USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 20
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Britain, Little, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. E. by Colerain, S. E. by Chester co. S. by the state of Mary- land, S. W. by the Susquehannah r. and N. W. by Drumore t-ship. Cen- trally distant from the city of Lancas- ter 20 ms. S. E. Greatest length 10} ms. breadth 6 ms. Area, 34,457 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, clay. Pop. in 1830, 2527; taxables, 394. The Octarara creek and its W. branch flows on the N. E. and S. E boundary, and the Conewingo creek crosses it centrally from N. to S .; near the mid- dle of the t-ship is situated Little Brit- ain church. Little Britain p-o. is near the S. W. boundary, 81 ms. from W. C. and 58 from Harrisburg. There are in this t-ship 2 forges, 5 tanneries, 2 fulling mills, 11 grist mills, 11 saw mills, 3 clover mills and a small wool- len factory.
Bristol, t-ship, Philadelphia co. is bounded N. W. N. and N. E. by Montgomery t-ship, E. by Oxford, S. by the Northern Liberties. Greatest length 51 ms. breadth 3 ms. Arca, 5660 acres; surface, hilly and rocky, with good bottoms. Pop. in 1830, 1425; taxables 347. It is centrally distant about 6 ms. from Philadelphia. Brockwayville, p-o. Pine t-ship, Jef- ferson co. 226 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 154 from Harrisburg. The, Tacony crk. divides it from Oxford on the E. and receives at the extreme S. E. point Wingshocking creek which Broadhead's creek, rises in Pike co. and flows an almost due S. course through Stroud t-ship, Northampton co. has its source in Germantown t-ship, near Mount Airy. Upon the Tacony lies Grub town, at which there is an into Smithfield creek, a short distance
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E. of Stroudsburg. It is not not navi- gable, but is a rapid stream and drives several mills in its course.
Broad mountain, the fourth in range N. of the Kittatinny or Blue mtn. rises in Lykens t-ship, Dauphin co. about 16 ms. E. of the Susquehannah r. where it bears the name of Short mtn. running N. E. into Schuylkill co. it receives the name of Broad mtn. which it bears thence throughout its course in Schuylkill co. and in Northampton, E. of the Lehigh r. but when broken by the Pokono creek, it assumes the name of the Pokono mtn. The second name is given because of the great width of the ridge when compared with the southern ranges. It is remarka- ble for the quantity of anthracite coal contained within its bowels. Be- tween the Lehigh and Susquehannah rs. many of the richest mines of Schuyl- kill co. are in this mtn. and the coal is equally abundant at its termination in Lykens valley, Dauphin co. (See Lykens valley.)
Broad Top, mtn. extends N. E. from Hopewell t-ship, Bedford co. in- to Union t-ship, Huntingdon co. It
abounds with bituminous coal.
Brockville, p-t. Clearfield co. 222 ms. N. W. of W. C. 149 from Har- risburg.
Broken Straw, t-ship, Warren co. bounded N. by Sugar Grove t-ship, S. E. by the Allegheny r. S. by Deer- field, and W. by Spring creek. Cen- trally distant west from Warren bo- rough 10 miles; greatest length 8, breadth 8 ; area, 30,880 acres. Pop. in 1830, 755; taxables in 1828, 163. Broken Straw cr. runs centrally thro' the t-ship into the river, upon which, opposite Young's run, is the p-town of Youngsville, 9 or 10 ms. west of War- ren. The p-o. called Irvine's is also in the t-ship, lying on the west side of Irvine's run, which forms part of the eastern boundary. The surface of the t-ship is undulating, except ncar the river, where it is hilly. The river bottoms are excellent.
Broken Straw cr. rises by Framp- omn's branch, in the state of N. York,|
whence it flows by a circuitous course through the E. part of Erie co. into Warren co. seven miles below the town of Warren. The course of the stream in Pennsylvania is about 35 miles, of which 20 are navigable. It receives a small branch from Craw- ford co. Nine ms. from its mouth it receives the waters of the Little Bro- ken Straw; both streams are excel- lent for mills.
Broken Straw, Little, creek of War- ren co. flows S. through Sugar Grove, North West and Broken Straw t-ships, into the Big Broken Straw creek.
Brookfield, t-ship, Tioga co. former- ly part of Delmar, situate S. of Wells- borough. The surface of the country is hilly ; soil, loam; well timbered with beech, maple, hemlock and pine ; cleared land well adapted to grazing. Pop. in 1830, 332; taxables in 1828, 60.
Brooklin, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by New Milford t-ship, E. by Harford and Lennox t-ships, S. by Luzerne co. and W. by Spring- ville t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Montrose 8 miles ; greatest length 11 miles ; breadth 5 miles; area 26,880 acres. Pop. in 1830, 1350 ; taxables, 187. The t-ship is drained by Martin's creek, which forms its eastern boundary. The Dundaff and Montrose turnpike road crosses it from S. E. to N. W. and the Abington and Waterford turnpike crosses the N. W. angle of the t-ship. There is a post office on the former road, 267 miles from W. C. and 159 from Harrisburg.
Brookville, p-t. and st. jus. of Jeffer- son co. situated on the Susquehannah and Waterford turnpike road, 44 ms. S. E. from Franklin, 238 N. W. from W. C. and 165 from Harrisburg, and immediately at the head of Red Bank creek, which is formed by the conflu- ence of the three branches of the San- dy lick at this point. Red Bank has commonly sufficient water for steain- boats, on the Blanchard plan. At the sale of the town lots in June, 1830, the lots brought from 30 to 300 dol. lars each. The proceeds of the sale
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were destined to pay the expense of building the court house. It is sup- posed that this new town will become the place of deposit for the iron manu- factured in the counties of Centre and Clearfield, designed for the Pittsburg market. The first building in the town was put up in August, 1830. There are now here about 40 dwell- ings, a brick court house and offices, 4 stores and 4 taverns.
Brother's Valley, t-ship, Somerset co. bounded N. by Stoney Creek t-ship, E. by Greenville, Southampton and Allegheny t-ships, S. by Elk lick t. ship, and W. by Milford and Somerset t-ships. Centrally distant from Somer- set borough 8 ms. Greatest length 11, breadth 8 miles ; area, 55,200 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, dark clay. Taxable population in 1830, 378; taxable property in 1829, real estate $183,064; personal $14,244; rate of tax, 5 mills on the dollar. The Allegheny mountain bounds it on the east. Castleman's river flows N. W. along the S. boundary, receiving from the t-ship Buffalo lick, Blue lick and some minor streams ; and the branches of Stoney creek penetrate the N. part of the t-ship, near which is the p-t. of Berlin, about 9 ms. S. E. of the bo- rough of Somerset. There is also a p-o. in the S. E. angle of the t-ship.
Brower, p-o. Berks co. 147 miles from W. C. and 66 from Harrisburg.
Brown's Mills, p-t. Mifflin co. 167 ms. N. W. of W. C. 60 from Harris- burg.
Brownsville, p-t and borough of Fayette co. Redstone t-ship, on the right bank of Monongahela river and on the national or Cumberland road from W. C. to Wheeling, 205 ms. from the former, 198 ms. from Harrisburg, 12 from Union, the co. town, N. W. 25 S. E. from the town of Washington, and 35 South from Pittsburg. It was formerly known as Red Stone old fort, and is in a neighborhood composed principally of Friends, and in a rich and highly cultivated country. It is separated from Bridgeport by Dunlap's creek, over which is a convenient
bridge. A bridge over the Mononga- hela is about being erected by a joint stock company, to rest on two abut- ments and two piers of stone, from 50 to 60 feet high : the length is 630 feet, and the estimated cost $50,000. The town contains 220 dwellings, 5 church- es, 22 stores, 5 taverns, 1 mill, 4 schools, 1 steam engine factory, and a steamboat yard, and 1 glass manufac- tory. Pop. in 1830, 1233 ; it was in- corporated 9 Jany. 1815.
Brown, t-ship, Lycoming co. is bounded N. by Tioga co. E. by Ly- coming and Mifflin t-ships, S. and S. W. by Pine creek t-ship, and W. by Dunstable t-ship and by Potter co. Centrally distant N. W. of Williams- port, 25 ms. greatest length 22, breadth 21 ms. Area, 160,000 acres ; surface mountainous, soil various. Tax- able property in 1829-seated lands $13,476, unseated lands $47,294; tax levied $720 85, rate 2 of one per cent. There is a p-o. named after the t-ship. It is drained by Pine creek and its tributaries. Iron and coal are found in the t-ship, and some iron works have been erected. The country is covered with wood, and uninhabited except sparse settlements along the water courses.
Brownsburg, Upper Makefield t-ship, Bucks co. a small p-t on the bank of the river Delaware, near Bowmans hill, contains 4 or 5 dwellings, 1 store and 2 taverns, distant about 11 ms. from Doylestown, 174 from W. C. and 123 from Harrisburg.
Browns creek, Burlington t-ship, Bradford co. rises in the t-ship, and flows S. E. to Sugar creek.
Brumfieldville, p-t. Berks co. 153 ms. from W. C. and 62 from Harrisburg.
Brunswick, t-ship, Schuylkill co. bounded N. by Schuylkill t-ship, E. by West Penn, S. by Berks co. and W. by Pine grove t-ship. Its form is ir- regular, its greatest length E. and W. is about 14 ms. breadth about 9 ms. Area, 60,940 acres. Its surface is hilly, and a portion of it is mountain- ous. The Blue mountain runs along the southern, and the Second mountain
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along its northern boundary. The in- tervening space is diversified by many hills, of which the Little moun- tain, near Orwigsburg, is the most prominent. The soil, is red shale, and white gravel, (but limestone oc- curs near Orwigsburg,) and with due cultivation is tolerably productive. North of the Blue mountain on the Little Schuylkill there is a bed of fine sand supposed to be highly valuable in the manufacture of glass. The Great and Little Schuylkill unite their waters in the southern part of the t-ship, above the Blue mountain, and receive from it several tributaries, of which Pine creek is the chief. The Little Schuylkill traverses near the whole t-ship, from the north to the south boundary. Orwigsburg, McKeans- burg, Port Clinton, and Louisburg arc towns within the t-ship. Orwigsburg is the st. jus. and Port Clinton a coal cre- ation, from whence the coal brought by the Little Schuylkill rail road, is shipped on the canal for Philadelphia. Pop. in 1830, exclusive of Orwigs- burg, 2298. Taxables 371.
Brush, creek and valley, Provi- dence t-ship, Bedford co. The valley lies between Sideling and Rays hills. The creek rises in two branches, one running N. and the other S. uniting on the E. side of Rays Hill, which hav- ing penetrated they flow into Shaver's creek.
Brush creek, Westmoreland co. rises in Hempfield t-ship and flows N. W. by a course of about 17 ms. to Turtle creek.
Brush mountain, Huntingdon co. a forked ridge which rises in the N. W. angle of Frankstown t-ship, one branch running N. and the other N. E. to the Juniata r. enclose the t-ship of Tyrone, separating it from Morris t-ship, on the E., and from Antes t-ship on the W.
Brush run, Mount Pleasant t-ship, Ad- ams co. a tributary of the Conewago cr.
Bryants, p-o. Fayette co. 179 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 178 W. of Har- risburg.
Buckingham, t-ship, Wayne co.
bounded N. E. and E. by the Dela- ware r. S. by Lebanon and Damascus t-ships, W. by Mount Pleasant, and N. W. by Scott t-ship. Its form is very irregular, greatest length 11} ms. greatest breadth 112 ms. It is drain- ed chiefly by the Great and Little Equinunk creeks, which have their sources in small ponds or lakes which empty into the Delaware about 10 ms. apart. Stockport, distant from Beth- any, the co. t. N. 23 ms. and situated in the northern part of the t-ship, is the p-t. and contains about 200 inhab- itants. The surface of the country is hilly, but covered with a heavy growth of beech and sugar maple. The soil is loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830 was only 179, taxables in 1828, 40. Tax- able property in 1829, seated lands, $9791, unseated $32,408. Personal estate including occupations, $3289. Rate 4 mills on the dollar. There are in the t-ship, which comprises 39,040 acres, 12 frame, and 12 log houses, 1 grist mill, 3 saw mills, 1 loom, and 2 schools.
Buckingham, t-ship Bucks co. bound- ed N. and N. W. by Plumstead, E. by Solebury. S. E. by upper Makefield and Wrightstown S. W. by Warwick, and W. by Doylestown t-ships, central- ly distant from Philadelphia 25 ms. N. and 4 ms E. from Doylestown. Greatest length 6} ms. greatest breadth 5 ms. Area 19,490 acres. A fine stream of water rising from many small springs in the grit land above the York road, and some larger supplies from the limestone land below, unites its several branches, and running through the S. W. end of Wrightstown, falls into the Neshaminy. The Indi- an name of this stream was Lahaskee- kee, written on our maps " Lackawis- sa." It is at present known as Ran- dals run, and a southern branch as Roberts run. Two rocky ridges of the same Indian name run parallel with each other, by a N. E. course to the Delaware. The soil of the t-ship is various, loam, clay, and gravel ; the surface generally level. It is chiefly inhabited by "Friends," who have a
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meeting house near the borders of | Solebury, Centreville, Barrville, New- ark or Halifax. Greenville, and Pine- ville, are villages of the t-ship. The first is a p-t., called Buckingham, 164 miles from W. C. and 112 from Har- risburg, pop. in 1830, 2193, taxa- bles 467. There is in this t-ship a free school, founded by Amos Austin Hughes, who devised to its use a plant- ation in the t-ship, with a very consid- erable sum of money. This institu- tion was incorporated and the inhabit- ants of the t-ship empowered to ap- point trustees, by act of assembly pass- ed 25 Feb. 1813.
Buckingham, West, p-t. of W. Bethel t-ship, Washington co. S. E. of Wash- ington borough 14 ms.
Bucks mountains, a lofty and brok- en range of hills in Sugar-loaf t-ship, Luzerne co. parallel to, and about 5 ms. S. of the Nescopeck mountains. It is crossed by the Reading and Ber- wick turnpike road.
Buck run, a tributary of the W. branch of the Brandywine r. which rises near the S. boundary of Sadsbury t-ship, Chester co. and flows S. E. to its recipient in Newlin t-ship, and drives, in its course of about 15 ms., several mills.
Buck tavern, p-t. of Haverford t-ship, Delaware co. on the turnpike road from Philadelphia to Lancaster, 8 ms. from the former, 143 from W. C. and 88 S. E. from Harrisburg. There are seve- ral good dwellings here on the extreme verge of the county.
Buckthorn, p-o. Columbia co. 189 ms. from W. C. 79 from Harrisburg.
Bucksville, p-t. Nockamixon t-ship, Bucks co. 15 ms. N. E. of Doyles- town, 177 ms. from W. C. and 106 from Harrisburg ; contains a tavern, store, and three or four dwellings.
Buck, p-o. Lancaster co. 92 ms. N. of W. C. and 54 S. E. of Harrisburg.
Bucks county is one of the three counties established by William Penn, upon the settlement of the province in 1682. It extended indefinitely north- ward, and was reduced to its present size by the formation of Northampton
co. on 11th March, 1752. The lower and central parts of the county were originally settled by quakers, princi- pally English and Welsh, and the north- ern part by Germans, who retain with the language of their fathers much of their habits and customs. The coun- ty is distinguished in the early history of Pennsylvania for being the resi- dence of the proprietary, who had a spacious and commodious dwelling there, some ruins of which are still vi- sible upon the banks of the Delaware. The manor of Pennsbury, which was appurtenant to this mansion, comprised many acres of excellent soil, which, at this day, is distinguished for its fer- tility, and forms a considerable portion of Falls township.
The surface of this county is under- laid and divided by three distinct geo- logical formations. The primitive for- mation, consisting of griers rock, en- ters the county below New Hope and extends S. W. through it. The width of this formation from the Delaware is imperfectly marked. It is succeeded by a secondary tract in which lime- stone of an excellent quality is found. Next to this is a broad belt of the old red sandstone, which pertains to the transition formation.
A valuable mine of plumbago, or black lead, has been wrought for some years. It lies in Southampton t-ship, on the top of Edgehill, one and a half mile N. N. E. from Smithfield. in Phi- ladelphia co. It has been excavated to the depth of near 100 feet. The water is raised from it by two pumps, worked by a single horse, to within 30 feet of the surface, where it passes off by a side drain. Within three years by these imperfect means, with the as- sistance of from three to six hands, 25,000 dollars worth of the mineral has been raised. The plumbago of this mine is said to be the purest known except that of one mine in England. It is barrelled up and sold at from fif. teen to forty cents per pound.
Bucks county is bounded on the N. E. and S. E. by the Delaware river, which separates it from the state of
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N. Jersey, on the S. W. by Philadel- phia and Montgomery counties, and on the N. W. by Lehigh and Northamp- ton. Its greatest length is 37 ms. and mean width 16 ms. Area 600 sq. ms. The surface of the country on the S. is tolerably level, but becomes rolling and even hilly towards the N. and N. W., but it is in general delightfully variegated. Central lat. 40° 20', lon. 1º 50' E. of W. C. The soil, like the surface, is much diversified, but it is generally of good quality. That of the limestone basis is the strongest. But there are some excellent alluvial lands on the Delaware, of which Penns- bury manor affords the best sample ; and the debris of the red sand stone, when manured with lime, produce ad- mirable crops of wheat and other grain, and exceedingly fine grass.
The county is well but not abun- dantly watered. Next to the Dela- ware, which washes the eastern and south-eastern boundary, the Nesha- miny is the most considerable stream. 'This runs nearly centrally through the county, for near half its length, and of its tributaries, some intersect the western boundary in several places, whilst others approach the eastern one. This river, for such it may be justly called, empties into the Delaware, about 3 miles below Bristol. The N. E. branch of the Perkiomen creek ri- ses in this county. Tohickon, a consid- derable creek, joins the Delaware at the S. E. angle of Tinicum township. There are several other inconsidera- ble streams, among which, Ingham's spring merits special notice. The prin- cipal roads are kept in tolerable re- pair; but there is only one turnpike, that running from Philadelphia to Mor- risville, which passes through the county.
The state canal from Easton to Bris- tol, passes through the county, and at the latter place communicates with the Delaware by a large and commodious artificial basin.
The chief towns are Bristol, Doyles- town, Newton, Hulmeville, Attleboro', Morrisville, Danville, New Hope,
Falsington, Springtown, Strawn- town, &c. (See these titles respec- tively.) Near the first is a hamlet call- ed Bath, which once was in considera- ble repute as a watering place, having some medicinal springs ; but although the place has attractions, we believe it is not now much resorted to.
There are several fine bridges in the county, across the Neshaminy riv- er, and particularly over the Dela- ware, at Morrisville, at New Hope, and at Centreville. The Trenton bridge is 1100 feet long, and 36 wide.
The population according to the census of 1830, is 45,740, of whom 877 were aliens, 14 deaf and dumb, 9 blind, 6 slaves, 22,674 white males, 21,- C50 white females, 751 free colored males, and 650 free colored females.
The counties of Bucks and Mont- gomery constitue the 7th judicial dis- trict of the state, over which John Fox, Esq. presided in 1831. The county courts are holden at Doylestown on the 4th Monday in April, and 2d Mon- days in September, December, and February.
The counties of Bucks, Northamp- ton, Wayne, and Pike form the 8th con- gressional district, represented in the 22d congress by Peter Ihrie, Jr. and Samuel H. Smith. Bucks alone forms the 5th senatoral district, sending one representave.
The public buildings consist of a court house of stone, in which are al- so the county offices. It is a neat structure, surmounted with a cupola, and surrounded by an enclosed lot or park, in the most elevated part of the town, from which there is a delight- ful view of the country particularly on the S. and W. for several miles. A county prison is nearly adjacent to the court house, and a poor house, in War- wick t-ship, about 4 ms. from Doyles- town.
The latter is a large and commodi- ous building of stone, capable of accom- modating comfortably 200 persons. The site is well chosen for health and beauty, and has annexed to it an ex- tensive farm, highly cultivated. 'This
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institution was established by virtue of | township free school," in 1807, "The an act of assembly passed 10th April Union academy of Doylestown," in 1808. The Hughosian free school, in Buckingham t-ship, in 1813. To the first of these institutions the Common- wealth granted $4000 on the 16th of March, 1798 ; to the second the rents of certain lands, together with cor- porate powers, on the 24th March, 1807; to the third a power to raise $3000 by lottery, in 1805, and the sum of $800 in 1807, upon the con- ditition that poor children, not exceed- ing three at one time, should be taught gratis, but none to continue longer than one year, and in 1827 this acad- emy was incorporated. 1807, at the expense of the county. It is managed by three directors, one of whom is chosen annually and serves for a term of three years. They have also charge of all the paupers of the county, whether resident or not, in the poor house. Their expenditures are paid from a tax levied by the com- missioners of the county at the requi- sition of the directors and disbursed by their order on the county treasur- er. The directors may hold in trust &c. lands &c. not exceeding the year- ly value of $10,000, and personal es- tate to any amount-may erect suita- ble buildings, &c. for the accommoda- This co. is chiefly agricultural, and its farmers in the southern and central parts, do not yield in skill and wealth to any in the state. An agricultural society is established in the county, and the utility of the institution may be inferred from the steady advance in the improvement of the quality and quantity of cattle and sheep, and the increase of the soil. There are, how- ever, manufactures of various kinds, carried on extensively. Paper and buttons are made at Morrisville ; there are extensive cotton and woollen fac- tories at Milford, or Hulmeville, and at New Hope. tion of the poor-appoint a treasurer annually-may employ and remove at pleasure, stewards, matrons, physi- cians and surgeons-and may bind out as apprentices, such poor children as come under their notice-and may exercise all other powers vested in the overseers of the poor. The directors are required to account yearly with the county auditors, and to exhibit an- nually to the court of quarter sessions, a list of the number, ages and sexes of the persons maintained and employed in the house of employment, or supported or assisted by them elsewhere; and of the children by them apprenticed, with the names and occupation of the mas- ters, &c. and submit, when required, to the examination of visitors appoint- ed by the court of quarter sessions, their books and accounts, payments and receipts, and a statement of sales, pur- chases and bequests, &c. The direc- tors are required to visit the poor-house at least monthly, and are allowed an annual compensation of $40 each. Vacancies in the direction may be sup- plied by remaining directors.
Besides the general provisions made by law for the education of the inhab- itants, the people have in several dis- tricts exerted themselves to provide proper means for the education of their children. Thus an "academy and free school of Bucks county," was es- tablished at Newtown; " The Falls
The farmer's bank of Bucks coun- ty, the only one within the county, was established under the general act of assembly of 21st March, 1814, and was originally located at Hulme- ville, but has since been removed to Bristol, where it continues. In 1830 its capital was $60,000, notes in cir- culation, $76,228 ; deposits and un- claimed dividends $30,454 44; bills discounted $101,686 99. The New- Hope bridge company carried on bank- ing operations for a few years, but sev- eral years since became embarrassed, and have not again, we believe, re- sumed their operations.
'This county paid into the state treas- ury in 1831
For tax on banks, $103 06
Tax on writs, 665 67
Tavern licences, 1,062 23
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Duties on dealers in foreign mdze.
857 50
Tax on collateral inheritances, 778 93
$3,467 39
The taxable real estate of the coun- ty was assessed in 1826 at $12,941, 919, in 1829, $14,422,564.
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