters the county through Jack's mountain, and keeping the direction of the river, but not following its val- ley, passes through Huntingdon bor- ough, and the towns of Petersburg, Alexandria, Frankstown, and Holli- daysburg.
The trade of the county, formerly by the Juniata river, and now by the river and canal, is very considerable, in iron, grain, flour, whiskey and lum- ber. The markets at Harrisburg, Middletown, York-Haven, Marietta and Columbia, intervening depots between the Juniata, and Philadelphia and Bal- timore, afford great facilities to the western trader, and the canals and rail-roads now being made, will give new stimulus to the industry of the farmer, manufacturer and merchant. 'The first will find a ready sale at his
own door, for his produce, and articles hitherto deemed of little value for ex- port, such as butter, eggs, beef, pork, poultry, hops, fruit, and cider, which will have a comparative value with his wheat, flour, neat cattle, and swine. The iron manufactures, however, have given to him of late an excellent home market, where most articles of produce bear nearly as great a price as at Phi- ladelphia, whilst the iron which the farmer bought in 1815, at $140 per ton at the works, is now sold at 85 to 90, and is of far better quality than was formerly made.
There are in the county eight furna- ces, viz. Huntingdon furnace, belong- ing to Messrs. Gloninger, Anshultz & Co., in Warrior's Mark township, manufactures about 1500 tons of pigs per annum ; Pennsylvania furnace, owned by Messrs. Stewart and Lyon, 20 miles N. of Huntingdon, near the Centre county line, makes 1500 tons pigs, and 50 tons castings ; Springfield furnace, pertaining to D. & S. Roger, in Morrison's cove, produces 1400 tons pig metal ; and Rebecca furnace, also in the same cove, the property of Pe- ter Shænberger, makes 1200 tons ; Etna furnace, belonging to Henry S. Spang, situated 14 miles from Hunting- don, west, in Cause valley, yields 1600 tons of pigs ; Union furnace, now own- ed by the Huntingdon Bank ; and Bald Eagle furnace, also the property of Messrs. Gloninger, Anshultz & Co. These furnaces altogether make about 8000 tons of iron annually, which are sent to the castern and western mar- kets. There are 11 forges, belonging chiefly to the owners of the furnaces, which make about 3000 tons of bar iron annually. The Tyrone forges, No. 1 and 2, with a rolling and slitting mill and nail factory, belonging to Messrs. Gloninger, Anshultz & Co., form a very extensive establishment. 'The mill rolls about 150 tons, 75 of which are cut into nails, at the works, 50 tons are slit into rods, and sent to the west, and about 25 tons are sold in the adjoining counties.
The hands employed at these works
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and their dependents, consume annu- ally 101,852 bushels of wheat, 182,742 bushels of corn and rye, 36,141 bush. oats, 32,240 bush. potatoes, 2,745 tons hay, 781,000 pounds of pork and 396, 750 lbs. of beef; the quantity of whis- key not estimated. There are ex- ported about 20,000 bbls. flour, and 4000 bbls. distilled spirits ; formerly considerable quantities of lumber were sent to the Susquehannah, but this branch of trade has ceased to be pro- fitable.
There are in the whole county, 62 grist mills ; 84 distilleries ; 24 tan yards ; 8 furnaces ; 10 forges ; 1 pa- per mill ; 1 mill for cleaning clover seed ; 120 saw mills ; 11 fulling mills ; 5 oil mills ; 3 powder mills ; 5 card- ing machines for wool ; 2 breweries ; 1 hemp mill ; 1 slitting and rolling mill, and one hemp factory.
There are in the county 23 churches, of the several religious denominations, of which the Presbyterians have the greatest number. The inhabitants are morally and religiously disposed, have established a Bible and tract societies, and instituted Sunday schools where they could be conveniently established. Schools for teaching the rudiments of an English education are established throughout the county, especially in the towns and villages ; and there is an academy at the borough of Hunt- ingdon, which was incorporated by an act of 19th of March, 1816, granting a donation to the institution of $2000. " A public school of the county of Huntingdon," located in the borough, was incorporated by an act of 19th of Feb. 1790 ; the second section of which speaks of " lands therein grant- ed," but no grant whatever is made, either in the printed statute or in the original act, in the office of the secre- tary of the commonwealth. The Huntingdon bank, in the town of Huntingdon, incorporated in 1814, is in operation, we believe, for winding up its affairs, only.
There are 3 newspapers published weekly in the borough of Huntingdon, viz. the Republican Advocate, Hunt- ingdon Gazette, and Huntingdon Cou- rier.
Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Cambria counties, form the 17th senatorial dis- trict, and send one member to the senate, and Huntingdon alone sends two members to the house of repre- sentatives. Huntingdon, Mifflin, Cen- tre and Clearfield, make the 12th con- gressional district, sending one mem- ber to the house of representatives. Huntingdon, Mifflin and Centre coun- ties constitute the 4th judicial district. Thomas Burnside, Esq. president. The courts are holden at Huntingdon borough on the 2d Mondays of Janua- ry, April, August and November.
The population of the county, com- posed in a great measure of the des- cendants of Irish and German emi- grants, was in 1790, 7562 ; in 1800, 13,008 ; in 1810, 14,778 ; in 1820, 20,142, and in 1830, 27,159, of whom 14,404 were white males ; 12,429 white females ; 180 free black males ; 134 free black females, 5 male and 7 female slaves, four of the latter being above 100 years old. There were 1169 aliens, 21 deaf and dumb, and 5 blind.
The value of taxable property, by assessment of 1829, was, real estate, $3,273,396 ; personal, $225,219 ; a- mount of tax raised, $7000. The market price of improved lands in limestone valleys, is about $30 the acre, unimproved about $6 the acre.
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