USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 49
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LUZ
257
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chain of communication to connect the Delaware and North branch divisions of the Pennsylvania canal, and the line between the Hudson and Susque- hannah, by means of the Orange and Sussex canal. The design of these projects is to penetrate the Wyoming coal region ; but it can scarce be ex- pected that they will be completed whilst a full supply of anthracite can be obtained from sources nearer to market and yielding it at a cheaper rate. Authority has also been given for improving the communication by Lackawannock valley, either by dam- ming the Lackawannock river, by ma- king a canal, or by a rail-road ; thus to open a way for the Lackawannock coal, to market by the Susquehannah, and to give the mines in the S. W. part of the valley the advantage of the improvements of the Hudson and Dela- ware navigation and coal company. The distance from Carbondale to the Susquehannah at the mouth of the Lackawannock is about 23 ms. An act of assembly has authorized the in- corporation of a company to make a rail-road from the Carbondale mines to the mouth of the Chenango river on the Susquehannah.
The improvement for transportation of coal, &c. of the Hudson and Dela- ware company, is by canal from the Hudson to the Delaware near Carpen- ter's point ; thence up the eastern bank of the Delaware, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, where it passes the De- laware by a pool, formed by a dam in the river ; thence up the Lackawaxen to Honesdale, at the forks of the Dy- berry ; where it terminates in an arti- ficial basin, having completed a dis- tance of a little more than 100 miles ; thence a rail-road surmounts the Lackawannock mountain to Carbon- dale, distant 16 miles. Most of the foregoing canal and rail-road improve- ments have been projected by capital- ists of New-York, and their comple- ion is more to be desired than expect- ed. But no work is so interesting to the county as the state canal, on the north branch of the Susquehannah.
This has been successfully made to the Nanticoke falls, where a dam has been erected ; but its extension seems ne- cessary, at least 16 miles further, that by reaching the centre of the coal region, at the head of the Wyoming valley, its full benefit may be obtained by the inhabitants for transportation, and by the state in receipt of tolls. The distance from the Nanticoke dam by the river to the state line, is 106 ms. The Chemung canal, from Seneca lake to Newtown, is now in progress. New- town is within 14 miles of the bounda- ry, and the interval is an alluvial level. When the north branch canal shall be connected with the Seneca lake, the richest and fairest portion of the state of New York will pour its agricultural and mineral products into the lap of Pennsylvania, which the latter will repay with her iron and coal.
Luzerne, with Union, Northumber- land, Columbia, Susquehannah, Brad- ford, Lycoming, Potter and Mckean, form the 9th congressional district, sending three members to congress. United with Columbia county, it con- stitutes the 10th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate ; and alone, it sends two members to the house of representatives ; connect- ed with Pike and Wayne it makes the 11th judicial district, over which Da- vid Scott, Esq. presides. The courts are holden at Wilkesbarre, on the first Mondays of January, April, August, and November.
The public buildings of the county consist of a court house, county offices, and prison, an academy, and a bank, all in Wilkesbarre (the academy has a large class, and enjoys a high reputation), and several, but not many churches throughout the county. Con- siderable attention is given by the in- habitants to education, and in some of the t-ships provision has been made in lands, to obtain a fund for the use of schools.
The taxable property of the county, by the assessment of 1829, was valued, viz. real estate, exclusive of unseated lands, $1,119,670 ; unseated lands,
21
LUZ
258
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423 89
Tavern licenses, 597 31
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize, 581 63 Tin and clock pedlars' licenses, 137 60 Hawkers' and pedlars' licenses, 38 95
$2515 13
Dividend on bridge stock, at Wilkes-
barre,
$350 00
Do. on turnpike stock,
312 50
Tax on bank dividends,
The county probably exports, an- nually, 220,000 bushels of wheat, 1300 barrels of pork, 750 barrels of whiskey, and from 5 to 6000 tons of 73 25l anthracite coal.
STATISTICAL TABLE OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Townships.
Greatest L'th.|B'tlı.
Area in Acres.
Face of the Country.
Soil.
Population. 1820- 1830.
bles.
Taxa-
Abington,
7
7
22,400 part hil. part lev'l clay, loam,
1012
239
*Braintrim,
11}
33
19,840 mountainous,
gravel, alluvial,
525
116
+Blakely,
15
73
do.
do.
do.
450
98
Covington,
23
9
105,600
do.
gravel, slate, do. do.
455
120
+Dallas,
mount. hilly,
do. do.
478
110
*Exeter,
10}
4
25,600
do.
slate, alluvion, do. do.
739
134
Greenfield,
12
84
44,800 rolling,
loam,
712
1310
193
*Hanover,
14
7.
56,320 diversified,
loam, alluvion,
879
1173
173
*Huntingdon,
12
5
26,880 mtnous, rolling,
do. do.
1274
1572 260
Kingston,
5
43
14,080 hills & riv. bott'm grvl. & s'te, allu.
1288
1548
259
Nicholson,
8
6
33,920 hilly,
gravel, slate,
543
906
186
*Newport,
10
6
36,480
do.
do. do.
764
849
159
Nescopeck,
10
9
29,440 hills & riv. bott'm do. do. & alluv.
1004
983
194
*Northmoreland,
13
6
33,480 mountainous,
do. do. do.
644
785
144
*Pittstown,
10
9
48,000 mtnous, hills,
gravel, slate,
825
1017
179
*Plymouth,
9
5
23,040 do., river bottom,
do. do. alluv.
912
1798
197
*Providence,
10
6
35,840 mts., valleys,
gravel, alluvion, do. slate, do.
787
920
158
Sugarloaf,
23
8
19,200 mountainous, do. 85,760
do.
1112
1486
287
Union,
19
8
80,000 mtnous, river bot. slate, alluvion,
686
1075
151
*Wilkesbarre, & b.
14
6
35,200 mtn. valley,
do.
do.
1602
2233
355
Windham,
13
11
67,200 mountainous,
slate,
889
1094
182
Tunkhannock,
11
9
51,200 hilly,
do. and alluvion,
1132
1039
183
+Lehman,
do.
231
+Carbondale, erected since the census ; included in Blakely township,
20027|27304
NOTE .- The return of the marshal for 1830 does not specify any of the townships in this table before Exeter, but he gives the whole population as we have given it. The total may be correct, but the numbers in the omitted townships are wanting to complete it.
The townships marked thus (*) are the " certified townships ;" those with this mark (+) having been newly created or altered, we do not give their areas.
Luzerne, t-ship, Fayette co., boun- ded N. and W. by the Monongahela river, E. by Red Stone t-ship, and S. by German t-ship. Centrally distant 12 ms. N. W. of Uniontown. Length 8, breadth 7 ms ; area, 16,000 acres ; surface level ; soil, limestone. Pop.
in 1830, 1625 ; taxables, 314. This t-ship lies in the Great Bend of the Monongahela river. Bridgeport, the p-t. lies at the confluence of Dunlap's creek with the river opposite to Brown'sville, with which it is con- nected by a wooden bridge over the
861
976
155
*Salem,
7
6
25,600 hilly,
Eaton,
10
6
820
767
144
Falls,
7
7
35,840
do.
372
106
valued at $1 the acre, $351,380 ; un-|| Tax on writs, seated lands, purchased at treasury sales, for taxes, valued at $189,935, at $1 per acre. Personal estate, $268,632. The rate of levy is now, and has been for years, one half cent in the dollar.
The county paid into the public treasury, in the year 1831, for
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creek, about midway of the eastern boundary. Iron is found near Bridge- port, and a furnace is crected near the town.
Lycoming county, was erected from part of Northumberland co. by act of 13th April, 1795 ; and is bounded N. by Potter, Tioga and Bradford cos., E. by Luzerne co., S. by Columbia, Northumberland, Union and Centre cos., S. W. by Clearfield co. and N. W. by Mckean county. Central lat. 41° 15', long. 0° 30' W. from W. C. Greatest length 92, breadth 25 miles ; area, 2290 sq. ms.
This co. lies partly in the great central transition formation, and partly in the great western secondary forma- tion, but chiefly in the latter. The surface is very mountainous, and the chains, preserving the general S. W. and N. E. direction, are more broken and irregular than they are further to the S. The mass of the mtns. is com- posed of sand stone, generally fine grained and friable when taken from the bed, but hardening when exposed to the air, slaty in structure, and often abounding in scales of mica-a gray- wacke slate ; the mica appears to in- crease with the depth of the stone from the surface. This sand stone passes into a pudding stone, or conglo- merate rock, a coarser grained gray- wacke, consisting of rounded quartz pebbles, plentifully embedded in argil- laceous paste, and has a general re- semblance to the pudding stone of tlie anthracite ranges, though more loose- ly aggregated and the pebbles of less size.
In the coal measures of this county, (and the whole of it W. of the main ridge of the Allegheny,abounds in coal and also in iron) a dark colored slate is found in the mtns. rarely seen at the surface, unless in some peculiar situa- tion, by reason that its rapid disinte- gration breaks it down into soil in a very brief space. This slate usu- ally, but not invariably, forms the roof and floor of the coal strata ; that of the roof abounds in vegetable im- pressions, of ferns, reeds, &c. &c. ma-
ny of which are singularly large and distinct, but difficult to obtain, or se- cure on account of the soft and earthy character of the rocks. The strata of the mountain is reported to lie com- monly, but not uniformly, in the fol- lowing order ; sand stone, indurated clay, clay slate, coal, and pudding stone, presenting a close correspon- dence with the series composing all known fields of bituminous coal. An argillaceous iron ore, as is usual else- where, is here in close association with the coal. All these strata are based on limestone, which is supposed to pass under the mtns. and to underlie the coal formation. This limestone is of a bluish cast and of a compact struc- ture. We have no account of organic remains having been found in it. It is said to creep out in some few places in the range, and is doubtless the " carboniferous" or mtn. limestone of the English geologists ; the great foun- dation rock of the British coal measures.
Traversing this co. from E. to W. and N. of the Susquehannah r. we cross on the E. boundary the main ridge of the Allegheny, W. of which are other ridges of the same mtn. with intervening vallies, through which flow Muncy, Loyalsock, Lycoming, Pine, Kettle, and the main stream of the Sinnemahoning creeks. The west branch of the Susquehannah r. enters the S. W. angle of the co. about three miles below Buttermilk falls, and forms for about 15 miles the boundary line between this and Centre co. and re- ceives the above crecks, in an order reversed from that which we have na- med, and many smaller, yet consider- able streams. ' Of the latter we may mention Cook's and Young Woman's creeks ; Licking run, growing into note from its coal mines ; Lorry and Queenshohoque creeks, Carpenter's run, &c. The course of the r. here is E. and W. and it explores its way around the base of the mtns. not cross- ing and breaking down the chains, as is the case especially with the main r. after the junction of the two branches. On the S. of the r. the Muncy and
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Nittany hills continue from Centre co. through which the r. turns to the S. and S. W. The Nittany mountain, on the S. border of the co. assumes the name of the White Deer mtn. In the Muncy range is found a very extra- ordinary limestone valley, called Nip- penose, having an oval form; the longer axis being E. and W. about 10 miles, and the shorter N. and S. 5 miles. Several streams have their sources in the mountains around the vale, and two penetrate them from the south ; but all seek subterrancous pas- sages, and do not rise again to day in the valley, unless they congregate in Nippenose creek, which flows N. E. from the valley into the river. The chief tributaries to the river from this part of the co. are the Bald Eagle cr. McElhatten's run, Hagerman's run, Black Hole creek, and White Deer Hole creek. E. of the river, and be- tween the Muncy and the Main ridge of the Allegheny, flows the Little Muncy creek, which empties into the r. about 2 ms. N. W. of Muncytown. White pine, hemlock, oak and chest. nut is the prevailing timber, the quan- tity of which seems inexhaustible.
The pop. of the co. is principally seated along the valleys of the r. and principal streams. Leaving them there is scarce a trace of the hand of man to be discerned, unless in the occa- sional marks of the surveyor, or lair of the hunter. The panther, the wolf and the bear, the rattle snake, the elk and the deer yet hold undisputed pos- session of the wilds. Along the Sus- quehannah a string of settlements, some of which are valuable, extends to the head of the r. The coal fields of this co. being perhaps the most acces- sible portion of the bituminous region, will add much, at no distant day, to the wealth and population of the co. The principal mines yet opened, lie on Lick and Queen's run, and a place called Tanguscootack, about 7 miles S. W. from Lick run, and 5 distant from the river, and on Lycoming and Pine crs. The coal explored, lics in veins from 4 to 6 feet thick, about 450 feet above
the base of the mountain : veins are known to exist above this level ; and it is supposed, for very satisfactory reasons, that other veins lie beneath it. There are some large ponds or small lakes in the eastern part of the co., of which Elk lake, near the north- ern boundary, Lewis' and Hunter's lakes, and Beaver Dam pond, are the most considerable.
To reach this coal region, the state canal has been directed along the val- ley of the river, and is completed to the Muncy dam, and in progress to the mouth of Bald Eagle er.
The roads of the co. generally fol- low the streams, but in some instances cross the summits of the hills. The Susquehannah and Tioga turnpike road runs through the N. E. angle of the co., and authority was given by the act of 1 April, 1831, for making an artificial road from the borough of Williamsport, by Spalding's, South, and Troy crs. to the New York state line, and also for a turnpike road, from the borough of Muncy, through Hills- grove and Eldredville, in Lycoming co. to intersect the Berwick and New- ton turnpike road, at or near Towanda cr. in Monroe t-ship, Bradford co., by act of 23d Feb. 1831. A rail-road and navigation company was authorized by act 9th April, 1828, for reaching the coal mines in Jackson t-ship ; and we understand a company has been formed for that purpose.
The chief towns of the county are Williamsport, the seat of justice, Mun- cy bor. formerly called Pennsborough, Newberry, Jersey Shore bor. Dunns- town, &c. &c.
The population of the county con- sists of Irish and Germans, and the descendants of these races, and of settlers from other counties in Pa. It amounted in 1810, to 11,006, in 1820, to 13,517, and in 1830, to 17,637; taxables in 1828, 3111. The chief religious sects are Presbyterians, Meth- odists, German Lutherans, Episcopa- lians, and Quakers ; the latter inhabit principally the t-ships of Muncy, Mun- cy Creek, Hepburn and Fairfield. A
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261
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county Bible society has been estab. lished, and Sunday schools in every neighborhood adapted to such institu- tions.
The most important manufacture of the co. is that of iron. There is a fur- nace on Pine cr. belonging to Kirk, Kelton, & Co. ; 2 forges on Lycoming cr. owned respectively by Mr. Hep- burn and Mr. McKenny ; one forge on Lorry cr. pertaining to Messrs. Slonecker and Co. There is a man- ufacture of woollens on Muncy cr. owned by Mr. Rodgers, and one on Chatham's run, belonging to Mr. Rich. There are about 50 mills of every kind in the co. The exports of the co. are iron, wheat, lumber, bitumi- nous coal, flour, whiskey, and salted provisions. The wheat may amount to 120,000 bushels, whiskey from 10 to 1200 barrels, pork 130 tons, coal 3000 tons. Of the quantity of lum- ber, we have no means of making an estimate.
The provisions for education are not remarkable. Schools are established in all the towns and densely populated vicinages ; and an academy was in- corporated .at Williamsport, in 1811, to which the state gave the sum of $2000. There are, however, 3 news- papers published weekly in the co., viz : the Lycoming Gazette, Lyco. ming Chronicle, and the Muncy Tele- graph.
Limestone bottom lands of the best quality, sell from 30 to 50 dollars the acre ; inferior improved lands at about 14 dollars the acre, and unimproved good lands at from 2 to 4 dollars the acre. The assessed value of taxable property in 1829, was, seated land, $789,148 ; unseated, $417,057 ; per- sonal estate, &c. $145,250. The un- seated lands are valued at 50 cts. the acre. The rate of levy was 2 of a cent in the dollar.
The public buildings of the co. con- sist of the court-house, a fine large structure, and county offices, of brick, a large prison of stone, the academy, and about 15 houses for public wor- ship, distributed throughout the co.
The co. paid into the state treasury in 1831, for tax on writs, $283 77; tavern licenses, $502 45; duties on dealers in foreign mdz. $250 49; state maps, $36 75; hawkers' and pedlars' licenses, $15 20; total, $1088 66.
Lycoming, Centre, Clearfield, Mc- Kean, and Potter counties, constitute the 13th senatorial district of the state, sending one member to the senate ; Lycoming alone sends two members to the house of representatives. Con- nected with Union and Northumber- land, Columbia, Luzerne, Susquehan- nah, Bradford, Potter and Mckean counties, it forms the 9th congression- al district, sending three members to congress. United with Columbia, Un- ion, and Northumberland, it makes the 8th judicial district, over which Seth Chapman, Esq. presides. The co. belongs to the middle district of the supreme court, which holds an annual session at Sunbury, on the Wednes- day following the second week of the term of the Lancaster district. The session of the Lancaster district com- mences on the third Monday in May.
STATISTICAL TABLE OF LYCOMING CO.
Greatest Area in(Pop. in Tax a-
Townships, &c.
Lth.|Bth.
Acres.
1820
bles.
Adams,
9
7.1
32640
63
Bald Eagle,
7
3840
981
69
Brown,
20
20
160000
322
55
Chapman,
30
21
189240
355
51
Cherry,
12
12
73600
80
Clinton,
13
41
16000
136
Dunstable,
30
15
92800
474
100
Elkland, Fairfield,
21
17
131200
343
92
Franklin,
18
8
46080
74
Hepburn,
14
14
87680
201
Jersey Shore bo.
14
12
70400
80
Loyalsock,
5
4
12000
1425
108
Lycoming,
8
7
24320
1201
254
Muncy creek,
17
9
51840
1038
152
Muncy,
19
8
17040
1564
192
Bor. of Muncy,
8
6
21120
1276
110
Nippenose,
9
4
14080
418
66
Pine Creek,
16
5
23680
428
89
Penn,
24
5
42980
88
Shrewsbury,
29
13
64000
379
71
Williamsport bo.
624
153
Washington,
14
10
55200
1743
240
Wayne,
=
81
39680
382
63
23,517 3111
The population in 1830 is not classed in t-ships. The whole of the county contained 17,637.
Lycoming, t-ship, Lycoming co.
1255
179
Mifflin,
108
Moreland t-ship,
7
7
27520
135
102
Jackson t-ship,
10
8
17920
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262
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bounded N. by Tioga co., E. by Elk. land and Loyalsock t-ships, S. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, and W. by Mifflin and Brown t-ships. Centrally distant N. W. from Wil- liamsport 7 miles ; greatest length 8, breadth 7 miles. Area 24,320 acres; surface, mountainous and river bottom ; soil, various, limestone in valleys. Pop. in 1830, about 1300; taxables 254; valuation of taxable property in 1829, seated lands &c. 63,287; unseat- ed lands, 9,437 ; personal tax 10,601. Ic is drained chiefly by Lycoming creek, which runs upon the E. bound- ary, upon which lies the post town of Newbury, at the confluence of the creek with the river.
Lycoming creek, Lycoming co. rises in the S. part of Tioga co. heading with the Towanda creek, and flows S. W. by a comparative course of about 35 miles into the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, about 2 miles W. of Williamsport.
Lycoming creek, p-o. Lycoming co. 201 miles N. W. from W. C. and 92 from Harrisburg.
Lyken's, t-ship, Dauphin co. bound- ed N. by Columbia co., E. by Schuyl- kill co., S. by Halifax t-ship, and W. by Mifflin t-ship. Centrally distant from Harrisburg 26 ms .; length 10 ms. breadth -; area 31,500 acres; sur- face, mountainous ; soil, red shale. Pop. in 1830, 1636; taxables, 283. The northern, eastern and southern, boundaries are covered with mts. Williams or Lyken's valley lies be- tween Berry's and the Short mountain, through which the Wiconisco creek passes, receiving Little creek from the N. The Mahantango creek forms the northern boundary.
The Short mountain is a continua- tion of the Broad mountain, and its ab- rupt termination in Lyken's valley, 11 miles from the Susquehannah, appears to be the western termination of the numerous veins of coal that are dis- tinctly traced from Mauch Chunk, by Pottsville, to the brink of the precipi- tous descent in which the mountain is lost in Lyken's valley.
The mountain as it extends west- ward gradually narrows, preserving for many miles an elevation of about 850 feet above the valleys between which it rises. Several veins of coal have been opened upon the S.& N. side, and 1 which has recently been open- ed in Bear gap, about 800 feet below the summit of the ridge, yields about 5 feet diameter of pure coal, and can be worked about 300 feet perpendicu- larly to where the coal breaks into day upon the S. side of the mountain promising an unbroken body of that depth and diameter, for many miles in length.
This singular deposit, which is per- haps one of the greatest in the world, and which promises from the peculiari- ty of situation, a facility of mining not elsewhere met with in our state de- serves a particular description.
The mountain at its termination is one solid unbroken mass, about a mile across, widening gradually upon the top into a perfectly level plain about a mile and a half in diameter. All at once this plain sinks in the centre, longitudinally with the mountain, forming a deep swampy valley in its bosom, which extends N. E. 5 or 6 miles, into which numerous springs flow, the accumulated waters of which produce a considerable stream, burst- ing through the southern side of the mountain, out of what is called Bear gap, or Bear Hole gap, into Williams' valley, cutting its pas- sage down to the base of the moun- tain.
This is the only pass by which Bear valley can be entered, and in this pass all the coal seams are found, on both sides, showing evidently that the con- vulsion, or the bursting of the lake, confined in the interior of the moun- tain, which formed the gap, crossed the line of the seams and severed them in two.
This pass is from fifty to sixty yards wide, the number of veins already ex- plored on the south side of the south division of the mountain are five, va- rying in breadth, the smallest four
LYD
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MCC
feet of pure coal, and are found about| fifty yards apart, dipping about 45° N. and run with the mountain range from N. E. to S. W. There are evi- dences of nine veins on the south side of this mountain, one or two upon the summit, and four upon the north side, all crossing the gap at right angles. One of these veins upon the apex of the ridge, lately examined, measured 14 fect pure coal, and how much more could not be ascertained, as the slate upon one side was not reached. On the northern division of the mountain several veins have been struck, but no mining commenced, except to ascer- tain the fact that it also contains abundance of coal.
In the first instance the principal mining operations will be carried on in the gap, where the coal is easy of ac- cess, and little tunnelling can be re- quired, and where preparations are now making to lay the rail road. The great advantages of this position will be at once perceived, by observing that in the gorge of this gap, 28 veins can be opened, with separate gangs of miners on each vein, working over each others heads from the base to the summit, on both sides of the gap, run- ning out their laden carts as speed- ily as filled, upon the rail road, and despatching them at once by steam or horse power, without any other hand- ling of the coal, to the Susquehannah at Millsburg. At the same time other bodies of workmen may be employed at suitable intervals, tunnelling into the same veins, as far as the rail road can be conveniently reached, which will be at least for seven or eight miles along the mountain, until it is found expedient to extend the line still farther east.
It is upon this region that the coun- ties of Dauphin, Cumberland, Lancas- ter, York and Adams, in Pennsylva- nia, and the cities of Baltimore, Wash. ington, and Alexandria, and the towns upon the Chesapeake, must principally depend for their supplies of fuel; in the first place, because the distance of carriage is nearly one hundred miles
shorter than from the Wilkesbarre mines ; in the second, the coal is in- finitely superior for family use, for cu- pola furnaces, and smith's forges, to any other anthracite that has yet reached the market ; can be afforded at a cheaper rate ; and if a company should be formed, with a sufficient cap- ital to prosecute the business on an ex- tensive and economical plan, a supply to any extent, for home consumption or exportation, could be furnished in a very short time.
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