USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 31
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The Delaware Water Gap is one! of the greatest natural curiosities of the state. It would seem from the quantity of alluvial lands above the mountain, that at some remote period a dam of great height here obstructed its progress. If it had been as high, or half as high as the mountain, it would have raised the water so that it might have run into the North River. ( ried down the stream must have been
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deposited in this gulph. SupposingHlow Philadelphia on the river. At the dam to have sunk 1000 years ago, and two feet of earth per annum, to have been thus deposited, 2000 feet must thus have been heaped upon the original dam, supposed to have been 150 or 200 feet high.
The " Gap" is 30 miles above East- on, and 80 from Philadelphia. It may be most conveniently approached by Dutotsburg, on the N. side of the mountain where good accommodations may be obtained, and from whence by an agreeable morning's walk the vis- iter may ascend to the summit of the mountain, and enjoy one of the finest and most extended prospects in Penn- sylvania.
At Easton, the Delaware receives the Lehigh river, which rises in Wayne, Luzerne and Northampton counties. From the S. Mountain be- low Easton to the tide water at Tren- ton, the river has a S. W. course of about 60 miles, in which there are 25 noted rapids, with an aggregate fall of 165 feet. But the navigation has been improved, and is safe at the or- dinary height of the water. From Trenton to Philadelphia the distance is about 35 miles ; and to Bristol, 15 miles. From Easton to Bristol the Delaware division of the state canal has been completed, and is now navi- gable, affording by its connection with the Lehigh canal, a most desirable and advantageous communication with the Lehigh coal mines, and the valley of the Lehigh river. At Philadel- phia, the river is divided into two chan- nels by Petty's Island and Smith's Isl- and. The western channel near the
centre of the city is 900 feet wide, have induced the national gover nment
with a mean depth of 305 feet, and from the island to N. Jersey 2100 feet, with a mean depth of 9 feet ; the whole area equal to 46,350 feet- affording a commodious and safe har: bor, to which ships of the line may ascend. About 7 miles below Phila- delphia, the Schuylkill river flows in- to the Delaware. Chester, Marcus Hook, New Castle, and the new city of Delaware are the only towns be-
the last, is the outlet of the Chesa- peake and Delaware canal, which unites the two bays by an artificial water course of 14 miles in length, through which vessels usually em- ployed in the Bay trade, pass. Oppo- site Delaware city is Delaware fort, a large fortress, which commands the passage of the river.
Here the Bay may be said to com- mence, 45 miles from the city of Phil- adelphia, and extends 70 miles to the ocean, with a width varying from 3 to 30 miles, occupying an area of 630,000 acres. Its navigation is dan- gerous and difficult, being invested by many shoals, which often prove de- structive to vessels. It opens into the Atlantic ocean N. W. and S. E. be- tween cape Henlopen on the right, and cape May on the left, which are about 20 miles apart. The bay and river are navigable from the sea, to the great or lower falls at Trenton, 155 miles. A 74 gun ship may go to Philadelphia, 120 miles. The dis- tance across the land, by a S. E. course through New Jersey to the sea coast, is but 60 miles. Sloops go to Trenton falls, and boats of 8 or 10 tons burthen 100 miles higher up, and Indian canocs, 150 miles.
The bay of Delaware below fort Penn, offers no safe harborage, nor is there S. of New York for several hun- dred miles, any place where a vessel during the rudest season of the year, when approach to the coast is most dangerous, may seek protection against the elements. The losses which have arisen from this cause,
to commence the erection of an artifi- cial port, or breakwater, at the en- trance of the bay. The law for this purpose was passed in 1828-9, and the work is in steady progression, and will speedily be completed. The an- chorage ground, or roadstead, is formed by a cove in the southern shore, di- rectly W. of the cape and the sea- ward end, on an extensive shoal called the Shears ; the tail of which makes
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out from the shore about 5 miles up }harbor, which will be formed by these the bay, near Broadkill creek, from works and the cove of the southern shore, and which is calculated to af- ford a perfect shelter over a water surface of 7 tenths of a square mile. whence it extends castward, and ter- minates at a point, about two miles to the northward of the shore at the cape. The breakwater consists of an insola- The are five bridges erected over the river Delaware. One at Morris- ville and Trenton ; (See Morrisville,) one at New Hope ; (See New Hope,) one at a place about 4 miles above New Hope, called Centreville ; one at Easton, and one at the Columbia ted dyke or wall of stone, the trans- versal section of which is a trapezi- um, the base resting on the bottom, whilst the summit line forms the top of the work. The other sides repre- sent the inner and outer slopes of the work, that to the seaward being much greater than the other. The inward slope is 45°, the top is horizontal, 22 feet in breadth, and raised 51 feet above the highest spring tide ; the outward or sea slope is 39 feet in alti- tude, upon a base of 1052 feet ; both these dimensions being measured in re- lation to a horizontal plane passing by a point 27 feet below the lowest spring tide. The base bears to the altitude nearly the same ratio, as similar lines in the profiles of the Cherbourg and Plymouth breakwaters. The open- ing or entrance from the ocean is 650 yards in width, between the N. part of the cape and the E. end of the breakwater. At this entrance the harbor will be accessible during all winds coming from the sea. The dyke is formed in a straight line from E. S. E. to W. N. W .; 1200 yards is the length of this portion of the work, which is properly the breakwa- ter. At the distance of 350 yards from the upper or western end of the breakwater, (which space forms the upper entrance,) a similar dyke of Delaware run, Turbut t-ship, North- umberland co. a small tributary of the Susquehannah river. 500 yards in length, is projected in a direct line W. by S. } S. forming an angle of 146° 15' with the break water. This part of the work is more particu- larly designed as an icebreaker.
The whole length of the two dykes, now partly constructed, will be 1700 yards. They will contain, when fin- ished, 900,000 cubic yards of stone, composed of pieces of basaltick rock and granite, weighing from a quarter of a ton to three tons and upwards. The depth of water at low tide is from four to six fathoms throughout the
glass manufactory. Authority has also been given to erect a bridge over the river at Philadelphia, and another at Taylorsville, above Centreville. The Delaware and Hudson canal crosses the river, by means of a dam constructed below the mouth of the Lackawaxen.
Delaware, t-ship, Pike co. bounded N. by Lackawaxen and upper Smith- field t-ships, E. and S. E. by the Dela- ware river, S. by middle Smithfield t-ship, and W. by Palmyra t-ship; greatest length 143, greatest breadth 14 miles. It is watered by Dingmans ereek, Buslıkill creek, and its tributa- ries, which run N. and S. through it, and by several minor streams. The surface is broken and uneven; soil gravelly loam. There is a post town at Dingmans ferry, on the Delaware, about 40 miles above Easton, and 10 below Milford, at which there is an academy, established and incorpor- ated under act of 4th March, 1813, and aided by a donation from the state of $1000.
Delaware, t-ship, Mercer co. bound- ed N. by Salem, E. by Cool Spring, S. by Lackawannock and W. by Pyma- tuning t-ships. Centrally distant N. W. from Mercer borough, 7 miles. It forms an oblong of 8 by 6 miles ; area 30,720 acres ; surface somewhat hilly ; soil, clay, and loam. Taxable proper- ty in 1829, real estate $67,546; per- sonal $9,166; rate 4 mills on the dol- lar. The Shenango creek enters the t-ship, in the N. W. angle, and mak-
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ing what is termed the big bend, flows out of it westerly, south of the centre of the W. line, receiving from the t-ship, Lackawannock creek, which enters it at S. E.
Delaware, p-o. Pike co. (see Bush- ville.)
Delmar, t-ship, Tioga co. formerly occupied nearly the whole of the south west quarter of the co. but has been subdivided of late into several t-ships. The whole of this section of the co. is watered by Pine creek, and its branches, the main stream rising in the centre of Potter co. flows E. S. E. and S. W. into the west branch of the Susquehannah, above Jersey Shore borough, in Lycoming co. and is navi- gable from W. of the Potter co. line. The country is hilly; soil, gravel, heavily timbered with oak, beech, hemlock, and white pine. Much lum- ber is sent to market by Pine creek and the Susquehannah river. It is es- timated that five millions of feet were floated down these streams in the spring of 1832. Pop. of the t-ship in 1830, 622; taxables 135.
Derry, t-ship, Dauphin co. bounded N. by the Swatara creek which sepa- rates it from Hanover, E. by London- derry t-ship, S. by Lancaster, and W. by the Swatara creek. Centrally dis- tant from Harrisburg S. E. 12 miles ; greatest length 8, greatest breadth 7 miles ; area 18,000 acres; surface di- versified; soil, limestone and slate. Pop. in 1830, 2273; taxables 392, val- uation 1832, $645,403.
Derry, t-ship, Columbia co. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Madison t-ship, S. by Mahoning and W. by Limestone t-ship. Centrally distant N. of Danville 10 miles; greatest length 11, breadth 5} miles; area, 17,920 acres; surface level ; soil clay and limestone. Pop. in 1830, 1688 ; taxables 347. The S. boundary fol- lows the Mahoney ridge. The Chilis- quaque creek flows S. through the t-ship, near the W. boundary, and after passing the p-v. of Washington, turns S. W. into Limestone t-ship. It receives several small streams from
the right and left ; post office is 187 miles from W. C. and 77 from Har- risburg.
Derry, t-ship, Westmoreland co. bounded N. and N. E. by the Cone- maugh r. S. E. by Chestnut ridge, and S. W. and W. by Loyalhanna river. Centrally distant N. E. from Greens- burg 14 miles; greatest length 18, breadth 12} miles; area 74,880 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, loam, gravel and limestone. In addition to the rivers, the t-ship is watered by Stoney run, and McGee's run. Port Johnson is in the N. angle of the t-ship, at the con- fluence of the Conemaugh and Loyal- hanna rivers, below and nearly oppo- site to Saltzburg. Salt is abundantly found here on both sides of the Cone- maugh r. New Alexandria, a post town, lies on the Loyalhanna river above the mouth of Crabtree creek, and on the turnpike road leading from Ebensburg to Greensburg, and New Derry, also a post town north of Mc Gee's run.
Derry, t-ship, Mifflin co. bounded N. E. by Decatur and Fermanagh t-ships, S. E. by Milford t-ship, S. W. by Wayne t-ship, and N. W. by Jacks mountain, which seperates it from Un- ion and Armagh t-ship; greatest length 12, breadth 8 miles ; area 34, 560 acres. Lewistown, the county town, lies on the river Juniata, at the foot of Limestone ridge; north of which, and S. of Jack's mountain, is Ferguson's valley. The Kishcoquilla creek flows S. through the t-ship, into the river at Lewistown, and Jack's creek S. W. uniting with the river, about a mile below the town. The turnpike road from Duncans island to Huntingdon, runs W. through the town, and the turnpike road to Bellefonte, runs N. from it.
Derry, New, p-t. of Derry t-ship, Westmoreland co. 14 miles N. E. of Greensburg, 188 from W. C. and 166 from Harrisburg, contains 12 houses, 2 stores and 2 taverns.
Dial Knob, a noted eminence of the Capous range of mountains, lying on the boundary line between Exter
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and Pittstown t-ships, Luzerne co. near the Suspuehannah river. It is 1125 feet high, and is in the centre of the Luzerne coal region, about 10 miles in a direct line N. E. of Wilkes- barre.
Diamonds mills, village of Greene t-ship, Indianna co. at the confluence of Buck run, with Two Lick creek, 10 miles N. E. of Indiana borough, contains 4 or 5 dwellings, 1 store, and a mill.
Dible's Gap, a pass in the Mahan- tango mountain, Upper Paxton t-ship, Dauphin co. about 27 miles in a direct line N. of Harrisburg.
Dickenson, t-ship, Cumberland co. bounded N. by West Pennsborough, E. by South Middleton t-ships, S. by Adams co. and W. by Newton t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. from Carlisle 10 miles ; greatest length, and breadth 10} miles ; area 51,240 acres; surface partly hilly ; soil limestone. Pop. in 1830, 2523; taxables 413. It is drained by the Yellow Breeches creek, which flows eastwardly through the middle of the t-ship, and by its tribu- tary, Mountain creek ; upon the former, there is a furnace near the centre of its course, and another call- ed Pine Grove on the latter, near the S. boundary. Iron is abundant in the South mountain, and that near Pine Grove is of extraordinary purity. The post office, called after the t-ship, is 108 miles N. of W. C. and 36 W. of Harrisburg.
Dick's Hill, a noted eminence of Rye t-ship, Perry co. extending about 7 miles W. from Juniata river, in the N. part of the township.
Dillsburg, or Dillstown, p-t. Carroll t-ship, York co. 20 miles N. W. of the borough of York, 98 from W. C. and 12 from Harrisburg.
Dilworthtown, p-t. of Birmingham t-ship, Chester co. 23 miles W. of Philadelphia, and 5 S. of West Ches- ter, 118 miles from W. C. and 79 from Harrisburg, contains 15 or 20 dwellings, &c.
Dill's ferry, over the river Delaware in Upper Mount Bethel t-ship, North-
ampton co. about 18 miles above Eas- ton, 210 N. E. from W. C. 123 from Harrisburg. There is a post office here. The town of Columbus in N. Jersey is on the opposite bank.
Dimmockville, p-o. of Susquehan- nah co. 274 miles from W. C. and 175 from Harrisburg.
Dingman's Ferry, p-t. of Delaware t-ship, Pike co. 28 miles above the Delaware Water Gap, and 8 below Milford, 244 N. E. of W. C. and 149 from Harrisburg. There is a ferry over the Delaware from this place. An academy was established here and incorporated by act of 4th March, 1813, to which the state gave $1000.
District, East, t-ship, Berks co., bounded N. by Longswamp, S. by Cole Crockdale, E. by Hereford, S. E. by Pike, and N. E. by Rockland. Great- est length 42, breadth 3} miles ; area, 6,500 acres ; surface, large hills ; soil, gravel, and very indifferent, average value when improved, about $20 per acre. Pop. in 1830, 562; taxables, 1828, 114. Pine creek, a confluent of the Manatawny, rises in this t-ship, on which there is a furnace.
Dividing mountain, a ridge of the Allegheny, about 10 miles in length, in Fannet t-ship, Franklin co. which runs N. E. and S. W. and separates Path valley from Amberson's valley.
Doe run, a tributary of Buck run, which divides East Fallowfield from Londonderry t-ship, Chester co. It is a small stream with several mills upon it, having a course of about 8 miles.
Doe run, p-o. Chester co. 107 miles from W. C. and 64 from Harrisburg.
Dolinton, p-t. of Upper Wakefield t-ship, Bucks co., situated at the inter- section of the Newtown and Falsing- ton roads, and near the S. township. Distant from Phila. about 25 ms. N. E .; from Doylestown, 13 ms. S. E .; 171 ms. from W. C. and 133 from Harrisburg. Contains a tavern, 7 or 8 dwellings, and a church.
Donegal, t-ship, Washington co., bounded N. by Hopewell, E. by Buffa- lo, S. by Findlay t-ships, and W. by the state of Virginia ; centrally dis-
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tant from Washington bor. 12 miles ; || phin co. ; centrally distant N. W. from greatest length 8, breadth 6} miles ; area, 25,600 acres ; surface, very hil- lp ; soil, loam ; coal, abundant. Pop. in 1830, 2093; taxables, 470. The t-ship is drained N. W. by the Dutch fork of Buffalo creek, Bush run and Castleman's run. The national road runs S. W. through it, upon which lie Clay'sville on the E. and West Alex- andria on the W. boundary ; both post towns.
Donegal, t-ship, Westmoreland co. bounded N. E. by Ligonier t-ship, S. E. by Laurel Hill, which divides it from Somerset co. S. W. by Fayette co. and N. W. by Chesnut ridge, which separates it from Mt. Pleasant and Unity t-ships ; centrally distant from Greensburg 16 miles ; greatest length 11, breadth 10} miles; area, 60,160 acres ; surface, hills and val- ley ; soil, limestone and loam. Pop. in 1830, 2052 ; taxables, 337. It is drained on the E. by Four-mile run, Two-mile run, and Loyalhanna creek, and on the W. by the head waters of Jacob's and Indian creeks ; upon both of which there are iron works. Hope- well furnace is on the latter. The turn- pike road from Somerset to Washing- ton runs N. W. through the t-ship. The post office, named after the town- ship, is 183 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 161 from Harrisburg.
Donegal, t-ship, Butler co., bounded N. by Packer t-ship, E. by Armstrong co. S. by Clearfield t-ship, and W. by Centre t-ship. It forms a square of 8 miles ; centrally distant from Butler borough 9 ms. N. E .; area, 40,960 acres ; surface, rolling, hilly ; soil, loam, clay, sand, gravel. Pop. 1830, 1085 ; taxables, 228. It is drained, N.E. by Bear creek, S. E. by a branch of Buffalo, and W. by tributaries of the Conequenessing creek. Iron ore and stone coal of excellent quality are found here, and invite to the manufac- ture of iron.
Donegal, t-ship, Lancaster co., bounded N. by Mount Joy t-ship, E. by Raphs t-ship, S. and S. W. by the Susquehannah r. and N. W. by Dau-
Lancaster, 17 ms. ; length 11, breadth 6 ms. ; area, 33,891 acres. Pop. in 1830, 6058; taxables, 1132. This t-ship has been divided into E. and W. Donegal, but we have not the line of division. East Donegal contains 13 distilleries, 2 tan yards, 4 grist mills, 1 saw mill and 2 breweries. West Donegal, 8 distilleries, 1 fulling mill and 4 grist mills. The t-ship is bound- ed E. by Little Chiques creek, Share's run and Coney creek. The turnpike road from Lancaster to Harrisburg, runs on the N. line, on which are the villages of Mt. Joy, Richland, Spring- ville and Elizabethtown ; the first and last are post towns. Marietta, Bain- bridge and Falmouth, are on the river, all of which are post towns ; and May- town, 2 miles from the river, also a post town.
Douglass, t-ship, Berks co. bounded N. by Colebrookdale, E. by the river Schuylkill, S. by Montgomery co., W. by Amity and Earl t-ships ; greatest length 51, width 2 miles ; area, 7000 acres ; surface, undulating ; soil, grav- el, not remarkably fertile. Pop. in 1810, 660; in 1820, 1046; in 1830, 1210; taxables, 230. The Philadel- phia and Reading turnpike road cross- es the township near its southern boun- dary. There is a forge on the Mana- tawny creek, called Pine forge, and a post office called Douglassville, 147 miles N. from W. C. and 64 E. from Harrisburg.
Douglass, t-ship, Montgomery co. bounded N. E. by Upper Hanover, S. E. by New Hanover, S. W. by Doug- lass t-ship, Berks co., W. by Cole- brookdale, and N. W. by Hereford t-ships, in the latter co. The surface is hilly, and soil red shale. The form of the t-ship is a parallelogram of 72 miles by 2 ; area, 10,240 acres. The west branch of the Perkiomen and Swamp creek run across, on each of which there is a mill. Pop. in 1830, 941; taxables in 1828, 205.
Douglass' Mills, p-t. Perry t-ship, 129 ms. from W. C., 42 N. W. from Harrisburg.
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Dover, t-ship, York co., bounded N. E. by Conewago, S. E. by W. Manchester, S. by Paradise, W. by Washington, and N. W. by Warrington t-ships ; centrally distant from the bo- rough of York 8 miles ; greatest length 8Į miles, breadth 7 ms. ; area, 23,040 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, red shale of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1874. The Great Conewago creek follows the W. and N. W. boundary, and the Little Conewago the S. W. Salmon creek is a tributary of the former, and Fox run of the latter. The Conewa- go hills cross it from S. W. to N. E. Dover, a post town, and Weigelstown, lie on the road from York borough to Ross Town, the former distant from the borough N. W. 7 miles, and the latter about 5 miles. Taxable proper- ty in 1829, real estate, 304,431 ; per- sonal, 18,380; occupations, 37,640 ; total, $360,451; rate, 25 cts. on the $100.
Dover, p-t. York co. (see preceding article) distant from W. C. 94 miles, and 12 from Harrisburg.
Downing's Town, a p-t. and village of East Caln t-ship, Chester co. on the turnpike road from Philadelphia to Lancaster, 33 ms. W. of N. from the former, and about the same distance from the latter. It is situated in the great valley, surrounded with rich and fertile farms, and contains many noble and spacious houses of stone, and per- haps no place in the state affords a more satisfactory impression of rural wealth and contentment than this vil- lage and its vicinity. It comprehends 40 dwellings, several stores, 2 taverns, 1 or more grist mills, a woollen facto- ry, and a Quaker meeting house. The East Branch of the Brandywine river passes through the town.
Doylestown, t-ship, Bucks co. bound- ed N. by Plumstead, E. by Bucking- ham, S. E. by Warwick, S. by War- rington, and W. by New Britain t- ships. Centrally distant from Phila. 25 miles ; greatest length 4}, greatest breadth 4 miles; area, 9603 acres. The surface of the t-ship is rolling ; soil, gravelly loam, well cultivated and
|| productive. The Neshaminy crosses the southern portion of the t-ship, and receives from it Pine run, and another mill stream which rises N. E. of Doylestown. The main road from Phila. to Easton passes through the t-ship, on which are the towns of Bridgeport, at the confluence of the last mentioned stream with the Nesha- miny (and here also is a noble stone bridge, of several arches, built at co. expense,) Houghville, at which there Jis a woollen manufactory, and Doyles- town, a p-t. and st. jus. Pop. in 1830, 1781; taxables in 1828, 362.
Doylestown, p-t. and st. jus. Bucks co. 26 ms. N. of Phila. in Doylestown t-ship. This town is situated upon a high hill, and has a commanding view of a delightful and fertile country which surrounds it, and is not less remarka- ble for salubrity than for the beauty of its location. The public buildings consist of a neat and commodious stone court house, in which are the co. offi- ces, and of a capacious stone prison. There are in the town about 100 dwel- lings, 5 stores, 6 taverns. Two daily stages pass through it to Easton. A branch of the Neshaminy creek passes near to and east of the town. There lis here a Presbyterian church, an aca- demy, which is incorporated and has received several donations from the state, an academy of natural sciences, an agricultural society, and four week- ly newspapers, viz. The Bucks County Intelligencer, The Bucks County Re- publican, The Doylestown Democrat, and the Doylestown Express ; the last is a German paper.
Drake, or Dreek creek, a small stream of Northampton co. running N. of Pine hill. It is a rapid stream, and has a course of 6 or 8 ms. to the Lehigh r. into which it flows about 2 ms. below the Rock Eddy falls.
Drinker's run, a small tributary of the Lehigh r. which rises in and has a course of 5 ms. in Covington t-ship, Luzerne co.
Dromore, t-ship, Lancaster county, bounded N. by Barts, N. E. by Cole- raine, S. E. by Little Britain, S. W.
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by the Susquehannah r. and N. W. by Martick t-ship. Centrally distant from the city of Lancaster 15 ms. S. E .; greatest length 10 miles, greatest breadth 6; area, 29,391 acres ; sur- face, rolling ; soil, clay. Pop. in 1830, 1629 ; taxables 310. The W. branch of the Octarara cr. forms the N. E. boundary, and Muddy creek makes part of the N. W. line. Conewingo creek crosses it from N. W. to S. E. and upon this stream there is a forge, and Fishing and Fairfield creeks flow from it into the Susquehannah river. Fairfield is a small village near the S. W. boundary ; and the p-o. centrally situated in the t-ship, is called Mount Pleasant. There are in the t-ship 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 1 tanyard, 1 ful- ling mill, 3 grist mills, 5 saw mills, 2 oil mills, 1 carding machine, 2 tilt hammers, 1 rolling mill.
Drumheller's Mill creek, rises in Lu- zerne co. and flows S. W. thro' Lau- sanne t-ship, Northampton co. into Quakak cr. a tributary of the Lehigh r. It is a mill stream, but not navi- gable.
Dry ridge, a mountain range of Na- pier t-ship, Bedford co. between the Raystown branch of the Juniata river and Buffalo creek.
Dry run, p-o. Franklin co. 113 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 63 S. W. from Harrisburg.
Dublin, Lower, t-ship, Philadelphia co. bounded N. E. by the t-ship of Moreland and by Bucks co., S. E. by the r. Delaware, S. W. by the t-ship of Oxford, and N. W. by Montgomery co. Centrally distant from Phila. 10 ms. ; greatest length 5, breadth 3 ms. ; area 9500 acres ; surface, gentle de- clivities ; soil, sandy loam, and gene- rally well cultivated. Pop. in 1830, 2705. The Pennypack creek flows centrally through it by a comparative and S. E. course of 5 ms. giving mo- tion to 4 grist mills, 1 slitting mill, 1 tilt and blade mill, 1 cotton manufac- tory, 3 saw mills, 1 woollen factory, and 1 calico printing factory, very ex- tensively conducted, belonging to S. Comly, near to Holmesburg. It re-
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