USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 34
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Geologically considered, the county pertains to the great western second- ary formation, and most probably con- tains the minerals usually found in it. Salt springs have been discovered in various places, but no salt works have yet been erected, nor have any coal mines been explored. An immense mine of bog ore of excellent quality is said to exist in the county, near the line of the canal, from Elk creek to
Erie, and from which the ore is taken to the state of Ohio. The surface of the country is undulating, its soil sandy loam, clay, gravel, and tolerably pro- ductive, but better adapted for grass than grain farms. The dividing ridge which crosses the county from S. W. to N. E. marks a striking distinction in the county on each side. The southern portion produces excellent grass in great abundance, but is not fertile in grain ; the northern, sloping to the lake, is considered well adapted to wheat.
The principal streams of the county, flowing to the lake on the E. of the town of Erie, are Four Mile, Six Mile, Twelve Mile, Sixteen Mile and Twenty Mile creeks; west of the town, Wal- nut creek, Trout run, Elk creek, Crooked and Raccoon creeks. Con- neaut creek rises in Crawford co. near Conneaut lake, and flows N. to near Lexington in this county, thence W. into the state of Ohio, and thence N. E. through that state to the lake. The Pennsylvania canal is designed to fol- low the valley of this stream. French creek enters the county from the E. and flows S. W. through it into Craw- ford, receiving Le Boeuf creek, which has its source in Le Boeuf lake, near the town of Waterford. Conneautte lake in Conneautte t-ship, near the S. line of the co. sends forth Conneautte creek. Beside these, there are seve- ral less considerable streams in the co. Lake Pleasant in the S. W. angle of Venango t-ship, supplies a small tribu- tary to French creek. The towns are Erie, Waterford, Burgettstown, Colt's Station, Wattsville, Union Mills, Lex- ington, Fairview, &c. A turnpike road runs from Erie by Waterford, Meadville and Mercer, to Pittsburg, a distance of 136 miles, and the country is intersected in all directions by toler- ably good county roads.
The population of the county is chiefly composed of settlers from the lower part of Penn. and from the New England states. The latter predomi- nates. It amounted in 1800, to 1,468 ; in 1810, to 3,758 ; in 1820, to 8,553 ; nnd 1830, 16,906. Of this number,
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8,776 were white males, 8,018 fe- males ; 62 colored males, and 50 fe- males. There were 33 aliens, 11 deaf and dumb, and 3 blind.
The export trade of the county con- sists of the usual agricultural products, wheat, rye, salted provisions, and cat- tle. The assessors in 1827, reported the number of horses in the county at 2,883; neat cattle, 25,844; sheep, 25,936.
The trade carried on by the lake is now extensive, and grows rapidly. The number of American vessels amounted in 1831, to 69 ; of which 10 were steam boats, and the whole tonnage was 5,024 tons. The Brit- tish vessels at the same period were 17, but their tonnage is not known. A considerable proportion of the bu- siness which employs these vessels, centres in the town of Erie, and a much larger proportion it is presumed will be obtained, when the Pennsylva- nią canal shall be completed. The possession of this trade, comprising that of the parts of New-York, Penn- sylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Huron, In- diana and Illinois, which border on the lake, is an honorable and interest- ing subject of contest between the states of Pennsylvania and New York.
In regard to the greater facility of transportation by the proposed Penn- sylvania canal, the intelligent editor of the " Erie Observer" remarks, 14th May, 1831, " It has often been urged in the legislature and the newspapers of this county, when discussing the propriety of extending the Pennsylva- nia canal to Erie harbor, as originally projected, that natural localities, habit, and the superior facilities of the New York canal, secured the immense trade of the country bordering upon lake Erie and the upper lakes to the city of New York ; and that the attempts to divert it into any other channel, would be vain and useless. In answer to these objections we will waive every other argument, and rest upon the pe- culiar character of the entrance to the New York canal, as containing in it- self, absolute proof that a change of
markets would immediately take place, were our proposed canal completed. The breaking up of the ice in the lake is always preceded by powerful westerly winds. These force the vast bodies of ice which have accumulated in the whole lake during the winter, into Buffalo bay, where it remains un- til dissolved by the sun, or forced from the shore by strong easterly gales, which rarely occur on this lake. Thus Buffalo harbor, the mouth of the great New York canal, is almost always barred up with ice, from five to six weeks after the rest of the lake is in fine navigable condition."
" The first vessel cleared from this port the present season (1831) for the islands, on the 20th March. She might have left sooner, as the ice passed down some days before. After that time, vessels continued to sail be- tween Erie and Detroit, without inter- ruption from the ice. Buffalo harbor, during all this time, was not approach- able within 15 miles, for the reason above mentioned, until the 8th inst. when a steam boat succeeded in for- cing her way out. Here then we have a period of 49 days of good nav- igation to all other ports on the lake, except the important ports which form the entrance to the New York and Welland canals, during which, the mercantile community in this extens- ive region, have been compelled to delay their heavy shipments of pro- duce for an eastern market, a space of time sufficient for them to have re- turned from Philadelphia, and quietly settled their summer arrangements. Nor is this all. For the same diffi- culty attends the merchant trading with New York, late in the fall as early in the spring. This is occa- sioned by the freezing of the canal, from three to six weeks before we have any appearance of ice in the small streams here, or before a canal would freeze between here and Pitts- burg. A glance at the map will plainly shew the cause of this differ- ence."
" When it is considered that remit-
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tances are principally made from the |/and 15 inlots in that town ; also with west in produce ; that the winter is the $2000, proceeds of sale of lots in Erie, and in 1821 by other lots in the town. season in which this is mainly collect- ed, and the great importance it is to The prevailing religious sects are, Episcopalians, German Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic societies. There is an aux- iliary Bible society, tract societies, temperance societies, and Sunday school unions, in the co. Two news- papers, the Erie Gazette, and the Erie Observer, are printed weekly in the borough of Erie. the merchant to be early in market, both on account of saving interest on his investments, and to be prepared as soon as possible for his spring and summer business, it cannot be doubted that the difficulties in getting to New York would turn the entire trade of these great inland seas to Philadelphia, were the first contemplated Pennsyl- vania canal from the Delawareto lake Erie completed."
The correctness of the preceding statement in relation to the effects of the frost, is fully supported by a state- ment furnished by the collector, in the same paper of July 31, showing the exact time when the navigation com- menced between Buffalo and Erie, during the last 29 years ; from which it is obvious that the merchant west of Buffalo cannot calculate upon setting off with his produce before the 15th of May, which is indeed the time usually fixed upon by them. A canal from Erie to Phila. would always be open by the first of April, and oftentimes earlier ; and the navigation between Erie and the ports above is never ob- structed by ice after that time.
The public buildings of the co. con- sist of the U. S. forts at Erie and the buildings at the navy yard, the court house, county offices and prison, an academy at the town of Erie, and an- other at the town of Waterford. The academy at Waterford was incorpora- ted in 1811, and was endowed by the legislat. with 500 acres of land near, and 15 inlots in, the town of Waterford, and in 1816 with 8 other inlots ; and by an act of 24th Feb. 1820, the trus- tees of the academy were authorized to sell the 500 acres, at a price not less than $10 per acre, and required to vest the proceeds in some produc- tive fund, and apply the interest there- of to the compensation of the teachers of the academy. The Erie academy was incorporated in 1817, and was also endowed by the state with 500 acres of land joining the town of Erie,
Erie, Crawford, Mercer, Warren and Venango, form the 18th congres- sional district, sending one member to congress, and represented in the 22d congress by John Banks. This county, with Crawford and Mercer, belongs to the 23d senatorial district, sending one member to the senate, and alone it sends one member to the house of rep- resentatives. United with Venango, Mercer and Crawford counties, it forms the 6th judicial district ; president, Henry Shippen, Esq. The courts are holden at Erie on the first Mondays of April, August, November and Febru- ary. The county belongs to the west- ern district of the supreme court, which holds an annual session at Pitts- burg on the first Monday of Septem- ber. This county paid into the state treas iry in 1831, $1054 85. The value of taxable property in 1829 was, real estate, $1,938,301 ; personal es- tate, including occupations, $284,557. Rate of levy, 26 cents on the $100.
STATISTICAL TABLE OF ERIE COUNTY.
Greatest |Area in Population.|Taxa-
Townships, &c. Lth. Bth.
Acres |1820| 1830.
bles.
Amity,
7
5
22,400
385
52
Beaver Dam,
7
51
24,640
142
443
75
Conneaut,
81
6
32,640
631
1324
214
Conneautte,
7
7
31,360
438
743
132
Concord,
7
5
22,400
53
225
45
Elk Creek,
8
7
35,840
288
562
92
Fairview,
7
23,040
536
1529
255
Greenfield,
6
53
19,200
281
664
79
Harbor Creek,
8
5
25,600
505
554
122
McKean,
7
32,280
440
984
138
Mill Creek,
7
7
24,960
1017
1783
311
North East,
7
6
24,320
895
1520
281
Union,
7
5
22,400
200
235
44
Wayne,
7 7
5
22,400
197
44
Waterford,
5
22,400
579
1006
186
Venango,
6
51
21,120
290
683
108
Bor. of Erie,
635
1329
209
8553. 16,906
2867
51
23,860
555
1104
170
Le Boenf,
19,200 1068
1706
310
Springfield,
8
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Erie, p-t., bor., st. jus. and port of |A little to the right of the town, on a entry of Erie co. Mill Creek t-ship, situate on the shore of Lake Erie, lat. 42° 7' N., lon. W. 3º from W. C. and 333 ms. N. W. from that place, and 272 from Harrisburg, and 80 miles S. S. W. from Buffalo. This is the Presque isle of the French, but stands on the main land, opposite to the penin- sula, from which its name was derived. The best part of the village lies in one street from the harbor, on the road to Waterford. But the ground plan of the town extends three miles along the lake by one mile in breadth. It con- tains about 250 dwellings, and by the census of 1830, 1451 inhabitants, of whom 250 are taxables. The public buildings are, a court-house, offices and prison, an academy, 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Associate Reformed and 1 Epis- copalian church. The academy was incorporated 25th March, 1817, and received a donation of lands from the state. The town was incorporated in 1805. " The spirit of speculation," says the Erie Observer, " which has wrought such wonders along the line of the Erie canal, has never visited this borough. The soil is owned by its occupants, and no part of it is cover- ed with foreign mortgages, no exten- sive business is done on fictitious capi- tal. Our water power is equal to our present wants, and when the canal shall enter lake Erie, it may be in- creased if desired." Tlie town is situa- ted on a bluff, affording a prospect of the bay and the peninsula which forms it, and of the lake beyond. The ba- sin is a fine one ; but the entrance to it has been much obstructed by a sand bar, which the exertions of the general and state governments have in a con- siderable degree removed, and steam vessels now cross it without difficulty.
The peninsula was, within a few years, a sand bank, but is at present covered by young timber. This was, during the late war, an important military and naval station ; since which, the town has not much increased ; but it is sup- posed that the improvement of the har- bor will contribute to its extension.
high bank overlooking the bay, are the remains of the old French fort, overgrown with weeds and thistles, but still distinct in the outlines. Half a mile beyond it (passing a ravine) is the block house, erected during the late war for the protection of the navy yard, on the opposite side of the bay. At this place Perry's fleet was built, with incredible despatch, scarce seven- ty days having elapsed from the time the workinen commenced cutting the timber from the forest, when the squad- ron was ready for action. The young and intrepid victor of Erie is still grate- fully remembered here. At a public dinner given to him and his officers be- fore the battle, he declared that he would return a conqueror, or in his shroud. His victory retrieved the dis- aster of Detroit, finished the war in this quarter and restored tranquillity to the bleeding frontier. The prize vessels now lie sunk in the harbor, near the navy yard. The largest ves- sel is partly above the water and in a decayed state. Near her, is the brig Niagara, in the cabin of which, the gallant commodore wrote his famous despatch, " We have met the enemy and they are ours." The old garrison of Gen. Wayne, in which he died on his return from the Indian wars, still ex- ists, but in a ruinous state. The gen- eral was buried, at his own request, under the flag-staff of the fort. A rude paling and a rough stone long marked his grave ; but his remains have been removed by his relatives.
A turnpike road extends from Erie, by Waterford to Pittsburg, 136 miles. The town has a communication with New-York by means of the lake and the New-York canals ; with Ohio by the lake and the canal of that state ; and will communicate with Philadel- phia by the Pennsylvania canal. From its very advantageous position it would seem destined to become a city of much importance. Large beds of the sul- phate of alumina, compounded with the sulphate of iron, have been found near the town, from which, it is said,
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the alum of commerce may be made. Since the construction of the piers at the entrance of the harbor, by which a deep and safe channel has been form- ed, the water of the lake has been gra- dually wearing away the neck of the peninsula at the head of the basin, and has formed a channel 72 ft. in depth, through which schooners and steam- boats have passed, and which is ex- pected to become deep enough to ad- mit the largest vessels on the lakes. Six miles is gained to vessels up and down and touching at this port, by this passage.
Erwinna, p-t. on the r. Delaware, 37 ms. N. of Phila. in Bucks co. about 15 ms. from Doylestown, 186 from W. C. 122 from Harrisburg.
Espytown, p-t. Columbia co. 188 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 78 from Harris- burg, on the W. bank of the Susque- hannah r. on the road from Danville to Berwick, 12 ms. from the former, contains 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 ta- vern.
Ettinger's tavern, p-o. Pokono t-ship, Northampton eo. ; there are here 2 dwellings, a grist and saw mill.
Eulalia, t-ship, Potter co. embraces a considerable part of the co. is very thinly inhabited, containing about 300 souls, a considerable portion of whom are almost in the hunter state, and de- pendent upon the wild animals of the forest for subsistence. The t-ship is drained by the E. branch of the Sin- nemahoning and its tributaries. Its surface is hilly ; soil, vegetable mould and gravelly loam. Taxables in 1828, 59.
Evansburg, p-t. and village of Lower Providence t-ship, Montgomery co. on the Germantown and Perkiomen turn- pike road, 7 ms. from Norristown and 24 from Phila. It contains some 15 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 taverns, a mill and a school house.
Evansburg, p-t. of Crawford co. 305 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 250 from Harrisburg.
Evansburg, Butler co. Cranberry t-ship, on the old Franklin road, 23 ins. from Pittsburg, 4 E. of Harmony,
and 12 E. of Butler. Breakneck er. runs immediately S. of it. This town was laid out in Oct. 1831. There are consequently but few houses in it.
Evit's creek, Cumberland Valley t- ship, runs S. the whole extent of the t-ship into the state of Maryland.
Evit's mountain, Bedford co. rises in Maryland, N. of the Potomac, and runs into Bedford co. to the Raystown branch of the Juniata r. dividing Cum- berland Valley and Bedford t-ships from Southampton and Coleraine t- ships. Its length in the state is about 18 ms.
Exeter, t-ship, Berks co. bounded N. and E. by Oley, S. by Union and Robeson, S. E. by Cumru, E. and N. by Alsace. Greatest length 42, by 4} in breadth ; surface, undulating, and on the N. W. hilly ; soil, red gravel, not very productive. Pop. in 1810, 1194; in 1820, 1416, in 1830, 1455 ; taxables 291. The Manokesy creek crosses the N. E. corner of the t-ship, and Roush creek enters it on the N. W. and passes through the t-ship by a southern course to the Schuylkill. The Neversink mtn. and other eleva- ted hills, mark the western boundary. The Perkiomen and Reading turnpike runs a N. W. course through it for about 6 miles. It has a church, com- mon to Presbyterians and Lutherans. Exetertown, a small village, lies on the turnpike road, 8 miles from Reading and near the eastern boundary line ; it contains about half a dozen houses, 1 tavern and 1 store.
Exeter, t-ship, Luzerne co. bounded N. by the Susquehannah r. and falls, E. and S. E. by Providence and Pittston t-ships, S. W. by Kingston, and N. W. by Northmoreland .-- Greatest length N. and S. 101, great- est breadth N. E. and S. W. 9 miles. Its form is very irregular ; area 25, 600 acres ; its timber consists of pine, oak, hickory, and chestnut. Its sur- face is very uneven ; part of its soil is excellent, and most of it may be eulti -- tivated. The southern angle of this township ineludes part of Abraham's Plains, the celebrated battle ground of
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the 3d July, 1778, where the military || quehannah, and W. by Hepburn t-ship; force of the valley, under the com- centrally distant N. E. from Williams- port 9 ms. greatest length and breadth 7 miles; area 27,520 acres; surface mountainous, valleys and river bottom. Pop. in 1830, 600; taxables 135. Carpenter's run flows on the E. and Loyalsock creek on the W. boundary; each receives tributaries from the t-ship, from which also, some other but smaller streams flow into the river. There is a post office at Carpenter's mills. Valuation of taxable property in 1829, seated lands, &c., $59,651, unseated lands, 3553; personal prop- erty 5914, rate of tax 2 of one per cent. mand of colonels Butler and Denison, were drawn into an ambuscade, and literally cut to pieces by the Indians and Tories, under the command of the British colonel, Butler, and the Indian chief, Brandt. Near the battle ground stood a fort called Wintermoot's, after a notorious, blood-thirsty and ferocious tory of that name, who claimed the adjacent land. The battle ground is within a mile of the northern extremi- ty of the valley, and about 10 ms. by the road N. E. from Wilkesbarre. Subscriptions have recently been soli- cited throughout the valley, for the purpose of erecting a monument to the Fairfield, a village of Hamilton-ban t-ship, Adams co. about 10 miles S. W. of Gettysburg, contains 40 dwell- ings, 2 stores, 2 taverns, and 2 churches. memory of those who fell in that disas- trous battle. The object is praise- worthy, and it is hoped will not fail of being accomplished. The great stage road and turnpike from Wilkesbarre Fairfield, a small hamlet, of Dru- more t-ship, Lancaster co. near the S. E. boundary, and at the head of a creek of the same name, which flows into the Susquehannah river. to Montrose passes through Exeter and over the battle ground. Beside the Susquehannah r. which laves its north- ern, eastern and southern boundary, it is drained by Sutton's creek, which flows from Dallas and Northmoreland t-ships N. E. into the r. by Gardner's creek and Cascade run, and by several less considerable streams. The Shaw- ney range of mtns. passes through it, and covers a large portion of its sur- face. Anthracite coal is found on the east side of the mtns. Dial Knob, a distinguished eminence on the E. side of the river, is 1125 feet high. Exe- ter p-o. is situated on the turnpike road about a mile N. of Sutton's creek, dis- tant 237 miles from W. C. and 129 from Harrisburg. Pop. in 1830, 767 ; taxables in 1828, 144.
Factoryville, p-o. Luzerne county, Braintrim t-ship, 250 ms. from W. C. and 142 from Harrisburg.
Fairdale, p-t. of Rush t-ship, Sus- quehannah co. upon Lake crcek, 8 ms. S. W. of Montrose, 273 from W. C. and 162 from Harrisburg, contains 3 or 4 dwellings and a mill.
Fairfield, t-ship, Lycoming co. bounded N. by Elkland t-ship, E. by Muncy t-ship, S. by the river Sus-
Fairfield, p-t. Hamilton-ban town- ship, Adams co. in a fork of Middle creek, about 8 miles S. W. of Gettys- burg, distant 84 miles from W. C. and 42 from Harrisburg.
Fairfield, West, p-t. of Fairfield t-ship, Westmoreland co. 23 miles E. of Greensburg 184 from W. C. and 161 from Harrisburg, contains 7 dwell- ings, 2 taverns, 1 store.
Fairfield, t-ship Westmoreland co. bounded N. E. by the Conemaugh r. S. E. by Laurel Hill, S. W. by Ligo- nier t-ship, and N. W. by Chestnut Ridge. Centrally distant E. from Greensburg 22 miles; greatest length 12, breadth 10 miles; area 55,680 acres; surface chiefly valley; soil, limestone and loam. Pop. in 1830, 2422. The post town of Bolivar, and the village of Lockport on the river, in the N. E. angle of the t-slup, and the village of West Fairfield, is cen- trally situated in the t-ship. The streams which flow from the t-ship in- to the river are Gavode run, Hen- dick's run, Tubmill creek, and Roar-
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ing run, each of which have a course of about 10 or 12 miles.
Fairmont, p-o. Lancaster co. 117 ms. from W. C. and 43 from Harrisburg.
Fairview, t-ship, Erie eo. bounded N. by lake Erie, E. by mill cr. and MeKean t-ships, S. by Elk Cr. t-ship, and W. by Springfield. Centrally dis- tant from the bor. of Erie S. W. 11 ms. greatest length 8, breadth 7 ms. area 23,040 acres ; surface hilly ; soil gravel- ly loam. Pop. in 1830, 1529; taxables 255. Walnut er. crosses the N. E. an- gle of the t-ship, and Elk cr. flows thro' the S. part. The post town of Fair- view lies on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Walnut creek, about 9 miles S. W. of the borough of Erie, 349 from W. C. and 279 from Harrisburg.
Fairview, a small village of Manor t-ship, Lancaster co. on the Susque- hannah river, about 9 miles W. of the city of Lancaster.
Fairview, t-ship, York co. bounded N. and N. E. by the co. of Cumber- land, E. by the Susquehannah river, S. by Newberry and Warrington t-ships, and E. by Menohan t-ship. Centrally distant N. W. from the borough of York 17 miles; greatest length 9, breadth 7 miles; area 18,500 acres; surface partly hilly ; soil part lime- stone, part gravel. Pop. 1830, 1885 ; taxables 369; taxable property 1829, real estate, $261,267, personal 14,025 occupations &c. 27,333, total 302,625, rate, 25 ets. in the $100. The Yel- low Breeches creek courses it on the N. W. and N., Fishing and Newber- ry creek drain it on the S. E. The post town of New Market lies at the confluence of the first creek, with the Susquehannah, opposite to Cumberland town, three miles below which is Simpson's ferry, across the river.
Fairview, town, East Pennsborough t-ship, Cumberland co. at the conflu- ence of the Conedogwinit ereek with the Susquehannah, 2 miles above Har- risburg, and 14 N. E. from Carlisle, contains 6 or 7 dwellings.
Fairview, small village of Butler co. contains some half dozen dwellings, a tavern and a store.
Fallowfield, t-ship, Washington co. bounded N. by Nottingham t-ship and the Monongahela river, E. by that river which separates it from West- moreland co., S. by Pike run t-ship, and W. by Somerset. Centrally dis- tant from Washington borough E. 17 miles ; greatest length and breadth 7 miles; area 22,400 acres; surface very hilly ; soil, loam; coal abundant. Pop. in 1830, 2142; taxables 383. The t-ship is drained on the N. by Pig- eon, and on the S. by Maple creek. The town of Columbia lies on, and in, a deep bend of the river, distant 21 miles from Washington. Williams- port, also a post town, is likewise on the river, at the junction of the N. line of the t-ship with the stream, and on the N. bank of Pigeon creek.
Fallowfield, t-ship Crawford co. sur- face hilly; soil, gravelly. Pop. in 1830, 686; taxables in 1828, 222.
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