USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 59
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Nolandsville, village, of Franklin t-ship, Westmoreland co., 10 ms. N. W. of Greensburg ; contains 12 houses, tavern and store.
Norriton, t-ship, Montgomery co., bounded N. by Worcester t-ship, N. E. by Whitpaine, S. E. by Plymouth, S. by the r. Schuylkill, and W. by Lower Providence t-ships. Greatest length 7 ms., greatest breadth 41 ; area, 8960 acres. The manor which included this t-ship, was sold in 1704 by Wm. Penn the younger, to Wm. Trent, the founder of Trenton, and Isaac Norris, from whom the t-ship has
its name, for £850. It is drained by 3 small streams which flow into the Schuylkill. The ridge, and the Ger- mantown and Perkiomen t-pike roads, run nearly parallel with each other through the t-ship. Norristown, a borough, post and county town, is beautifully seated on the r. Schuylkill, and distinguished for its manufactures, the water power for which is derived from the dam made here by the Schuylkill navigation company. (See Norristown.) Surface of the country is level; soil, red shale, fertile and well cultivated. Pop., independent of the borough, in 1830, 1139; taxables in 1828, 245.
Norristown, p-t. and borough, Nor- riton t-ship, and seat of justice of Montgomery co., situated on the river Schuylkill and on the ridge t-pike road, 16 miles N. W. of the city of Phila- delphia, 166 from W. C., and 80 S. E. from Harrisburg. It has its name from Isaac Norris, a distinguished friend of Wm. Penn, and an early settler and popular statesman and judge of the province, and joint owner with Wm. Trent, of the township of Norriton. It was incorporated into a borough by act 31st March, 1812, and has a burgess, town council, and high constable elected annually. Its area is about I sq. mile ; within which there are now (May, 1832) 1300 in- habitants. In 1830, there were by the census 1116. The public build- ings here, consist of a court house 70 by 40 ft. two stories high, with a cu- pola and bell ; a house for the county offices, 50 by 36 ft. ; a jail, whose S. front is 100 ft. by 36, W. front 100 ft. by 50, all of stone, 2 stories high and rough cast. An academy 40 by 30 ft., 2 stories high, of brick ; a banking house ; an Episcopal church, 50 ft. front by 80 deep, of stone, in the Go- thic style ; Presbyterian church of stone 60 by 30 ft., and two engine houses of stone ; a library, containing about 1100 volumes. There are here also, a literary society, a cabinet of natural history, two daily primary schools, 2 Sunday schools, 3 weekly
newspapers, 8 hotels and taverns, 9 |and communication therewith by the stores, 151 dwellings, 1 brewery, one canal, and by the rail road now being made, will make it an extensive manu- facturing town. The dam across the Schuylkill is about 110 fect long, and 900 ft. between the abutments, the width of the water fall. bottling cellar, 2 oyster houses, 1 hay scales, 2 fire engines, 1 mill for saw- ing marble, having 174 saws, and ca- pable of sawing 1000 superficial feet per week, 2 mills for sawing timber, 4 merchant grist mills, 1 oil mill, 1 livery stable, 2 lumber yards, 1 coal yard, 1 brick yard, 1 lime kiln, 6 jus- tices of the peace, 11 attornies at law, 1 scrivener, 5 physicians, 2 druggists, 2 butchers, 2 bakers, 3 confectioners, 3 printers, 1 book binder, 2 clock and watch makers, 1 cabinet maker, 1 chair maker, 1 sign painter, 1 hatter, 4 tailors, 2 milliners and mantua ma- kers, 1 tallow chandler, 1 tanner, 1 currier, 3 boot and shoe makers, l saddle and harness maker, 5 master carpenters, 2 stone cutters, 1 master mason, 1 brick layer, 1 mill wright, 1 coach maker, 1 wheel wright, 3 black- smiths, I tin manufacturer, 2 coopers, I carpet weaver, 1 tobacconist. There are here also, 1 cotton mill belonging to Mr. B. McCready, 150 ft. by 48, 5 stories high, of stone, and roofed with slate, containing near 7000 spin- dles ; another cotton mill belonging to Mr. Friedly, 47 by 38 ft., 2 stories high, of stone, containg 900 spindles ; a weaving factory, conducted by Mr. Jamieson, 110 ft. by 45, in part 3 sto- ries high, capable of containing 216 power looms, and having now 143 looms in operation, making 30,000 yards of cotton cloth per week. The bridge across the Schuylkill is 800 ft. long, and with the abutments, 1050 ft. It has 3 arches of wood resting on stone piers, cost $31,199 90, erected by a joint stock company, in which the county has an interest of $10,000, and the state 6000. The streets of the town have lately been levelled and graded, and much of them paved with brick or flags. Thirteen stages pass through the town daily, with from 50 to 100 passengers. The site of the town is pleasant and healthy, and the water power obtained here by the dam of the Schuylkill navigation com- pany and its vicinity to Philadelphia,
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Northampton county. This county was established by act of assembly of March 11th, 1752 ; and is bounded by the Delaware r. on the E., Bucks co. on the S. E., Lehigh co. on the S., Schuylkill co. on the S. W., Luzerne co. on the N. W., and Pike co. on the N. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 40 ms., and its greatest breadth from E. to W. is 50 ms. It contains 874 sq. niiles or 559,360 acres. Full % of the population are German, and they merit the high character given to that people, for sobriety, industry, fru- gality and thrift.
This county is one of the most inter- esting in the state, by reason of its agricultural improvements, its mineral wealth, particularly iron and the great coal formations of Mauch Chunk and Beaver Meadow, (see these articles,) and the admirable canal of the Lehigh navigation and coal company.
Northampton is one of the most di- versified counties, not only of Penn- sylvania, but of the U. S. It is trav- ersed from N. E. to S. W. by the Kittatinny mtns., or as they are local- ly called in the county, the Blue Ridge. This chain divides it into 2 very une- qual sections ; that S. E. of the Kit- tatinny lies in the form of a triangle, the base along the mtns., and the per- pendicular on Lehigh co., and con- tains nearly 400 sq. ms. The surface, though generally hilly, is as generally arable. The very remarkable slate and lime formation which extends so distinctively from the Delaware to the Susquehannah, in the Kittatinny val- ley, is peculiarly striking in the lower part of Northampton. The limestone tract skirts the S. mtn , and the argila- ceous slate the Kittatinny, each extend- ing from its respective base about half way across the valley. Though both are highly productive in grain, fruits
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and pasturage, the limestone 'soil is||tive. The timber is chiefly pine and stronger than the slate; and the fea- tures of nature bolder on the former, than on the latter formation.
The townships of Lower Saucon and Williams, are separated from the other parts of the county by the Le- high, and are traversed by a ridge passing by Bethlehem, and interrupted by the Delaware 2 ms. below Easton. From many of the highest eminences of this range, the highly cultivated section we have noticed, spreads before the eye like a vast garden, terminated by the distant Kittatinny mtns.
That section of the county N. W. of the Kittatinny mountain is remar- kably broken into mountainous ridges ; of which the Kittatinny is the only one that passes through the county in a direct line. Those in the N. W. are scattered, disunited, and lie rather in groups, than extend to collateral ridges. All, however, have a general N. E. and S. W. arrangement, and leave intervening valleys of more or less width and fertility, as in other parts of Pennsylvania, the Northamp- ton ridges receive special names in different places. The principal ones are, beside the S. mtn. or Lehigh hills and Kittatinny, the Pokono or Second mtn., Mauch Chunk, Nesquihoning, Broad mtn., the Pohopoko, Spring mtn., and Mahoning mtn. The soil in the valleys N. of the Blue mtn., even where arable, is much inferior to that upon the S. Indeed, the mtn. is the division line between 2 climates, and the temperature of the seasons is not less different than the soil. Vege- tation is about two weeks later on the N. than on the S. side.
The general character of the soil below the mountain, is gravel, loam and schist, intermixed with sand in many places. It is warm and produc- tive, particularly in grain ; produces excellent fruit, and when plaster is used, very good clover. Above the mountain, the soil is principally a mixture of gravel and clay, and above. the Pokono mtn., partakes so much of the latter, as to be cold and unproduc-
hemlock, and is generally small; but the forests on the Upper Lehigh, and particularly the Great swamp produce large and excellent trees. The coun- try is almost a wilderness, uninhabited except along the road to Wilkesbarre, and there sparsely. Below the mtn., the natural timber is principally oak, mingled with hickory and chestnut. There is here, however, but a small portion of the natural forest remaining, cultivation having felled all that impe- ded its progress. About 4 of the co. is cultivated ; about a third of it is sus- ceptible of cultivation. Three fourths of that which is subject to the plough are admirably adapted to grain, par- ticularly rye and wheat.
We may safely assume the general elevation of the cultivated part of Northampton co. in the Kittatinny valley, at 250 to 300 feet, and of the section above the mountain, at 500 to 600 feet.
The rivers of Northampton co. are the Delaware, the Lehigh, and their branches.
The Delaware, which forms the eastern boundary of the co., has a very crooked course, following its windings about 25 miles through a very mountainous country, until it leaves the Water gap. Its banks con- tinue hilly below the mtn. to Welles' falls, S. of the village of New Hope, in Bucks co.
The creeks of the county, below the Kittatinny, advancing S. W. from the Delaware Water gap, are, Crosby's, Richmond, Martin's, Muddy, Bushkill, Manookisy, Caladaque & Hockendoc- que ; the three latter fall into the Le- high, the residue into the Delaware. Above the Kittatinny, the Delaware receives immediately above the Water gap, Broadhead's creek, partly from Pike and partly from Northampton. The mountain section of the county, however, is more particularly drained by the confluents of the Lehigh ; these are from the left, Tobyhanna, Dreck, Muddy, Big creek, and Aquan- shicola ; from the right, Quacake,
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Nesquihoning, Mahoning and Lizard creeks.
The Lehigh is emphatically the r. of Northampton co., having therein most of its sources and the greater part of its course. A detailed des- cription of it, and of the improve- ments connected with it, will be found under the articles Lehigh river, and Mauch Chunk, in this work.
The canal of the Schuylkill naviga- tion and coal company, accompanies the Lehigh from Mauch Chunk in its course through the county of North- ampton to Easton, where it communi- cates with the Delaware, and with the state canal. (For a particular descrip- tion of it, see that part of the " Intro- duction which treats of the canals of Pennsylvania" and " Mauch Chunk.")
The chief towns and villages of Northampton co. are Easton, Beth- lehem, Nazareth, Mauch Chunk, Anthracite, Weisport, Lowrytown, Richmond, Williamsburg, Dutotsburg, Stroudsburg, Lehighton, Berlinville, Cherryville, Kreidersville, Kernsville, Kellerstown. (For a particular de- scription of these, see their several titles.)
A main turnpike road leaves Phila- delphia, passes through Philadelphia, Montgomery, Bucks and part of Le- high counties, enters Northampton in the t-ship of Lower Saucon, and crosses the Lehigh at Bethlehem, where it branches into two routes. One turns N. W. up the Lehigh, pass- es Kreidersville, and through the Le- high Water gap, by Lehighton, Mauch Chunk and Lausanne, contin- ues to the banks of the Susquehannah, at Nescopeck. From Bethlehem, the other or northern branch proceeds to- wards Easton, but breaks into numer- ous country roads, one of which leads to Nazareth and to the Delaware Wind gap. Here it is divided into two branches; one of which runs N. W. to Wilkesbarre, and the other N. into Pike co. The lower Philadelphia road reaches Easton, between the foregoing and Delaware r. From Easton another road leads up the Dcl-
Haware to the Water gap. Besides these, numerous cross roads chequer the lower part of the county, and ren- der communication easy and conven- ient. A rail road of 9 miles in length, runs from the village of Mauch Chunk to the coal mine on Mauch Chunk mtn., and another rail road of little more than 5 miles in length, commu- nicates with the mines lately opened by the Lehigh coal company, on the N. of the Nesquihoning mtn.
Good bridges are found in this co., over most of the streams where the convenience of the public has required them. The most notable are those erected over the Delaware at Easton ; over the Lehigh at that place and Bethlehem, Lehighton, and Mauch Chunk.
The several gaps of which we have spoken are certainly objects of curi- osity. The Delaware Water gap is a crooked passage, forming a right angle in the mtn. which appears as if cleft in twain for the egress of the river, and forms perpendicular cliffs of rocks which rise 1200 feet from the river, so near the brink, that the road is cut in the hill. The Lehigh Water gap is a similar passage, but has not such large rocks, nor is it so steep as the prece- ding.
Moor's cascade is a perpendicular fall of Moor's run, of two separate pitches of about 40 feet each. The first falls into a basin, and the second upon broken rocks, the whole being in a deep glen whose sides rise about an hundred feet. Immediately below is the turn hole, a deep eddy in the river Lehigh, bounded by a rocky and perpendicular cliff, 150 ft. high.
The county is not distinguished for manufacturing enterprize. Its dis- tance from market, and the sparse- ness of its population, afford satisfac- tory reasons for its backwardness in this particular. With the improved means of transportation produced by the Lehigh and Delaware canals, it is probable that the wealth and attention of its citizens will be more turned into this channel. The ordinary handi-
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crafts prosper, and much flax and || part of the eastern district of the su- wool are converted into clothing of a preme court ; and together with Berks and Lehigh, constitutes the 3d judicial district. The courts are held at Eas- ton on the 3d Mondays of January, April, August, and November, annul- ally. rude but durable texture, by the hands of the farmers' wives and daughters. Flour, whiskey, lumber, coal and iron, are the great stables of the county. Large quantities of flour are annually sent to Philadelphia by the Delaware, Senatorial district. Northampton and Lchigh form the 12th senatorial district of the state, which sends two members to the senate. The county, joined with Wayne and Pike, has four representatives in the assembly. With Bucks, Wayne and Pike, it forms the 8th congressional district, and sends 3 representatives to congress. and much will hereafter reach New- York by the Morris canal, which con- nects with the Delaware in the state of New Jersey opposite to Easton. There are beds of valuable iron ore in various parts of the county, particu- larly in the t-ships south of the Le- high ; and there are here one furnace and 3 forges in profitable operation.
The German population of the state has been reproached with being indif- ferent to the progress of letters, and perhaps the inhabitants of this county are not exempt from the charge. Yet, with the aid of the state, an academy and a college, called La Fayette, have been established at Easton, and ano- ther at Stroudsburg ; and the Moravi- an institutions have been long distin- guished for their attention to the rudi- ments of education, and their schools at Bethlehem and Nazareth, have had justly much reputation. A libra- ry of some 1500 volumes is establish- ed at Easton, where many gentlemen display a due regard for science.
The population of this county was in 1810, 38,145; in 1820, 31,765; and by the census of 1830, amounts to 39,267. The apparent diminution of 1820, arises from the abstraction of the townships which form Lehigh county, in 1812. The taxables in 1828 were 7382. Assessed value of real estate $6,360,982. Of the popu- lation there were males, 21,418; fe- males, 18,657 ; colored persons, 192 ; aliens, 568 ; deaf and humb, 20 ; blind, 10; and 1 male slave. The price of land varies of course according to quality and vicinity to market, and ranges from $5 to 100 the acre. The latter price is demanded for some well improved farms in the limestone for- mation along the Lehigh river.
Judiciary. Northampton forms a
Greatest
Townships, &c.
Lth.
Bth.
Population. 1820 1830
Taxa- bles.
Allen,
8
5 1-4
1847
2106
417
Bethlehem,
5 1-2, 4 1-2
1800
2430
425
Bushkill,
7
4
1962
1402
277
Chestnut Hill,
9
8
1026
940
215
East Penn,
8
6 1-2
1082
807
222
Easton Boro',
2370
3529
660
Forks,
6 1-4
6
1659
1989
389
Hanover,
2 1-2
9 6 1-4
1320
1428
275
Lehigh,
6 1-4
5 1-2
1550
1659
333
Lausanne,
15
8 1-2
920
508
165
L'er Nazareth,
4 3-4
3
1084
1904
223
Lower Saucon,
6 1-2
4 1-2
2208
2308
446
L'er Mt. Betliel, 11 1-2
4 1-2
4 1-2
1645
1853
398
Plainfield,
9 1-2
2
1127
1285
233
Pokono,
19
7
389
568
94
Ross,
9 1-2
873
838
140
Smithfield,
8 1-2
7 1-2
961
1080
194
Towamensing,
2.1
10
874
1171
938
Up. Nazareth,
4 3-4
2 1-2
663
942
164
Tobyhanna,
16
13
279
50
Manch Chunk,
13
1348
262
Williams,
6
3
1590
2707
339
31,765 39,267
Northampton, formerly called Allen- town, in Lehigh county, situated at the junction of the Jordan and Little Lehigh creeks, about half a mile from the Lehigh river. It is 6 miles S. S. W. from Bethlehem, 18 S. W. from Easton, and 55 N. N. W. from Phila- delphia, 178 N. E. from W. C. and 85 E. of Harrisburg. The town is on high ground, and commands a fine view of the surrounding country. It was laid out before the erection of
6 5 1-2
1143
1631
275
Up. Mt. Bethel,
5
2182
34%
65
Hamilton,
6 1-4
8 1-4
2472
2666
483
Moore,
Stroud,
450
358
There are two banks in the county, located at the town of Easton. (See Easton.)
STATISTICAL TABLE OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY.
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Northampton county, by William Al-|S. E. Length 72, breadth 4} miles ; len, Esq. provincial chief justice, from area, 13,975 acres. The Neshaminy creek forms the N., E. and part of the S. boundary, and receives from the t-ship several small streams. Tinker- town, a small hamlet, is on the line which divides it from Warwick t-ship. Northampton meeting is near the line of Southampton t-ship. Surface, lev- el; soil, rich loam. Pop. in 1830, 1521; taxables, 1828, 311 ; assessed value of lands, $656,825. whom it received its name. A great portion of the town plot, and many farms about it, still belong to his heirs. Except Nazareth, it is the oldest town above the South mountain, and E. of the Schuylkill river. Its form is square, its streets are at right angles, and it is ornamented by a public square near the centre. It contains a large court house and public offices, of hewn limestone, a spacious prison of the same materials, 3 churches, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for German Presbyteri- ans, and 1 for English Presbyterians, an academy incorporated 18th March, 1814, to which the state gave $2000, and about 260 dwelling houses, be- sides shops and other out houses, and 2 merchant grist mills. The popula- tion in 1830, was 1544; taxables in 1828, 322. A bank called the North- ampton bank was established here in 1814. Capital, $123,365. (See ar- ticle Lehigh co.) Northampton was incorporated as a borough by act March 18th, 1811.
On the main road to Bethlehem and in view of the town, is a chain bridge over the Lehigh, 230 feet long, and 30 feet wide. There are also excel- lent stone bridges over the Little Le- high, and the Jordan. The chain bridge over the Lehigh had once a double path, and was an imposing structure, but it was once impaired by fire, and since by the works of the Lehigh canal company ; a large stone driven against it in blasting the rocks at the dam of this place, broke one of the chains, and threw a portion of the bridge into the water. It has been repaired, however, and it is strong enough, but it has a ruinous appear- ance. It is the property of a compa- ny.
Northampton, t-ship, Bucks county, bounded N. by Wrightstown, E. by Newtown, S. and S. E. by Middleton, S. W. by Southampton and Warmins- ter, and W. by Warwick t-ships. Cen- trally distant from Philadelphia, 20 miles N. ; from Doylestown, 10 miles
Northampton, Lehigh co. a small t- ship, which surrounds the borough of Northampton. Surface, level; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 213 ; taxa- bles, 40.
North East, t-ship, Erie county, bounded N. by lake Erie, E. by the state of New York, S. by Greenfield, and W. by Beaver Dam and Harbor Creek t-ships. Centrally distant N. E. from Erie borough, 10 miles ; greatest length 7, breadth 5_ miles ; area, 19,200. It is drained northward by Sixteen and Twenty Mile crs. and other streams. Burget'stown, a post- town, lies on the road from Erie to Portland, 14 miles N. E. from the former, and 287 miles from Harris- burg.
Northern Liberties. Upon the sur- vey of the plot of the city of Philadel. phia in 1682 or 1683, two tracts of lland were annexed to it under the des- ignation of " Liberties ;" the one W. of the river Schuylkill, and the other north of Vine street. These Liberties were apportioned among the purchas- ers of lands from the proprietary, at the ratio of 10 acres in the western, and 8 in the northern, for every 500 acres of country land sold. Under the designation of " The Northern Liber- ties," were included for many years, all the lands contained in the tract N. of the city, S. and E. of Oxford, Bris- tol, Germantown and Roxborough t-ships. By the incorporation of the city portion of the t.ship, and the erec- tion of Penn t-ship, and the incorpora- tion of Kensington district, the t-ship of the Northern Liberties is now bounded N. by the Frankford or Ta-
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cony ereek which separates it from Ox- ford t-ship, thence by a line which strikes the Germantown road at the forks, a mile above Nicetown, E. and S. E. by the river Delaware and Ken- sington district, S. by the incorpora- ted Northern Liberties, and W. by Penn t-ship. This district is, in many places, as thickly settled as a town, and contains the villages of Balls- town, Bridesburg, Richmond, Sun- ville and Nicetown. It is about 41 miles long, by 3 miles wide. Its sur- face is generally level, its soil clay and loam, and generally in a high state of cultivation, and in many parts, employed in extensive horticulture. The Cohocksink creek is on its S. and Tacony on the N. boundary. Gun- ner's run flows across the t-ship to the Delaware, midway between them. The population by the census of 1830, was 2453.
Northern Liberties, Incorporated. 'This district was taken from the fore- going, by act 28th March, 1803, by which it was erected into a separate corporation, which provided, That the inhabitants of that part of the Northern Liberties, lying between the W. side of Sixth street and the river Delaware, and between Vine street and Cohocksink creek, be, &c. a cor. poration and body politic, to be gov- erned by 15 commissioners. Several supplements were enacted to this law, to enlarge or modify the powers of the corporation, all of which with others, were embraced in a consolidated act of 16th March, 1819, which changed the boundary from the W. side, to the middle of Sixth street. The District is a suburb of the city, and contains half the area of the city. It is for the greater part closely built, and is paved, watched, and lighted as the ci. ty. It is supplied with Schuylkill wa- ter by means of the city water works, and grows more rapidly than the city proper. It contained in 1830, about 5500 dwellings, and 28,923 inhabit- ants.
Northern Liberties, a suburb of the eity of Pittsburg. (See Pittsburg.)
Northmoreland, t-ship, Luzerne co. bounded N. by Eaton and the Susque- hannah river, E. by Exeter, S. by Dallas and Lehman, and W. by Wind- ham. Its surface is very uneven, in- deed mountainous ; yet it contains a considerable quantity of land, which will admit of culture. It has 3 post- offices. The Allegheny mountains, including Bowman's ridge, almost cov- er it. It is drained by Bowman's cr. and its tributaries, which pass central- ly through it, by Island run in the N. E. angle, and a branch of Sudon's creek, which rises in a small lake in the S. E. It is wedge shape. Great- est length about 13 miles, greatest width about 6 miles; arca, 33,480 acres. Pop. in 1830, 785 ; taxables in 1828, 144. The post-office named after the t-ship, is distant from W. C. 242 miles, and 134 from Harrisburg.
Northumberland, post-town of North- umberland county, at the confluence of the E. and W. branches of the Sus. quehannah river, about 54 miles by the road above Harrisburg, and 164 from W. C. A bridge across the E. or N. branch, connects the town with Sunbury, (see Sunbury,) and another over the W. branch, leads to Union co. The Shamokin dam across the river here, is 9} feet high above the bottom of the river, and 2783 feet long. The chute through it for the passage of boats and rafts, is 64 feet wide, and 650 feet long. This dam has been twice built, and its perma- nency is still doubtful. The town con- tains about 150 dwellings, 12 or 13 stores, 10 taverns, and a full propor- tion of mechanics. Three churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 German Reformed, an academy incor- porated in 1804 and endowed by the legislature with $2000, a market house and town house of brick, a bank with a capital of $200,000, incorporated Ist April, 1831. As at this point the trade of the North and West Branch- es of the Susquehannah unite, North- umberland has every prospect upon the completion of the state canals, of be- comning a place of great business.
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