USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 81
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Warwick, t-ship, Bucks co., bound- ed N. and N. W. by Doylestown, E. by Buckingham and Wrightstown t- ships, S. E. by Northampton, S. W. by Warminster and Warringdon. Centrally distant from Phil. 21 ms. N., and 5 miles S. E. from Doylestown ; greatest length 54 ms., greatest width 31 ms .; area, 10,678 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, sandy loam and gravel. Pop. 1830, 1132 ; taxables, 1828, 216. The main and W. branches of the Neshaminy creek flow S. E. through the t-ship. The poor house of the co. is located on a farm in the N. W. an- gle, and Warwick meeting house in the
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S. W. angle. Hartsville and New- ville, post towns, lie on the S. E. boundary, Bridge point on the N. W. line, Tinkertown on the S. E. and Ja- mieson's cross roads in the centre of the t-ship.
Warwick, t-ship, Lancaster county, bounded N. by Lebanon co., E. by Elizabeth, Cocalico and Earl t-ships, S. by Manheim and Hempfield t-ships, and W. by Raphoe t-ship. Centrally distant N. from the city of Lancaster, about 9 ms. ; greatest length, E. and W. 10}, greatest breadth, N. and S. 9 ms. ; area, 37,012 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, limestone, clay and grav- el. Pop. 1830, 3848 ; taxables, 735. Great Chiques creck runs on the W. boundary; Hanmer and Cocalico creeks on the E., and Moravia creek rises near Litiz and flows S. E. into the last. The p-t. of Litiz is 2 miles N. of the S. boundary, and 8 ms. N. of Lancaster, and one mile N. of it is the small village of Warwick. The t-ship contains 14 distilleries, 3 tan- yards, 1 fulling mill, 13 grist mills 7 saw mills, 1 brewery, 2 hemp mills, 1 oil mill, 1 carding machine, 1 snuff mill.
Warwick, a small village of War- wick t-ship, Lancaster co., 9 ms. due N. of the city of Lancaster.
Washington county, was taken from Westmoreland by the act of 28th March, 1781, and is now bounded N. by Beaver, N. E. by Allegheny, E. by Westmoreland and Fayette, and S. by Greene counties, and W. by the state of Virginia. Greatest length 32, mean width 28 ms .; area, 888 square ms. ; central lat. 40° 14' N., long. from W. C. 3º 12' W.
Lying in the great western second- ary formation, the co. possesses the minerals usually found in that forma- tion, coal, iron and salt. But salt licks are not numerous, nor is there any iron made in the co. Like the greater portion of Western Pa., this county, surveyed from an elevation and from a distance, has the appear- ance of one vast plain ; but it is in re- ality deeply indented by many
streams, which have formed valleys of greater or lesser width and depth, and the surface has, therefore, a roll- ing character, and in some places may be termed hilly.
The Monongahela r. flows N. full 25 ms. along the eastern border, re- ceiving in its course Ten Mile creek, which forms the southern border of the county, Pike run, Pigeon creek and several small streams. Peter's creek, Chartier's creek and Raccoon creek are also tributaries of that river from this co., but their embouchures are in Allegheny co., into which they flow northerly. Herman's creek, Cross creek, Buffalo creek, Wheel- ing creek, Fish creek and their seve- ral branches are tributaries of the Ohio r. into which they flow west- ward.
The seat of justice was established at the present borough of Washing- ton, by commissioners appointed in the act of 1781; besides this town, there are now in the co. 21 towns and villages, viz. : Centreville, Bealesville, Hillsboro', Williamsburg, Martins- burg, Buffalo, Claysville, West Alex- andria Taylor'stown, West Middle- town, Mount Pleasant, Burgettstown, Canonsburg, Williamsport, Colum- bia, Greenfield, Briceland's cross roads, Frederickstown, Amity, Bent- ley'sville and Findleyville, for a de- scription of which see their respective titles.
This co. was first settled by emi- grants from the north of Ireland, by others from New Jersey, by Germans from Europe, and from other parts of this state, and is now inhabited by their descendants. In 1790 the pop. was 23,866 ; in 1800, 28,293 ; in 1810, 36,289 ; 1820, 40,038 ; and in 1830, 42,869 ; of whom 21,254 were white males ; 20,640, females; 422 frce black males ; 443 females, 1 slave. There were aliens 192, blind 19, 24 deaf and dumb. The prevailing re- ligious sects are Presbyterian, Seceder, Methodist and Baptist ; but there are others, among which are some Catho- lics, who have a chapel near W. Alcx-
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andria, and Episcopalians, who have ||of washed wool, about one third of one, perhaps more , churches in the which is requisite to supply the home consumption. co. There may be in the co. from 15 to 20 churches belonging to various No country in the world is better adapted to the growing of wool than the western parts of Penn. and the adjoining parts of Ohio and Va., and for this purpose no portion surpasses Washington county. The wool from such flocks as have been judiciously managed, has been found to improve in quality and increase in quantity, and much of it will bear comparison with the best Saxon wool. About one half the number of sheep are full blood and mixed merinos. There are, however, notwithstanding this atten- tion to sheep, considerable quantities of wheat, rye and whiskey exported. denominations. There are here a county Bible society, an auxiliary missionary society, and tract and Sun- day school associations. Much at- tention has been given by the citizens to the means of education ; primary schools have been established in al- most every neighborhood, and there are two colleges in the co., Washing- ton college in Washington borough, and Jefferson college at Canonsburg. For an account of these institutions see " Washington bor." and Canons- burg. At the colleges there are re- spectable libraries, and a public libra- ry is established in Mercer t-ship.
The chief business of the county is agriculture, breeding and grazing cattle. There are some small manu- factories of wool, one at Washington, 1 in Cross Creek t-ship and a third in Buckingham t-ship; and at Williams- port on the Monongahela r. is an ex- tensive manufactory of window glass. The market for grain in the county having been overstocked, the inhabit- ants have devoted their attention for some years past to the breeding of horses, cattle and sheep, in which they have been eminently successful. Ma- ny fine horses are annually sold for the eastern and southern markets, and large quantities of stock cattle are exported on the hoof; whilst the sheep have increased in the ratio of 20 per cent. per annum, until they amount to 200,000, and occupy a fourth of the cultivated lands of the county, produ- cing annually 600,000 pounds of wool, at an average price of 60 cts. per lb. The cleared land is estimated at about 250,000 acres, and is capable on an average of maintaining 2 sheep to the acre, without rendering the population dependent on others for the agricultural products they need, and now procure from their own farms. On this data it is estimated that the co. can maintain a half million of sheep,yielding annually 1,500,000 lbs.
The taxable valuation of the real estate of the co., by the assessment of 1829, was, $4,146,422 ; of personal estate, including occupations, $553, 781 ; rate of tax 2 18% , 13 mills in the dollar. The average market price of improved lands, is $10 the acre, and woodland brings as much as arable.
There are three turnpike roads in the co. The road from Somerset to Washington borough ; the road from Washington to Pittsburg, and the na- tional road, which crosses the Monon- gahela from Brownsville, Fayette co. and runs N. W. to the borough of Washington, and thence westerly to Wheeling.
Washington co. forms the 20th sen- atorial district of the state, sending one member to the senate. It also constitutes the 15th congressional dis- trict, represented by one member in congress. It elects three members to the house of representatives of the state legislature. Connected with Fayette and Greene, it forms the 14th judicial district, over which Thomas H. Baird, Esq. presides. The courts are holden at Washington on the Mon- days following those of Greene, which sit on the third Mondays of March, June, September and December. It pertains to the western district of the supreme court, which holds a session at Pittsburg, on the third Monday of September, annually.
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This co. paid into the state treasury in 1831,
For tax on writs,
$415 89
Tavern licenses,
683 55
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize,
763 33
State maps,
33 25
Tax on collateral inheri- tances,
108 85
Pamphlet laws,
3 33
Tin and clock pedlars'
licenses,
57
$265 20
STATISTICAL TABLE OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Greatest
Population. Taxa-
Townships, &c.
Ltd.
Bth.
1820,
1830,
bles.
Amwell,
11
91-2
1825
1733
359
Bethlehem, E.
9
7
2239
2606
535
Bethlehem, W.
12
7
2187
2048
389
Buffalo,
7
61-2
1430
1516
340
Borough of Wash- ington,
Cross Creek,
9
8
1908
2147
438
Canton,
10
5
1276
1218
241
Cecil,
9
41-2
1154
1107
240
Chartierz,
71-2
7
1330
1575
399
Donegal,
8
61-2
1879
2093
470
Fallowfield,
7
7
2020
2142
383
Findlay, E.
81-2
5
1967
1219
406
Hopewell,
10
7
2186
1897
431
Hanover,
81-9
71-2
1329
1573
Mount Pleasant,
7
41-2
1254
1327
247 278
Morris,
9
7
1713
2048
383
Nottingham,
1
9
51-2
2098
2118
348
Peters,
9
4
1265
1196
259
Pike Run,
10
41-2
1967
2081
357
Robinson,
10
3
925
944
188
Somerset,
81-2!
71-2
1540
1573
259
Smith,
10
G
1848
2089
398
Strabane,
11
91-2
2571
2599
461
West Findlay,
91-2
6
1218
Borough of nonsburg,
'Ca-
792
Borough of Mid- dletown,
297
40038| 42680
8134
Washington, t-ship, Franklin co., bounded N. by Guilford, E. by Adams co., S. by the state of Maryland, and W. by Antrim t-ship. Centrally dis- tant from Chambersburg, S. W., 11 Ins. ; greatest length 10}, breadth 8} ms .; area, 49,920 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, chiefly slate. Pop. in 1830, 5184; taxables, 751. The t-ship is drained by two branches of the Antictam creek, which flows S. into Maryland. The S. mountain covers a great portion of the E. boun- dary. A turnpike road leads from Ma- ryland to Waynesburg, and thence through Green castle westward.
Washington, t-ship, Fayette county, bounded N. by Westmoreland co., E. by the Youghiogheny river, which se- parates it from Tyrone and Franklin t-ships, S. by Redstone t-ship, and W. by the Monongahela river, which di- vides it front Washington co .; cen- trally distant from Uniontown, 12 ms. Greatest length 8, breadth 7 miles ; area, 32,000 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, limestone and loam. Population in 1830, 2926 ; taxables, 551. Red stone creek is on the S. boundary, and at its confluence with the Monon- gahela, are established the Washing- ton glass works. The Little Red stone creek rises in the t-ship by two branch- es, and flows N. W. to the Mononga- hela. Cook's run flows S. W. to the same river; and at its confluence on the south side, is the p-town of Cooks- town, near which iron ore is found .- The p-town of Perryopolis lies on the Youghiogheny, N. of Washington run. The p-town of Belle Vernon is on the Monongahela, in the extreme N. W. angle of the t-ship.
Washington, borough, and seat of justice of Washington co., partly in Canton and partly in Strabane t-ships, 26 miles S. W. of Pittsburg. This is a large and flourishing town, contain- ing about 300 dwellings, generally of brick, many of which are three stories high ; several stores and taverns, a woollen factory, driven by steam, and 4 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Unionist, and a college. An academy was founded here so early as 1787, when the state granted the institution 5000 acres of the unappropriated lands of the com- monwealthı ; and in 1797, the sum of $3000, to assist in the completion of the buildings. In 1806, the academy was converted into a college, in which all the property of the former was vested. A further donation of $5000 was granted to the institution in 1821.
The college buildings are 120 feet in length, and 40 in breadth, and will accommodate with lodging 36 stu- dents, and from 150 to 200 with rooms for recitation. The central building is of stone, the wings of brick. The
1687
1816
325
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institution possesses a pneumatic and ||town of Freeburg is centrally situated an electrical apparatus, maps, globes, in the t-ship, on a branch of Middle creek. The taxable property of the t-ship in 1829, was, real estate $175, 536 ; pers. property, yielding $16 69 ; occupations, yielding $47 44. The an orrery,a college library of 400 vols. and a student's library of about 600. Attached to the college are two litera- ry societies, instituted for promoting emulation among the students. There rate of levy was 15 ets. in the $100. are three professors, including the principal. The branches of learning taught, are such as are usual in the department of arts in the university. The expense incident to education and maintenance of a student here, does not exceed $125 per annum. The following was the state of the college in 1828. 135 alumni, of whom, 125 were then living ; 26 of whom were ministers of the gospel ; 24 then alive. Eleven graduated in 1827, 39 under graduates, viz: 8 seniors, 11 juniors, 8 sophomores, 12 freshmen. 9 stu- dents professing religion. The act of 1797 above cited, provided for the admission into the institution, of any number of students, not exceeding 10, who may be offered, in order to be taught reading, writing, and arithme- tie, gratis, none to continue longer than two years. There were 3 pupils under this provision, in 1828. The average number of students, since its foundation, is 60.
Washington, t-ship, Indiana county, bounded N. by Mahoning t-ship, E. by Greene t-ship, S. by Centre and Armstrong t-ships, and W. by Arm- strong county. Greatest length, 11, breadth, 10 miles ; area, 48,000 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, clay. Pop. in 1830, 957 ; taxables, 265. The t-ship is drained S. by Crooked creek and its branches, and W. by Plumb creek. The borough of Indiana is on the S. boundary, near the E. line.
Washington, t-ship, Union county, bounded N. by Middle creek, which divides it from Penn t-ship; E. by Chapman t-ship ; S. by Perry, and W. by Centre t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from New Berlin, 8 ms. Great- est length, 8 ms. ; breadth, 5; area, 17,040 acres ; surface, diversified ; soil, limestone and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 2,085 ; taxables, 210. The p-
Washington, t-ship, Westmoreland co. bounded N. E. by the Kiskiminitas river, which separates it from Arm- strong and Indiana counties, S. E. by Salem t-ship, S. W. by Franklin t-ship and N. W. by Allegheny t-ship. Cen- trally distant from Greensburg N. 16 miles. Greatest length 9, breadth 8 miles ; area, 32,640 acres ; surface hilly ; soil loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 2,153 ; taxables 354. It is drain- ed chiefly by Beaver Dam run, which flows N. W. through the middle of the t-ship. The post town of N. Wash- ington is centrally situated in the town- ship.
Washington, North, post town of Washington t-ship, Westmoreland co. near Beaver Dam run, 18 or 20 miles N. W. from Greensburg, 215 from W. C., and 193 from Harrisburg ; con- tains 10 dwellings, 2 taverns and one store.
Washington, post town and borough, Manor t-ship, Lancaster co., on the E. bank of the Susquehannah river, about 9 miles west by south from Lan- caster city. Pop. in 1830, 607 ; con- tains about 100 dwellings. It was incorporated by act 13th April, 1827, and includes the village of Charles- ton, which is separated from it by Ste- man's run.
Washington, post town, Derry t-ship Columbia co., on the Chilisquaque creek, 7 ms. N. W. from Danville.
Washington, t-ship, York county, bounded N. E. by Warrington t-ship, S. E. by Conewago and Paradise t-ships, W. by Adams co,, N. W. by Franklin t-ship. Centrally distant from the borough of York N. W. 13 miles. Greatest length 9, breadth 31 miles ; area, 15,360 acres ; sur- face level ; soil, red shale, of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1037 ; taxa- Ibles 247 ; taxable property, 1829, real
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473
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estate $234,913; personal 12,735; occupations 20,847-total $268,495. Bermudian creek flows S. W. through the t-ship to the Conewago creek, re- ceiving from it several tributaries.
Washington, t-ship, Lycoming co., bounded N. by Clinton t-ship, E. by that t-ship and the Susquehannah riv- er, S. by Union co., W. by Nippenose t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Williamsport 6 miles. Greatest length 10, breadth 10 miles ; area, 55,200 acres ; surface intnous ; soil, various, chiefly limestone and clay. Pop. in 1830, about 1200 ; taxables 240 ; val- ue of taxable property in 1829, seat- ed lands, &c. $62,251 ; unseated $3000; personal estate $10,154; rate of levy 2 of one per cent. It is drain- ed by White Deer Hole creek, Black Hole creek, Hagerman's run, and sev- eral smaller streams. The valley be- tween the Bald Eagle mountain on the N., and the White Deer mtn. on the S., is very fertile and thickly pop- ulated.
Washingtonville, post office and vil- lage, Derry t-ship, Columbia co., 7 miles S. W. of Danville, 182 N. from · W. C., and 72 from Harrisburg ; con- tains 30 dwellings, two taverns and 2 stores.
Watsonburg, Turbett t-ship, North- umberland co., on the Susquehannah river, about 15 miles N. of Sunbury, 180 from W. C., and 71 from Harris- burg ; contains 20 dwellings, 1 store and 2 taverns, and some mills south of the town.
Waterford, t-ship, Erie co., bound- ed N. by Beaver Dam and Venango t-ships, E. by Amity, S. by Le Boeuf t-ship, and W. by Conneaut and Mc Kean t-ships. Centrally distant S. E. from the borough of Erie 13 miles. Greatest length 7, breadth 5 miles ; area, 22,400 acres ; surface lilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 1006 ; taxables 186. Le Bocuf cr. enters the t-ship in the N. W. angle, and flowing in a semi-circular course around the town of Waterford, empties nto Le Boeuf lake in the S. W. angle of the t-ship. From the lake a copi-
ous stream issues southward to French creck. The post town of Waterford lies E. of the lake, 15 miles S. from Erie by the turnpike road and 23 miles N. E. from Meadville, also by turnpike road. At high water the Le Boeuf creck is navigable to the town. The town formerly bore the name of Le Boeuf. There is an academy here, incorporated by act of 2d April, 1811, and 500 acres ofland with certain lots were appropriated to its use. The town contains about 50 dwellings, 3 or 4 stores, 4 taverns. There is also a post office, distant 319 miles N. W. of W. C., and 252 from Harrisburg.
Waterford, post town of Lack t-ship, Juniata co., in the Tuscarora valley, on the 'Tuscarora creek, about 18 ms. S. W. of Lewistown, 131 from W. C. and 62 from Harrisburg.
Waterloo, post town of Lack t-ship, Juniata co., in the Tuscarora valley, on the Tuscarora creek, 22 miles S. W. of Lewistown, 123 from W. C., and 70 from Harrisburg.
Waterstreet, post town of Morris t-ship, Huntingdon co., on the turnpike road and Juniata river, a short distance above Alexandria, distant N. W. from W. C. 157 miles, and S. W. from Harrisburg 99 miles ; contains some half a dozen dwellings.
Waullenpaupack creek, a large trib- utary of the Lackawaxen creek, forms a considerable portion of the bounda- ry between Wayne and Pike coun- ties, runs a north easterly and a very crooked course of more than 20 miles. It has many tributbries from east and west, on most of which mills are erect- cd. It has a broad, alluvial flat, extending the whole of its length ; and a high cataract,over which it is precip- itated with great violence into the Lackawaxen. It is navigable about 15 or 20 miles to the great falls ; for the greater portion of this distance it flows with scarce perceptible motion. At the head of the falls the bed is sud- denly sunk, and forms a chasm, into which the water pours, down a depth of 70 feet, and then rushing furiously
3A
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through a deep and rocky channel, dashes over three successive cataracts within a distance of a mile and a half of the mouth of the creek : producing a total fall in that distance of 150 fcet. The width of the creek above the falls is 70 feet. At the upper fall there are two saw and one grist mills. A short distance above which a wooden bridge crosses and connects the route of the Milford and Oswego turnpike.
Wayne county,* was erected from a part of Northampton, by an act of assembly 21st March, 1798, and was therein described as " all that part of Northampton co., lying to the north- ward of a line to be drawn, and begin- ning at the west end of George Mi- chacl's farm on the river Delaware, in Middle Smithfield township, and from thence a straight line to the mouth of Trout creek on the Lehigh, adjoining Luzerne co. But the creation of Pike county,in 1814, has changed this line, and Wayne county isnow bounded on the north by the state line between Pennsylvania and New York, in lat. 42º north, extending along this line 6 miles, north eastwardly by the west- ern shore of the Delaware r., which separates it from New York, to the Big Eddy, a distance of 30 miles in a direct line, but of 45 by the meander- ings of the r .; south east and south by Pike co., and west by Luzerne and Susquehannah counties. The area is 436,429 acres. Central lat. 41º 40' N., long. from W. C. 1° 42' E. Pop. principally German, was in 1830, 7,663, of whom 4,083 were white males ; 3,549 white females ; 15 col- ored males ; 16 colored females, all free ; 1 person blind and three deaf and dumb. In 1800 the population was 2,562 ; in 1810, 4,125, and in 1820, 4,127. Pike co. was taken from Wayne in 1814.
The surface of this county is very unequal, comprizing much of the va- riety pertaining to mountainous re- gions. Its principal features are a
* For much of this article, we are indebted to an able sketch of this county, by Jacob S. Davis, Esq.
continuous upland which occupies the. largest portion, indented by long nar- row valleys, and a few lofty eminen- ces, to which only the name of moun- tains should be applied. The general elevation of this table land is estimna- ted at thirteen hundred feet above the level of tide water.
Moosic mountain rises above the up- land about 600 feet, having a total elevation of 1910 feet above the tide. Its southern extremity is in Luzerne co. whence it extends in a direction least ofnorth, crossing the west line of Wayne co. in Canaan t-ship, and subsiding in Mount Pleasant township, forming for some distance a barrier between this and the adjacent counties on the west. Beyond the northern extremity of the Moosic rises Mount Ararat, which reaches a short distance into Preston t-ship, and is about as high as the former. The summits of these mountains overlook the country, the former to the east, the latter to the west, as far as the eye can reach. Still further north, and between the head waters of the Lackawanna creek is the Sugar Loaf mountain, compar- atively a small eminence. Besides these, are some hills of minor note, a fewonly of which are designated by particular names.
The highlands are much broken by the ramifications of the valleys and the subsidence of their bases. These inequalities, however, offer no insuper- able obstacles to cultivation, the slopes being, commonly, gentle.
The valleys are the peculiar drains of the country ; each having its proper channel, into which the springs and rivulets flow. Lakes are formed in every t-ship, except Sterling. These elegant little sheets of water, clear as crystal, comprise from 50 to 300 acres, and contribute much to the beauty of the landscapes. Their outlets form some of the capital streams of the co. At first, the course of the waters is generally rapid, and this circumstance with the favorable slopes of the banks, affords innumerable situations for mills.
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From the northern part of the coun- ty the Susquehannah receives a por- tion of her waters by the Starucca and Lackawanna creeks, which have their sources within a few rods of each oth- er, in Preston t-ship, but taking oppo- site directions, they discharge them- selves into the Susquehannah, upwards of a hundred miles apart. The heads of the Great Equinunk, which flows into the Delaware on the north castern side of the county, and of the west branch of Lackawaxen, running south- ward,are also in the same vicinity. In wet seasons, the most proximate of these heads unite, and thus form a com- plete inosculation of the Delaware and Susquehannah waters. The Moosic mountain, rising like a wall along a great part of the western line of the county, determines the waters from its eastern foot to the Lackawaxen river ; but beyond its southern extre- mity the waters again diverge from a small space. The Lackawanna creek again receives a branch from this co., rising in a laurel swamp, where are also the sources of the Lehigh river, the Tobyhanna and Waullenpaupack creeks ; all running in different direc- tions towards the Susquehannah, the Lehigh and the Lackawaxen.
Delaware river receives from this county, Shrawder's, Shohokin, Great Equinunk, Little Equinunk, Holes- ter's, Cashes', Corkins' creeks, and Lackawaxen river. The Great Equi- nunk is'a stream of some magnitude. There is much alluvial flat along the Delaware. The upland declivity is lofty, bold, and sometimes precipitous. The greater part of the shore in Man- chester t-ship, from the mouth of the Great Equinunk downward, is bound- ed by lofty rocks, almost perpendicu- lar, from the water's edge, which effec. tually interrupt a direct land commu- nication along the river for that dis- tance.
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