USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 28
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Conewango creek, flows into War. ren co. from the state of New York 12 miles N. of, and empties into, the Allegheny river. This is a large and navigable stream. From Russell's mills (five miles) to the New York state line, it is a deep sluggish stream and and will admit of steamboat naviga- tion at all times, when not frozen, and possesses the same character for 30 miles above. From Russell's mills to Warren, 7 miles, it is more rapid, the fall being 60 feet. But loaded keel boats &c. ascend in a good state of the water without difficulty. There are four double, and two single saw mills, upon these rapids.
Conewanta creek, Harmony t-ship, Susquehannah co. rises in Jackson t- ship and flows through the former into the Susquehannah river, at the east- ernmost point of the great bend around the Oquago mountain. It is a mill stream, rapid and unnavigable.
Conewingo creek, rises in Lancas. ter co. and flows S. E. through Little Britain t-ship, and the state of Mary- land, into the Susquehannah river. It is a mill stream with a course of about 12 miles.
Coney creek, Donegal t-ship, Lan- caster co. a small stream which flows from the Conewago hills by a course of about 6 miles into the river Sus- quehannah. It has several mills on it.
Conneaut, t-ship, Crawford co. so named from the lake which is near it. Centrally distant about 12 ms. W. of Meadville ; surface, rolling ; soil, gra- velly. Pop. in 1830, 547. The state canal will pass through this t-ship.
Conneaut lake, Sadsbury township, Crawford co. a beautiful sheet of wa- ter, having an area of 4 ms. by 2, abounding with fish. It forms a link in the water communication between the Allegheny r. and lake Erie.
Conneautte, t-ship, Erie co. bounded N. by Mckean t-ship, E. by Water- ford and Le Boeuf t-ships, S. by Craw- ford co. and W. by Elk Creek t-ship. Centrally distant S. from Erie borough 15 miles ; greatest length and breadth 7; area, 31,360 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Pop. in 1830, 743; taxables, 132. Conneautte lake, from which the t-ship has its name, lies a little S. E. of the centre of the t-ship. The Conneautte creck, which rises near the N. line of the t-ship, in McKean t-ship, flows S. E. into the lake, and issuing from it on the S. flows thence about 6 ms. into French cr. in Crawford co. Another creek also rising in Mckean t-ship flows S. E. through this t-ship, and unites with Conneautte cr. below the S. boundary.
Conneautte lake and creek. (See preceding article.)
Conneaut, town, is a small town of Crawford co. upon the S. side of Con- neaut lake, on the road leading to Meadville, 8 ms. N. W. containing some 10 or 15 dwellings, a store and tavern.
Conneautville, p-t. of Beaver t-ship, Crawford co. on Conneaut creek, 14 ms. N. W. of Meadville, 313 from W. C. and 252 from Harrisburg ; contains several dwellings, a store, tavern and mill. The proposed canal to Erie will pass near the town.
Conneaut, t-ship, Erie co. bounded N. by Springfield t-ship, E. by Elk Creek t-ship, S. by Crawford co. and W. by the state of Ohio. Centrally distant from the borough of Erie S. W. 23 miles ; greatest length 8}, breadth 6 miles ; area 32,640 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Pop. in 1830, 1324; taxables, 214. The t- ship takes its name from the Conneaut creek, which, rising near Harminsville, runs N. to the vicinity of Lexington, a village of this t-ship, and thence W. and N. through the state of Ohio, to lake Erie. The proposed route of the state canal is along this creek, and by Lexington to Erie borough. Lexing- ton, which lies near the N. line of the t-ship, is the p-t.
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Connellsville, t-ship, and borough, || from the latter place, 18 from Lau- Fayette co. bounded N. by Tyrone sanne, on the Lehigh r. and about 20 ms. by the road from Wilkesbarre, 206 ms. N. from W. C. and 96 from Har- risburg. It is built upon one sheet at the foot of the Buck mtn. and upon the Little Nescopeck creek. It contains about 50 dwellings, several stores and taverns. and Bullskin t-ship, E. by Salt Lick, S. by Wharton and W. by Dunbar t-ships. Centrally distant from Uniontown N. E. 12 ms. greatest length 6 ms. breadth 4 miles; area, 8960 acres; surface hilly ; soil, limestone, and loam; coal abundant; pop. in 1830, 1205; taxa- bles 220. The Chestnut Ridge cov- Cook's island, in the N. branch of the Susquehannah r. opposite Lodge's run and about 3 ms. above Northum- berland borough. ers the E. part, and the Youghiogheny river flows on the S. and W. bound- ary. On this river lies the town of Connellsville, 12 miles N. E. from Cookstown, Washington t-ship, Fay- ette co. at the confluence of Cook's run with the Monongahela r. 16 ms. N. W. of Uniontown, 214 from W. C. and 191 S. W. from Harrisburg, contains about 115 dwellings, 2 churches, 3 schools, 5 stores, 2 tav- erns, 1 steamboat yard, and 600 in- habitants. Union 31 .W. of Somerset, and 45 S. E. from Pittsburg. The t-ship is drained by the river and by Mount's creek, which flows into it a short dis- tance above the town. The town was incorporated into a borough by act 1st March, 1806, and contains from 100 to 120 dwellings, 2 churches, 3 schools, 9 stores, 5 taverns, 2 grist mills and 1 saw mill, driven by water and one air foundry.
Conoloway creek, Great and Little. The first rises in Bethel t-ship, Bedford co. in the Raystown hills, and flows S. E. into the Potomac r. passing the t. of Werefordsburg. It receives from Bethel t-ship Five Lick run, Pigeon Cove creek, and the North Branch, which flows S. from Belfast t-ship. The Little Conoloway rises in Sideling Hill, near the S. boundary of the state, in which it has but a short portion of its course, and flows into the same re- cipient.
Conshehoken. a newly created vil- lage of Plymouth t-ship, Montgomery co. on the left bank of the Schuylkill r. on the canal formed by the Schuyl- kill navigation co. 12 ms. from Phila. and 4 from Norristown. The water power acquired by the dam has caused the birth of this new manufacturing t. It now contains 6 dwellings, 1 store, 1 tavern, a rolling mill and a grist mill, with the most favorable prospects of rapid increase.
Conynham, a village and p-t. of Su- garloaf t-ship, Luzerne co. situate on the Nescopeck valley, upon the turn- pike road leading to Berwick, 12 ms.
Coolbaugh's post office, Wayne co. 228 ms. N. E. from W. C. 133 from Harrisburg.
Cool Spring, town, Mercer county, bounded N. by Sandy creek, E. by Sandy Lake t-ship, S. by Springfield t-ship, and W. by Delaware t-ship. Centrally distant N. E. from Mercer borough 6 ms. The t-ship is an ob- long of 8 by 6 ms. area 30,720 acres ; surface, level ; soil, limestone. It is drained S. by Cool Spring creek and Otter creek, branches of the Neshan- ock. The turnpike road from Mercer to Meadville runs N. through the t- ship. Pop. in 1830, 1099; taxables 178; taxable property in 1829, real est. $70,219 ; personal $14,904 ; rate of tax 5 mills on the dollar.
Cooper, town, Mckean co. bounded N. by Sergeant t-ship, E. by Ship- pen, S. by Burlington t-ship, W. by Jefferson co. Centrally distant from Smithport 16 ms ; greatest length 13, breadth 8 ms .; area 66,560 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravel and loam.
Cooperstown, a small village of Plumb t-ship, Venango co. 10 ms. N. of the borough of Franklin, contains some 4 or 5 dwellings, a store, tavern and mill.
Coply creek, Lehigh county, rises in
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North White Hall t-ship, and running|| 15, breadth 13 miles ; surface hilly ; S. easterly falls into the Lehigh river, about 5 miles above the borough of Northampton. It turns several mills, but is unnavigable and fails much in dry seasons.
Corkin's creek, a considerable mill stream of Damascus t-ship, Wayne co. which flows into the Delaware r. about 4 ms. below Casherton falls.
Corner Ketch, a small hamlet in the N. angle of Bethel t-ship, Delaware co. on the road from Chester to Chad's ford, about 7 ms. N. W. of the for- mer, contains 4 dwellings, a smith shop and a store.
Coventry, t-ship, Chester co. bound- ed N. E. by Montgomery co. S. E. by Vincent t-ship, S. W. by East Nantmeal t-ship, and N. W. by Berks co. Central distance N. W. from Phil. 30 miles; from West Chester N. 15 miles; length 7}, breadth 6 miles; area, 22,300 acres; surface hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Pop. in 1830, 2131; taxables 394, in 1828. French creek crosses the S. W. angle, and Pigeon creek flows centrally through the t-ship to the river Schuylkill, which courses the eastern boundary. On all these there are mills ; Pughtown, the post town, lies in the extremity of the S. W. angle. There are not less than 5 churches, four of which are in the opposite angles of a quadrangle, and the 5th at the intersection of the diagonal lines. The Schuylkill canal runs along the E. line of the t-ship.
Covington, p-t. and borough of Cov- ington t-ship, Tioga co. on the right bank of Tioga river, and on the E. and W. state road, contains about 30 dwellings. It was incorporated into a borough by act 21st March 1831. It is 241 miles from W. C. 135 from Harrisburg.
Covington, t-ship, Clearfield co. bounded N. by Gibson t-ship, E. by Lycoming and Centre counties, S. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah river which separates it from Bradford t-ship, and W. from Lawrence t-ship. Centrally distant from Clearfield bor- ough N. E. 16 miles; greatest length
soil, slate, loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 250 ; taxables 47. It is drain- ed by Philipin or Deer run, Sandy run, Little Mushanon creek, and other streams which flow S. E. into the Sus- quehannah river. The post town of Karthaus is in the E. part of the t-ship, on the river, at which there are some iron works.
Covington, t-ship, Tioga co. bound- ed N. by Tioga and Jackson t-ships, E. by Sullivan t-ship, S. by Lycoming co. and W. by land now or formerly Delmar t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. of Wellsborough 15 miles. It forms an oblong of 22 by 8 miles, comprising 112,640 acres. The Tio- ga river enters the t-ship from Sulli- van on the E. and flows N. centrally through it for about two thirds of its length, receiving several tributaries on either hand. The surface is some- what hilly and rugged, particularly along the river ; the soil is gravel, loam and clay, well timbered, and much lumber is sent to market by the river. Coal, and iron ore abound. There is a small village in the t-ship, on the E. and W. state road, and on the right bank of the river, called Covington four corners, near which is a post of- fice, 13 miles E. of Wellsborough, 241 from W. C. and 135 from Har- risburg. Pop. in 1830, 361 ; taxables 67.
Covington, t-ship, Luzerne co. (so named in honor of Brigadier Gen. Cov- ington, of the army of the United States, who fell in the battle of Wil- liamsburg, in U. C. during the late war,) is bounded E. by Wayne co. S. E. and S. by the Lehigh river, S. W. by Wilkesbarre t-ship, and N. W. by Pittston, Providence and Blakely t-ships. Its greatest length is about 23 miles, greatest breadth about 9 miles; area 105,600 acres.
There is a thriving settlement in its northern division, upon the lands of Henry W. Drinker, Esq. The ex- periment of keeping sheep upon the wild and uncultivated mountains and highlands, in this and Wilkesbarre
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t-ships, during the spring and summer months, has been tried for several suc- cessive years. The result has prov- ed most favorable. The Philadelphia and Great Bend turnpike, passes through its northern division, and the Easton, and Wilkesbarre turnpike and a great stage road, through its south- ern. Stoddartsville, at the great falls of the Lehigh, was a few years since a very flourishing village. It has felt the pressure of the times and is now going to decay. This is the extreme point to which the Lehigh coal and Navigation company are authorized to extend their improvements in the navigation of that river. The con- templated canal or rail road from the mouth of the Lackawannock, to the wa- ter Gap upon the Dalaware, must pass through this t-ship. Its streams afford abundant and never failing mill power, and its forest the choicest of timber. The pop. of the t-ship, in 1830, was about 550, taxables in 1828, 106.
Covington, New, p-o. Luzerne co. 241 miles from W. C. and 144 from Harrisburg.
Cove mountain, Rye t-ship, Perry co. This mountain forms an irregular semi-ellipsis on the Susquehannah river.
Cove mountain, a part of the chain of the Blue mountain separating the S. W. boundary of Franklin co. from Bedford, part of the chain S. of the Tuscarora mountain.
Cove creek, Big, rises in Dublin t-ship, Bedford co. and flows S. by McConnellstown, W. of Cove mountain about 12 miles to Licking creek.
Cove creek, Little, in Franklin co. rises on the E. side of Cove mountain, and flows S. through Warren t-ship, to Licking creek.
Cove creek, Coleraine t-ship, Bedford co. runs N. through Friends Cove val- ley into the Raystown branch of the Juniata river. It is a rapid mill stream.
Cowanshannock creek, Armstrong co. rises on the W. border of Indiana co. and flows W. and N. W. through Wayne and Kittanning t-ships into the
Allegheny river, about 3 ms. above the town of Kittanning.
Cowdersport, p-t. and co. t. of Pot. ter co. on the fork of the Allegheny r. a few miles from its source. The town plot consists of 90 acres, two thirds of which are in town lots, and two public squares in the town, one for the county buildings and the other for an acade- my, together with 150 acres of land contiguous to the town, for the use of such academy, they conveyed to the trustees of the county of Potter, and John Keating made a further donation of 500 dollars in money, also for the use of such academy, in consideration whereof, the seat of justice was estab- lished by the legislature at this spot. The county not having been yet organ- ized for judicial purposes, the public buildings have not been yet erected in the town, but some four or five years since, legislative provision was made for felling the timber on the public square and other lots. The town now contains some 8 or 10 dwellings, store and tavern. Authority has been ob- tained for making a turnpike road from Jersey Shore borough, in Lycoming co. to Cowdersport. The town is dis- tant 283 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 174 from Harrisburg.
Cox's creek, Somerset co. rises in Somerset t-ship, and flows by the bo- rough of Somerset, through Milford t- ship to Castleman's river.
Coxtown, a small village, Berks co. containing about 20 houses, 1 tavern and 1 store. Distant from Reading, about 12 miles.
Cox'stown, small village of Susque- hannah t-ship, Dauphin co. on the turnpike road 4 ms. N. of Harrisburg, contains some half dozen houses and 2 taverns.
Cox'sville, small hamlet of Buck's co. on the line between Northampton and Warwick t-ships, 7 ms. S. E. of Doylestown ; contains 3 or 4 dwel- lings
Coylesville, p-t. Butler co. 226 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 194 W. of Har- risburg.
Craig's Meadow, p-o. Northampton
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co. 223 ms. N. E. from W. C. and 97) from Harrisburg.
Cranberry run, Sugarloaf t-ship, Luzerne co., a tributary of Black cr., flowing from the S. W. which enters the latter at the foot of Green mtn. and at the head of canoe navigation.
Cranberry, t-ship, Butler co. bound- ed N. by Conequenessing t-ship, E. by Middlesex, S. by Allegheny co. and W. by Beaver co. Centrally dis- tant distant S. W. from Butler borough, 13 ms. It forms a square of 8 miles ; area, 40,960 acres ; surface, hilly, or rolling ; soil, loam and clay. Pop. in 1830, 1046 ; taxables, 200. It is wa- tered chiefly by Glade run, Breakneck and Brush creeks. Post office of the t-ship is 244 miles N. W. from W. C. and 213 from Harrisburg. It takes its name from an extensive cranberry swamp.
Cranberry, t-ship, Venango county, bounded N. and W. by the river Alle- gheny, E. by Pine Grove t-ship, S. by Rockland t-ship ; centrally distant E. from Franklin borough, 7 ms .; great- est length 15Į ms. ; breadth 8 ms. ; area, 33,280 acres ; surface, level ; soil, gravel. The turnpike road from Bellefonte to Franklin runs N. W. through it. The t-ship is attached to French creek t-ship.
Crawford county, was taken from Allegheny co. by act 12th March, 1800; and by the same act the seat of justice was located at Meadville, on condition that the inhabitants and pro- prietors of that place and its vicinity should subscribe, and secure the pay- ment of four thousand dollars to the trustees of the county, either in specie or land, at a reasonable valuation, with- in four months from the passage of the act, for the use of a seminary of learn- ing within the county, and in case of default the trustees were authorized to fix the seat of justice at any place with- in four miles of Meadville. And by the act of 5th March, 1804, the com- missioners were directed to erect the court-house and public offices of the county, upon the public square of the town of Meadville. Crawford county
is now bounded on the N. by Erie co., on the E. by Warren and Venango counties, on the S. by Mercer and Ve- nango, and on the W. by the state of Ohio ; length 41, breadth 24 miles ; area, 974 square miles ; central lat. 41º 40' N. ; lon. from W. C. 3º west. It lies wholly in the great western se- condary formation, and contains the minerals usually pertaining to it. Iron ore has been found in various parts of the county ; salt licks and salt springs in the N. W., and indications of coal are seen in the south ; a bituminous oil issues from several sources on Oil creek, known in commerce as Seneca oil; it colours the waters and emits a strong odor, even at the mouth of the creek. The oil is burned in lamps, and used in various ways ; but is par- ticularly valued for its bituminous qua- lities. The inhabitants make excava- tions in the low and marshy grounds, which are immediately filled with wa- ter, covered with oil, which they skim off. Considerable quantities are annually sent to the eastern markets.
The surface of the country is undu- lating, and the soil generally of a good quality, and there is little or none worthless in the county. It is howev- er better adapted to grazing than grain farms, yet there is an ample portion suited to the latter purpose. It is well watered and timbered, and is particu- larly favorable to health. The prin- cipal stream is French creek, which flows S. and S. E. by the town of Meadville, and unites with the Alle- gheny river at the town of Franklin, in Venango co. It is a beautiful stream, and navigable for large boats and rafts the greater part of the year. The great system of artificial naviga- tion in Pennsylvania embraces this stream. The canal along it commen- ces at the Allegheny river, at the mouth of the creek, and extends up it 22 miles and 88 perches, to its inter- section with the feeder. On this line there are 5 miles and 52 perches of ca- nal and 17 ms. and 36 perches slack water and towing path. The princi- pal works are 11 dans, varying from
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7 to 16 ft. in height, and 3 guard and 16 lift locks, which overcome an ele- vation of 1201 feet. This work is part- ly executed, and the remainder under contract. Its cost, when completed, is estimated at $270,681. And the canal commissioners report that it may be completed by the middle of Nov. 1832. The French creek fceder commences near Bemis' mill, on the east side of the creek, 2 ms. N. of Meadville, passes through the town and crosses the creek 6 ms. below, and falls into the valley of Conneaut creek, which it pursues to the Conne- aut lake. Its length is 19} ms. It is proposed to connect this creek by means of Conneaut lake and Conneaut creek, with lake Erie. There are two creeks which bear the name of Con- neaut ; one running S. E. to French creek, the other N. W. to lake Erie. Beside these waters there are in the county, E. of French creek, Oil creek, which runs S. to the Allegheny ; Mud- dy creek, Woodcock creek, Big and Little Sugar creeks, and the Cussawago on the west, tributaries of French creek. The Shenango creek flows along the W. boundary, and drains by one of its branches the extensive Pymatu- ning swamp. There are also three lakes in the county ; the Conneaut, near the summit of the Pennsylvania canal, the Oil Creek and the Sugar Creek lakes. The first is a beautiful sheet of water, about five ms. by two, abounding with fine fish ; the others are smaller but equally pleasant. One turnpike road running S. connects Meadville with Mercer, another S. E. leads to the town of Franklin, and a third proceeds N. by Waterford to Erie. The towns are Meadville, Cen- treville, Conneaut town, Harmonsville, Conniotville and Pottersville. The population of the county, drawn from various sources, amounted in 1800, to 2346 ; in 1810 to 6176 ; in 1820, to 9397; and 1830, to 16,005, of whom 8336 were white males, 7634 white females ; 21 free col'd males, 14 free col'd. females. There were but 35
| aliens in the county, 1 deaf and dumb and 1 blind.
The exports of the county are the usual agricultural products ; and being chiefly a grazing country, cattle and horses. Its principal market is Pitts- burg, whence is drawn the chief sup- ply of imports. There are about 30 stores, which pay license, and a suffi- cient number of taverns. The manu- factures are strictly domestic, and sup- ply three fourths of the consumption of the county. In 1829, there were 32 grist mills, 65 saw mills, 8 fulling mills, 2 paper mills, 2 oil mills, 5 carding machines, 41 distilleries, and a few asheries. 145,831 lbs. of maple sugar, 177,360 lbs. black salts and potash, and 48,754 galls. whiskey were man- ufactured. There were 51,522 acres of cleared land, 12,169 of meadow ; 2970 horses, 18,081 cattle and 18,999 sheep. These articles, with the ex- ception of sugar, salts and whiskey, have greatly increased since that pe- riod. Col. Magaw, the patentee of straw paper, has an extensive manu- factory of that cheap and valuable ar- ticle, at Meadville. The public build- ings of the county consist of the court house, a very handsome structure of brick and cut stone, surmounted by a cupola, the county offices and prison, several neat churches, an academy, Bently hall, pertaining to Allegheny college, and the state arsenal. (For a particular description of these, see the article Meadville.)
There are in the county about 28 churches for divine worship, for the various denominations of christians, and about 62 schools.
The several societies established in the county, for benevolent and other useful purposes, are a Bible society, the Sabbath School Union, extended generally through the county, and hav- ing about 63 schools. A colonization society, auxiliary to the American colonization society. An internal improvement society, an agricultural society, and an emigration society.
The care taken for the academy
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was co-existent with the county. was incorporated by the act 31st March, 1807, and several other acts have been passed for the benefit of the institution ; among others, the act of 1811, granting it the sum of $1000. It is well supplied with a competent principal and other respectable teach- ers. The languages and the various branches of an English education, in- cluding Mathematics, Natural Philos- ophy, Chemistry, &c. and Drawing. There are also other respectable schools. The library of the college is uncommonly extensive and valuable, having been enriched by the bequests of the Rev. Wm. Bently and Judge Winthrop, and by the donation of Isaiah Thomas, Esq. all of Mass. It contains more than 8000 volumes, valued at more than 12,000 dollars. The bench and the bar, and the medi- cal men of the county, are respectable for their virtues and talents.
Crawford belongs to the 23d sena- torial district, sending one member to the senate. It sends also one member to the house of representatives. Joined with Erie, Mercer, Warren and Ve- mango, it forms the 18th congression- al district, represented in the 22d congress by John Banks. Connected with Venango, Mercer and Erie, it forms the 6th judicial district. Pres- ident, Henry Shippen, Esq. The courts are holden at Meadville on the 4th Mondays of November, February, May and August. The county be- longs to the western district of the supreme court, which holds its session at Pittsburg, on the first Monday in September annually.
The co. paid into the state treasury in 1831, for tax on writs, $140,00 Tavern licenses, 158,84
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandise, 210,70
Total, $519,54
Taxable property in 1829, seated lands, 969,204 ; unseated, $438,766 ; personal including occupations, $171,- 049 ; rate 5 mills in the dollar ; am'nt of tax levied, $7,S20,09}.
It| mound in the county, is taken from the N. Y. Jour. of Commerce, 1830. "On an extensive plain near Oil creek, there is a vast mound of stones, con- taining many hundred thousand cart loads. This pyramid has stood through so many ages that it is now covered with soil, and from its top rises a noble pine tree, the roots of which running down the sides, fasten themselves in the earth below. The stones are many of them so large, that two men can scarce move them ; and are unlike any in the neighborhod ; nor are there quarries near, from which so large a quantity could be taken. The stones were, perhaps, collected from the surface, and the mound one of the many that have been raised by the ancient race which preceded the Indians, whom the Eu- ropeans have known. These monu- ments are numerous further north and E. and in the S. and W. are far greater, more artificial and imposing."
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