USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 13
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United with Westmoreland, Cam- bria, and Indiana, this co. forms the tenth judicial district, over which John Young, Esq. presides. The courts are holden in Kittaning, on the third Mondays of March, June, September and December.
The co. belongs to the western dis- trict of the supreme court, the session of which is holden at Pittsburg on the first Monday in September annually.
United with Indiana, Jefferson, Ve- nangoandWarren, it forms the 24th sc- natorial district of the state, and sends one senator, and sends alone one rep- resentative to the assembly. Con- nected with Allegheny, Beaver and
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Butler, it forms the sixteenth congres- ||sell at the works at $2 12 the barrel. sional district.
The public buildings of the co. con- sist of a court house, offices of brick, and a prison of stone, an academy in- corporated in 1821, to which the le- gislature granted the sum of $2000.
The trade of the co. consists of the usual agricultural staples, and of salt and iron. For the manufacture of the last there are three furnaces. Bear creek furnace, on Bear creek, in the N. W. corner of the co. owned by H. Baldwin, Esq. said to be the largest in the U. S. at which 40 tons of metal have been made per week. Alleghe- ny furnace on the W. side of the Alle- gheny r. about two miles above Kit- tanning, making about 14 tons of metal weekly. It belongs to A. McNickle. The third, near the Kiskiminitas r. and the Pa. canal, belongs to J. W . Biddle, and makes about 15 tons weekly. There are no forges in the co. The pigs are sent by the canal to Pitts. burg, where they meet with ready sale. There are now 24 salt works in operation in this county, which make at least 65,500 barrels of salt, 5 bushels to the barrel, annually, which
Twenty additional works, it is sup- posed, will be in operation in August 1832. To obtain a supply of salt water, the eartlı is commonly per- forated to the depth of 400 feet and sometimes of 700 feet. In this penetration, the auger is driven by steam, horse, or hand power, at an ex- pense of $2 per foot, when the depthi does not exceed 500 feet ; but over that depth, at $3 the foot. The fuel commonly used for evaporation is coal, and in some cases it may be thrown from the beds into the fur- nace.
The best improved lands sell at from $12 to $20 the acre ; and unimproved from $1 to $6.
The receipts of the co. for co. pur- poses were, in 1828, $8808; expences $6759, in which were included $9 53 for teaching poor children ! and $36 25 for wolf and panther scalps. The co. paid into the state
treasury, in 1831, for tax
on writs
182 25
Tavern licenses 234 08
$416 33
STATISTICAL TABLE OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY.
Townships.
Greatest Lth. Bth.
Area in Acres.
Face of country.
Population. 1810| 1820
1830
Tax- ables.
Valua- tion.
Un- seated
Pers.
* Allegheny t-ship
13
10
53,760
820
1443
2966
602
122,193
11,382 21,081
Buffalo
13
10
41,000
Hilly. Gentle hills. Do. Hilly.
1150
1597
2458
429
107,858
10,375
16,414
Clarion
135
12
68,480
Kittaning
174
7
51,200
1197 309
318
526 853
157
41,294
9,460
9,331
Plumb creek
12
40,960
Do.
1340
1456
262
71,226
10,253 14,302
Redbank
15
12,
81,920
Do.
943
2012
1660
293
57,116 /26,180
12,054
Toby
17
46,080
Do. Hilly.
611
1156
1362
363
86,137
16,351
15,445
Sugar creek
12
11호 57,600
1113
1482
1870
344
84,771
6,209
17,311
Wayne
11
7}| 46,080
Undulating.
878
153
34,545 19,645
7,147
*Kiskiminitas, gheny in 1831
taken from Alle-
Hilly.
6143| 10,324 17,625
3259
38,045
8,015
7,550
Perry
8
7
24,960
Part hilly, rolling.
976
1629
281
75,624
15,626
18,426
Kittaning bor.
123
91,218
11,060
16,536
2067
340
·
Rate of tax 5 mills on the dollar.
Armstrong creek and valley, Hali- fax t-ship, Dauphin co. S. of Berry's mtn. about 18 ms. N. of Harrisburg. The creek has a S. W. course of about 12 or 13 ms. and empties into the Susquehannalı r. about a mile above the village of Halifax. The valley and creek branch around a spur of Ber- ry's mtn.
Armstrong t-ship, Ind. co. bound- ed N. E. by Washington t-ship, S. E. by Centre, S. W. by Conemaugh t-ships, and N. W. by Armstrong co. Centrally distant W. from the borough of Ind. 7 ms. Greatest length 6}, breath 61. Area, 23,120 acres ; surface level; soil, clay and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 814 ; taxables, 161. It
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is drained by Crooked creek, which flows W. through it.
Asylum, t-ship, Bradford co. bound- ed N. and N. E. by the Susquehan- nah r. E. by Luzerne co. S. by Al- bany t-ship, and W. by Monroe t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. of Towanda about 12 ms. Greatest length 13, breadth 72 ms. Area, 33,280 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 529; taxables 91. It is drained by Duvals creek on the N. Sugar creek on the E. a branch of the Big Mahoney on the S. E. and Tow- anda creek on the S. W. and several less considerable streams. The rap- id in the Susquehannah r. known as Wyalussing Falls, is in the E. part of the t-ship. £ French town lies in the extreme N. E. angle of the t-ship, in a deep bend of the Susquehanah r. There is a p-o. in the t-ship called Asylum, 248 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 137 from Harrisburg.
Aston, t-ship, Delaware co. bound- ed N. E. by Middleton, S. E. by Ches- ter, S. and S. W. by Upper Chiches- ter and W. by Concord. Central dis- tance W. from Philadelphia 20 ms. Length 43, breadth, 21. Area, 6400. Chester Creek runs along the eastern boundary and Painter's creek crosses into it near the middle of the t-ship. Log t. and Village Green, are villages within it. Surface, level ; soil, fertile loam. Pop. in 1830, 1070 ; taxables in 1828, 224.
Attleborough, p-t. of Middletown t-ship, Bucks co. on the road leading from Bristol to Easton, where the road from Trenton to Norristown crosses the same, is situated on a piece of high rich table land, 6 ms. from the Dela- ware r. 1 from Neshamony r. 7 from Bristol, 9 from Trenton, 20 from Phil- adelphia, 16 from Doylestown and 125 from Harrisburg. It is one of the most beautiful, healthy and pleasant situations in the county, having a com- manding view of the surrounding coun- try for 15 or 20 miles. The wa- ter is excellent, the air pure, and through the past sickly seasons, this village lias been exempt from disease.
Within a mile of the town are two chalybeate springs, having the usual qualities of such healthful fountains. The village contains from 80 to 100 dwellings and about 600 inhabitants, -4 places of public worship, viz : 2 Quaker, 1 Methodist, and 1 African ; an extensive tannery and currying es- tablishment, 1 tavern, 2 dry goods stores, 1 iron store, 3 apothecaries, 2 able physicians, 2 confectionaries, 2 coach making establishments, at one of which the business has been conduct- ed very extensively in all its branch- es for many years; 4 wheelwrights or wagon makers, who do a large bu- siness ; and also, other mechanics, such as smiths, carpenters, joiners, turners, cordwainers, tailors weavers, coopers, painters, &c. &c. and a brick yard, at which a large business is done. Two daily stages pass through the town to Easton, one from Philadelphia and the other from Bristol, both profit- able to the proprietors and accommo- dating to travellers. The country around Attleborough is much improv- ed, the land of the first quality, in a high state of cultivation and very pro- ductive.
Athens, t-ship, Bradford co. bound- N. by the state of New-York, E. by Litchfield t-ship, S. by Orwell, Wya- lussing, Sheshequin, Ulster and Smith- field t-ships. Centrally distant N. of Towanda 13 ms. Greatest length 14, breadth 61 ms. Area, 38,400 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly clay. Pop. in 1830, 1253; taxables, 190. The Susquehannah r. enters the t-ship from the N. E. and the Tioga r. from the N. W. The rivers approach each other within a mile near the town of Athens; below that town they diverge, widening the distance between them, to about a mile and a half, but unite about 2 miles above the S. line of the t-ship, forming the Presqu'il of Tioga Point. These rivers receive from the t-ship several considerable creeks. The village of Athens is a p-t. 143 ms. N. W. from Harrisburg, and contains 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. and an acad- emy incorporated on the 22d March,
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1813, with a donation of $2,000. Over the Tioga r. there is erected a bridge, completed in 1820, 450 feet long, 28 wide, resting on 4 stone piers, at a cost of $5,500. The town was incorporated 29th March, 1831.
Athens, p-t. Bradford co. (See the preceding article.)
Athens, t-ship, Crawford co. Pop. in 1830, 121.
Auburn, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by Rush, E. by Spring- ville t-ships, S. by Braintrim t-ship, Luzerne co. and W. by Wyalussing t-ship, Bradford co. Its greatest length E. and W. is 8 ms .; greatest breadth, N. and S. 6 ms. Area, 30,- 720 acres. It is watered by Tusca- rora creek, Little Meshoppen creek and the west and middle branches of the Great Meshoppen creek, which flow southwardly to the Susquehannah r. Surface, rolling ; soil, clay and gravel. Pop. in 1820, 208, in 1830, 516 ; taxables, by return of 1828, 65.
Augusta, t-ship, Northumberland co. bounded N. and W. by the Susque- hannah r. E. by Rush and Shamokin t-ships, and S. by Lower Mahanoy and Little Mahanoy t-ships. Greatest length 10, greatest breadth 8 miles. Area 37,120 acres. Surface diversi- fied ; soil, alluvial, red shale and grav- el. Pop. in 1830, 2,131. Taxables, 450. The Mahanoy mountain bounds it on the S. and the Shamokin Hills cover the N. E. It is drained by the Great and Little Shamokin creeks, which unite about a mile E. of Sunbury, and flow thence S. W. in- to the Susquehannah r. The Pottsville and Sunbury turnpike road crosses to the latter town, lying on the Susque- hannah r. immediately below the con- fluence of the N. and W. branches. Sunbury, post and county town, is in this township, and there is also a post office called Augusta.
Aughwick creeks, Great and Little, and Aughwick valley; the Little Augh- wick rises in Dublin t-ship, Hunting- don co. and flows S. 9 miles into Bed- ford co. thence N. W. into Spring- field t-ship, Huntingdon co. about 5
/ms. to the Great Aughwick. It is navigable for canoes to about 7 ms. from its mouth. The Great Augh- wick rises in Dublin t-ship, Bedford co. and flows N. W. through the Great Aughwick valley 26 ms. by a comparative course into the Juniata r. about 3 ms. above Hamiltonville. It is navigable for boats, about 18 ms. to the mouth of the Little Aughwick.
Aurora, p-o. Bucks co. 173 ms. from W. C. and 87 from Harris- burg.
Bacharts run, West Penn t-shir, Schuylkill co. a tributary of Lizzard creek, rising in the Blue mountain.
Bainbridge, a p-t. of West Donne- gal t-ship, Lancaster co. on the Sus- quehannah r. about 20 ms. N. W. of the city of Lancaster, 103 N. of W. C. and 18 S. of Harrisburg.
Bairdstown, Derry t-ship, Westmore- land co. on the left bank of the Con- nemaugh r. and on the turnpike road from Ebensburg to Pittsburg, 17 ms. N. E. of Greensburg, and opposite to Blairsville, contains 25 or 30 dwell- ings, 2 taverns and a store.
Bakertown, p-o. Allegheny co. 239 ms. N. W. from W. C. 217 W. of Harrisburg.
Bake oven knob, a distinguished em- inence of the Blue Ridge in Keidel- burg t-ship, Lehigh co.
Bald Eagle, t-ship, Lycoming co. bounded W. and N. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah r. E. by Wayne t-ship, and S. by Centre co. Central- ly distant from Williamsport S. W. 25 ms. Greatest length 7, breadth 2 ms. Area, 3840 acres ; surface, lev- el ; soil, alluvial. Taxable pop. in 1830, 69. The p-o. of the t-ship is distant N. W. 214 ms. from Washing- ton and 107 from Harrisburg. The taxable property in 1829 consisted of seated lands valued at $22,417; per- sonal estate 3,166. Amount of tax levied $191 86; rate of levy 2 of 1 per cent.
Bald Eagle mountain, between the main branch of the Susquehannah and the west branch, separating Northum- berland and Columbia counties from
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Lycoming co. and extending N. E. into Luzerne co.
Bald Eagle mountain, Pittston t-ship, Luzerne co. E. of Jacob's mtn. and W. of Chestnut hill.
Bald Eagle, t-ship, Centre co. bounded N. E. by Lycoming co. S. E. by Amar t-ship, S. W. by Howard t-ship and N. W. by Lycoming co. Centrally distant N. from Bellefonte 16 ms. Greatest length 25, breadth 7 ms. Area, 68,480 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, valleys limestone, mountains, slate ; pop. in 1830, 835 ; taxables, 153. The Bald Eagle creek flows N. E. through the t-ship along the N. side of the Muney hills into the west branch of the Susquehannah, re- ceiving from the t-ship, along the S. W. line, Beach creek, upon the bank of which, salt has been discovered. The main ridge of the Allegheny fills the interior of the t-ship, from which Tungascootae creek flows N. E. into the river. The town of New Provi- dence is in the N. E. angle of the t-ship, near which is a furnace.
Bald Eagle mountain, Bald Eagle creek and valley ; a ridge of the Alle- gheny takes the name of Bald Eagle mountain, upon the confines of Hun- tingdon and Centre cos. N. E. of the Juniata r. and running N. E. about 30 ms. to Miles' borough, takes the name of Muny hills, under which it runs the same course about 24 ms. to the west branch of the Susquehannah at Dunnstown. The Bald Eagle creek rises in Centre co. and runs along the N. foot of the ridge, about 50 ms. to the river. It is a large stream and navigable for boats above Milesboro'. Bald Eagle valley, through which the creek flows, is bounded N. W. by the main Allegheny ridge. The valley is about 5 ms. wide, the width vary- ing little in its whole length. The soil is limestone, rich and productive.
Bald Eagle valley, Huntingdon co. (Sce "Sinking valley.")
Bald Ridge, Lausanne t-ship, North- ampton co. a continuation of the Spring mtn. The river Lehigh di- vides it from the l'ohopoko mountain.
Baldwin, p-o. Butler co. 249 ms. from W. C. and 209 from Harrisburg.
Barnetts run, Belfast t-ship, Bedford co. a tributary of the N. branch of the Conoloway creek.
Barre, t-ship, Huntingdon co. bound- ed N. by Centre co. E. by Mifflin, S. and W. by West t-ship. Centrally distant N. E. from Huntingdon bo- rough 13 ms. Greatest length 12}, breadth 11} ms. Area, 48,640 acres; surface, mountainous, with fruitful limestone valleys. Pop. in 1830, 1770; taxables in 1828, 367. The t-ship is drained by Standing Stone and Sliav- er's creeks. Stone mtn. is on the S. E. and Tussey's mtn. on the N. E. boundary. Ennisville p-t. is central- ly situated in the t-ship, 170 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 93 S. W. of Har- risburg. The t-ship contained in 1828, 4 grist mills, 18 saw mills, 3 distilleries, 2 fulling mills and 1 tan yard.
Barren hill, p-o. and village of Whitemarsh t-ship, Montgomery co. 7 ms. S. E. of Norristown, 148 N. E. of W. C. and 93 S. E. from Harris- burg, on and between the Chesnut hill and Perkiomen turnpike, and the Ridge turnpike roads, which here ap- proach within the 8th of a mile of each other. There are around the hill, in detached clusters, about 30 dwellings, 4 taverns and 2 stores. The Luther- an church, an old and much noted place of worship, stands on the crown of the hill. This hill, composed of sandstone and sterile yellow loam, once well merited the name it bears, but the judicious use of lime and sta- ble manure is fast changing its surface into rich and luxuriant clover fields.
Barrville, a village of Buckingham t-ship, Bucks co. on the road from Willow Grove to Centreville, about 3 ms. S. E. of Doylestown. It contains some 4 or 5 dwellings.
Barry, t-ship, Schuylkill co. bound- ed on the N. E. by Schuylkill t-ship, S. by Norwegian t-ship, S. W. by Lower Mahantango t-ship, N. W. |by upper Mahantango t-ship, Cumber- land and Columbia cos. Its form is
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very irregular ; its greatest length is about 14 ms. and greatest breadth 6 ms. and it contains about 38,000 acres. The several ridges of the Mahanoy and spurs of the Broad mountains cover its surface, but the intervening valleys have a soil of red shale and are toler- ably fruitful. In one of these valleys to the S. E. flows Deep creek, in two others the Great and Little Mahanoy creeks, all of which are tributaries of the Susquehannah, whilst the west branch of the Schuylkill, which pours its waters into the Delaware, winds its way through the Broad mountain, and falls at the t-ship line in a beau- tiful cascade of 50 feet pitch. The
turnpike road from Reading to Sunbu- ry and Danville, crosses the t-ship. The Mahanoy and the Broad mtns. abound with anthracite coal. Pop. in 1830, 443 ; taxables in 1828, 73.
Bart, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. by Strasburg, E. by Sadsbury, S. by Coleraine and Drumore, and W. by Martick. Centrally distant from Lancaster city about 14 ms. S. E. Length 7, breadth 52 ms. Area, 19,027 acres. The N. branch of Octarara creek runs S. through the t-ship, upon a tributary of which is a furnace and several mills, and there are also some mills on the main stream. There are altogether 5 grist mills and 3 saw mills in the t-ship. Mine Ridge, a lofty chain of hills, encircles the t-ship on the W. and N. in which cop- per has been discovered, but the mines are not wrought. There is a p-o. in the t-ship, called Bart, 110 ms. from W. C. and 54 from Harrisburg. Sur- face, rolling ; soil, limestone and clay. Pop. in 1830, 1750 ; taxables, 329.
Bath, p-t. Northampton co. on the road from Easton to the Lehigh Water Gap, 11 ms. from the former, 200 from W. C. 107 from Harrisburg, contains 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 tavern, 2 grist mills, 1 tannery, 120 inhabitants. The Manockissy creek runs through the town.
Beach Grove, p-o. Salem t-ship, Lu- zerne co. on the river Susquehannah, 18 or 20 miles from Wilkesbarre 5
from Berwick, 203 from W. C. 95 from Harrisburg. The place takes its name from Mr. Nathan Beach, an active and distinguished citizen of the county.
Beach creek, Centre co. rises in Bogg t-ship, and flows N. E. along and through the main ridge of the Alle- gheny and Howard t-ship, and falls into the Bald Eagle creek, having a course of about 30 ms.
Beallsville, fine p-t. on the U. S. road, Washington co. 8 ms. W. from Brownsville, and 17 E. from Washing. ton, the co. town, on the boundary line between Pike run, and E. Bethlehem t-ships, 218 ms. N. W. from Washing- ton, and 206 ms. S. W. from Harris- burg ; contains about 50 dwellings, 5 stores, and 3 taverns.
Bean's cove, a short and fertile val- ley of Southampton t-ship, Bedford co. between Flint Stone Ridge and Tussey's mtn.
Bear run, Cumberland t-ship, Adam's co. a tributary of Rock creek.
Bear creek, Little Towamensing t-ship, Northampton co. rises on the S. side of the Broad mtn. and flows a S. W. course of about 5 ms. along the foot of the mtn. into the r. Lehigh, about 2 ms. above Lausanne.
Bear t-ship, Venango co. the cx- treme N. E. of the co. bounded N. by Warren co. E. by Jefferson co. S. by Saratoga t-ship, and W. by Hickory t-ship. Centrally distant, N. E. 32 mis. from the borough of Franklin. Greatest length 7, breadth 6 ms. Area, 26,880 acres; surface hilly. Soil, gravelly loam. The t-ship is not organized, and is almost unin- habited. It is annexed to Teonista t-ship. The Teonista ereck crosses the t-ship diagonally from N. E. to S. W. and receives from it Bear, Lit- tle, Coon, Ross, and Sughanale creeks.
Bear creek, a fine stream of Lu- zerne co. rising between the Bald mtn. and Chesnut hill, and flowing S. into the Lehigh above Pompion Falls. For a part of its course it forms the boundary between Covington and Wilkesbarre t-ships.
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Beard's mill creek, a tributary of Armstrong, and W. by Richland the Wyalussing creek, rises in Bridge- water t-ship, Susquehannah co. and flows into the Susquehannah r. near the W. boundary of the t-ship. It has two branches, mill streams, but not navigable.
Beaver Dam t-ship, Erie co. bound- ed N. by Harbor creek t-ship, E. by Greenfield and Venango t-ships, S. by Waterford t-ship, and E. by Mill creek, and Mckean t-ships. Cen- trally distant S. E. from Erie borough 7 ms. Greatest length 7, breadth 51 ms. Area, 24,640 acres; surface, rolling. Soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 443; taxables 75. The t-ship is drained W. by Walnut creek, N. W. by Mill creek, and S. by Le Bœuf creek.
Beaver t-ship, Crawford co .; pop. in 1830, 185.
Beaver creek, a tributary of the Co- newago, which forms part of the boundary line between York and Adams cos.
Beaver Dam run, Westmoreland co. rises in Salem t-ship, and flows N. through Washington t-ship into the Kiskiminitas r. having a course of about 15 ms.
Beaver lake, Covington t-ship, Lu- zerne co. a small sheet of water, about 4 ms. W. of the Lehigh r. which dis- charges itself into that stream by Pond creek.
Beaver creek, Lancaster co. rises in Bart t-ship, and flows N. W. across Martic t-ship, into the Pequa creek. It divides Martic from Strasburg t-ship.
Beaver creek, Little, also a tributary of Pequa creek, rises in Strasburg t-ship, and has a course S. W. about 5 ms.
Beaver creek, Beaver t-ship, Union co. a tributary of Little Mahoniely or Middle creek, flowing through Mo- ser's valley on the N. side of Black Oak Ridge.
Beaver creek, t-ship, Venango co. bounded N. by Elk creek t-ship, E. by Paint creek t-ship, S. and S. E. by Toby's creek, which separates it from
t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from the borough of Franklin 20 ms. Greatest length 11, breadth 9 ms. Area, 44,800 acres; surface, rolling. Soil, chiefly limestone. Pop. in 1830, 460; taxables, 115. It is drained S. by Beaver creek, Canoe run, and Deer Paint creek, all which empty into To- by's creek, upon which there are se- veral salt springs, and some salt works.
Beavertown, p-t. of Beaver t-ship, Union co. in Moser's valley, 10 ms. S. W. of New Berlin, 169 N. W. from Washington, and 59 from Har- risburg. It contains 15 dwellings, 1 store, and 1 tavern.
Beaver, South, t-ship of Beaver co. bounded N. by Little Beaver t-ship, E. by Chippewa, S. by Ohio t-ships, and W. by the state of Ohio. Cen- trally distant N. E. from Beaver borough 10 ms. Greatest length 7, breadth 52 ms. Area, 17,920 acres ; surface, hilly. Soil, limestone, and loam of the first quality. Pop. in 1830, 829 ; taxables, 174. The t-ship is watered by Little Beaver and Brush crecks.
Beaver t-ship, Union co. bounded N. by Jack's mtn. which separates it from Hartley t-ship, E. by Centre t-ship, S. by Shade's mtn. dividing it from Per- ry t-ship and Mifflin co. and E. by Mifflin co. Centrally distant from New Berlin 13 ms. Greatest length 12, breadth 8 ms. Area, 51,840 acres ; surface, diversified. Soil, chiefly limestone. Pop. in 1830, 2280; taxables, 359. Little Maho- nielly or Middle creek runs E. through the t-ship, receiving from it Beaver and Swift creeks. Beavertown and Adamsburg lie N. of Black Oak Ridge. The former is a p-t. 169 ms. from W. C. and 59 from Harrisburg.
Beaver, big, t-ship, Beaver co. bounded N. by N. Beaver t-ship, N. E. and E. by Beaver r. S. by Chippewa t-ship, and W. by Little Beaver. Centrally distant N. W. from Beaver borough 12 ms. Greatest length, 7, breadth 5 ms. Area, 17,280
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acres ; surface, hilly. Soil, loam and limestone of excellent quality. Pop. in 1830, 1243; taxables, 223. The t-ship is drained by a branch of Bea- ver creek. Salt is found upon the bank of Beaver r.
Beaver p-t. borough, and st. jus. of Beaver co. situated on the Ohio r. about a mile below the confluence of the Beaver r. with that stream, 251 ms. from W. C. and 229 from Harrisburg ; contains about 150 dwellings, several stores and taverns, brick court-house, and county offices, stone prison, an academy, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Me- thodist church. There are two weekly papers printed here, viz. " The Re- publican," by Andrew Logan, and " The Argus," by William Hurry. The town is seated in a rich alluvial bottom, and within a mile of the route of the state canal, and possesses at- tractive facilities and prospects of bu- siness.
Beaver meadow, Lausanne t-ship, Northampton co. a vast mountain mo- rass, partly reclaimed to agriculture, which has doubtless received its name from the inhabitants which once oc- cupied it. There is upon it at present a solitary house. The tract is bound- ed S. by Spring, and N. by the Little Spring mtn. and is situated 14 ms. from Mauch Chunk by the Berwick turnpike road, and 1} ms. W. of the road. This secluded spot has risen into consideration, by the quantity and quality of anthracite coal which it contains. The mine was opened in 1813, by Mr. Beach of Salem, on the Susquehannah r. who sold 550 acres of the tract to Joseph Barnes of Phi- ladelphia, who has since conveyed it to a company, incorporated by an act of assembly passed in April, 1830, and authorized to construct a rail road to intersect any rail road leading to the Schuylkill ; and also a rail road to the river Lehigh, terminating above Mauch Chunk, with a capital of $250,000. By a supplement passed April, 1831, the company was autho- rized to increase the capital stock to $800,000, and to continue the rail road
down the valley of the Lehigh to any point on that river or to Easton. The company has been organized, but has not commenced operations. The cost of a rail road by the Lehigh route to Easton, by the report of the engineer, is estimated at $12,636 per mile, and the length of the road at 65 miles ; and the cost of transportation is rated at $2 81 per ton at Philadelphia. The length of the rail road communicating with the canal at Mauch Chunk will be 18 miles. The coal of the Beaver meadow is universally regarded as the best quality. The mine is in the side of the hill ; there is no roof, or only a thin one ; it is worked open to the day, like a quarry, is already fairly dis- closed, and there is no apparent impe- diment to obtaining any quantity de- sired. Smiths come from a great dis- tance to obtain this coal, because it is so free from sulphur, and in every re- spect so good.
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