USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 66
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days of February, May, August, and Nov. ; and special sessions weekly, on Fridays, when business requires. Judge, Joseph Hopkinson, Esq. The circuit court, composed of the district judge and one of the judges of the supreme court, holds two terms annu- ally, on the 11th of April and Oct., has original and appellate jurisdiction.
The city and co. of Philadelphia, paid into the state treasury in the year 1831,
Bank dividends, including div.
on Schuylkill navigation, $125,636 97
Tax on offices, viz. prothonota-
ry of district court, 1,943 34
Do. of common pleas,
1,458 58
Deputy attorney general,
109 50
Under this head should be in-
cluded the sums paid by the
register & recorder, of which no return appears in the au-
ditor's report in 1831 ; these
amounted together to the sum of
4,483 11
Tax on writs,
4,439 46
Auction duties,
126,501 85
Auction commissions,
12,100 00
Tavern licenses,
9,708 71
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize,
21,219 86
State maps,
80 75
Tax on collateral inheritances,
14,334 84
Pamphlet laws,
30 98
Militia and exempt fine's,
587 40
Tin and clock pedlars' licenses, 171 00
Hawkers' and pedlars' licenses,
815 90
$326,625 25
STATISTICAL TABLE OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth .! Bth.
Population. 1820, 1830,
Taxa, bles.
City,
2
1
63,802
80,477
16,542
N. Liberties, built part,
1 1-2 1 1-4
19,678
28,923
5,566
Southwark,
1 1-4 1 1-4
14,713
20,746
3,067
Blockley,
1
5
2,655
3,401
749
Bristol,
5 J-23
1,257
1,45
347
Byberry,
5
2 1-2
876
1,018
906
Dublin, Lower,
5
3
2,640
2,705
589
Germantown,
5
1-2 2
4,311
4,642
1,033
Kingsessing,
5
1-2
1,188
1,068
2.11
Moyamensing,
2
3,963
6,822
1,766
Moreland,
5
443
418
103
N. Liberties, out part,
3
4 1-2
1,810
2,453
464
Oxford, including bor. of Frankf'd, 3
2,720
3,139
751
Passyunk,
3 3-43
1,638
1,441
262
Penn t-ship, inclu- ding Spring Gar- den,
1
:1
6,598
13,648
2,205
Roxborough,
5
1,689
3,33-1
642
Kensington,
13,326
2,757
137,9741188,961 37,281
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Philadelphia city. We have in the preceding article, given the greater portion of interesting matter which pertains to this head ; but shall note here some historical points, and give a concise view of the municipal gov- ernment. The city stands on a high and level piece of alluvial ground, between the Delaware and Schuyl- kill rivers. The spot, chosen with great judgment, was designated to Penn by his commissioners, Crispin Bezar and Allen, soon after his ar- rival in the province ; and the plot, nearly in its present form, was sur- veyed at the close of the year 1682, by the first surveyor general of the province, Thomas Holme. The ground selected was claimed by three Swedes, named Swenson, who relinquished it for a smaller tract at a short distance. These Swedes have given their name to a street of Southwark. The name of the city is derived from a city of Asia Minor, and is compounded of two Greek words,-Philos, friend, and Adelphos, brother. We are told by Proud that the Indian name of the place was Coaquenaku, which is ren- dered by Heckewelder, the grove of the tall pines. It is in lat. 39º 56' 54" N., and long. 75° 8' 45" W. from Greenwich, 120 ms. distant from the Atlantic Ocean by the course of the river, and about 55 ms. from it, in a direct line S. E. The fronts on the two rivers give it important commer- cial advantages ; the excellent harbor on the Delaware, the level surface of the ground, good clay for bricks, in- exhaustible stone quarries in the vi- cinity, and the salubrity of the atmos- phere, render its site in every respect desirable. The city plot surveyed, is two ms. from river to river, and ex- tends on the margin of each one, making the circumference six miles. The street are from 50 to 113 feet in width, running parallel to, and at right angles with each other. Within the original limits it consists of 9 streets, running E. and W. from the Dela, ware to the Schuylkill, and 25 running N. and S. from Vine to Cedar street. The carriage ways are mostly paved
with boulders taken from the r. and its banks, and the foot ways with brick. The latter are separated from the former, and defended by curb stones firmly set. The houses are remarkable for their neatness, com- modiousness, and uniformity, and the streets for their spaciousness and cleanliness. In good houses, white marble has been long much used for steps, sills, water table and facia, and latterly, is frequently employed for facing the whole fronts of public buil- dings, and the fronts of the basement stories of private ones. The Dela- ware, opposite the city, is near a mile in width, and is navigable for vessels of the largest class. The Schuylkill is about 500 ft. wide at Market street, and is navigable for vessels of 300 tons to the permanent bridge. Au- thority has been given to connect the two rivers by a canal to cross the pe- ninsula about a mile below the city ; but the stock has not yet been taken; the project not being deemed readily practicable, nor probably profitable. But a rail road has been authorized (and the stock subscribed) from river to river, north of the city, which will doubtless be immediately completed.
Since the improvement of the Schuylkill by canals, &c., and the es- tablishment of the coal trade, the western part of the city has rapidly improved ; large and commodious stores and wharves, and numerous dwellings have been built ; several of the principal streets have been paved, and improvements of various kinds are in progress ; and the completion of the Columbia rail road, will give new and powerful impulse to improve- ments in this part of the city.
The city was originally chartered by the proprietary in 1801, but the provisions of the act of incorporation not being sufficiently popular, it was abrogated at the revolution, and the city continued under a provisional government from the year 1777 to the year 1789, when it received a charter from the commonwealth, for which an- other was substituted in 1796, under which it is at present governed.
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The municipal government of the || portion of his estate, supposed to ex- city is vested in a mayor, recorder; 15 aldermen, and a select and common council. The recorder and aldermen are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices during good behav- ior. Prior to April, 1826, the coun- cils were obliged to elect the mayor annually from the aldermen ; but by an act then passed, they were author- ized to select him from the body of the people. He annually appoints the city commissioners, solicitor, high con- stables, corders of wood, &c., and receives an annual compensation of $2000, besides perquisites of office, supposed to amount to $1000 more.
The members of the councils are chosen at the yearly general elections. Those of the select council serve three years, and those of the common coun- cil one. They receive no compensa- tion, sit in separate chambers, and must concur in all legislative acts.
The councils, by committees raised from their own bodies, manage the water works, and superintend gene- rally the paving of the city.
The mayor, recorder and aldermen, or any four of them, constitute the mayor's court, of which we have al- ready spoken.
In an account of the city of Phila- delphia, a conspicuous place is due to the bencfaction of the late Stephen Girard. This gentleman, a native of Bordeaux, who commenced life as a pennyless sailor, had amasscd, many years before his death, several mill- ions of dollars, which he continued actively to employ, until his decease, in commerce and in banking.
He devoted himself and his funds with a clear and sound judgment, to the improvement of the city, by the erection of fine houses in various parts, and by liberal subscriptions and dona- tions in aid of every feasible project of public utility ; considering himself, it would seem, as a mere steward, or trustce of his immense property, for the use of the city. He died Dec. 28th, 1831, at the age of 84 years, having bequeathed much the greater
ceed in value $6,000,000, to his adop- ted and favorite city. He directed that $2,000,000 of his personal es- tate should be applied to the erection and support of a college, to be erected on a tract of land in Penn t-ship, con- taining 40 acres, which he purchased for that purpose ; the main and out buildings to be sufficiently spacious for the residence and accommodation of at least 300 scholars, and the requi- site teachers and other persons neces- sary in such an institution. And he further directed, that as many poor white male orphans, between the ages of 6 and 10 years, as the income of the balance of said sum, unexpended in the buildings, shall be adequate to maintain, shall be introduced into the college as soon as possible, and from time to time as there may be vacan- cies, or as increased ability from in- come may warrant, others to be intro- duced ; priority of admission to be given in the order of application, and preference to orphans born in the city of Philadelphia.
He further bequeathed the sum of $500,000, that the income thereof should be expended to lay out, regu- late, light, and pave a passage or street on the E. part of the city of Phila- delphia, fronting the river Delaware, not less than 21 feet wide, and to be called Delaware avenue, extending from Cedar st. along the E. part of Water st. squares and the W. side of the logs, which form the heads of the docks or thereabouts. And to pull down and remove all wooden build- ings, as well those made of wood and other combustible materials, as those called brick paned or framed buildings filled in with bricks, that are erected within the limits of the city, and to prohibit the erection of any such building within the city limits, at any future time. And after these objects shall have been attained, that the in- come of the said capital fund should be applied as the citizens should think fit, from time to time, to the further improvement of the Delaware front of
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the city. Mr. Girard by his will was also a liberal benefactor to the princi- pal public charities of the city.
The amount of real estate, as valu- cd at the triennial assessment of the present year (1832), is $25,818,144. But this sum certainly does not exceed half its true value, and perhaps is not a great deal more than a third. The expenditures of the city, including interest on its debt, appropriation to the sinking fund, and paving, lighting, watching, and cleansing, amount in the same year, to $305, 259 39.
The means for payment of this charge, are rents of real estate, market rts.,
and contingent receipts from city estates, $36,446 00
Balance of former taxes, 1,957 57
Balance of water rents, 17,512 08
Taxes levied for 1832, 220,000 00
Surplus water rent for 1832, 29,343 74
$305,259 39
By reason of the water works, and other great expenses, the city has contracted a debt at 6 per ct., of $540,100 00
And another at 5 per
ct., of
1,425,500 00
$1,965,600 00
For the redemption of this debt, she has established a sinking fund, towards which she appropriates annu- ally the sum of $16,000 from the water rents, and from the tax fund, $8000, making $24,000, and the in- cidental profits such as premiums on loans &c., and the annual interest on the capital of the sinking fund. From these sources that fund was increased during the year ending 1st March, 1832, $45,740 17, and then amounted to $330,031 56.
This fund, with the increase of the water rents, (now amounting to 70,000 dollars per annum) it is calculated will extinguish the present debt, as fast as it shall become payable. With
the assistance of the Girard fund, and the income of the city, it is also ex- pected that the taxes, now grown onerous, may be speedily reduced.
The reader will find a view of the commerce of Philadelphia in the pre- ceding part of the work, which treats of the general commerce of the state.
Phoenixville, p-t. of Schuylkill t-ship, Chester county, at the confluence of French creek, with the Schuylkill r., about 14 miles N. E. of West Chester, 132 from W. C., and 77 S. E. from Harrisburg, contains about 700 inhab- itants, and above 80 dwellings. A very extensive rolling mill and nail factory, originally established by Mr. Thomp- son, and now belonging to Messrs. Reeves & Whitaker, in which is a steam engine of 100 horse power, made in the city of Pittsburg. Another large rolling mill and nail manufac. tory belonging to the Messrs. Coates. These two factories produce above 2000 tons of nails per ann. ; they re- ceive their iron down the Schuylkill canal, chiefly from Berks co. A cotton factory, belonging to Messrs. Smith & Garrigues, having above 2000 spindles, and 50 looms ; the ma- chinery of which combines the latest improvements, and is of the best quali- ty. 2 stores and 2 taverns. A canal, which has received the name of the Chester co. canal, excavated by Mr. George Thompson, under an agree- ment with the Schuylkill navigation company, and communicating with the Providence dam, has supplied abundance of mill power for this town, not only for the works now erected, but for many others ; and the proprie- tors offer mill seats for sale upon rea- sonable terms. The country around this place is delightful, healthy and rich, provisions abundant and cheap.
Philipsborough, town of New Se- wickly t-ship, Beaver co., on the left bank of the Beaver creek, opposite to the town of Bridgewater, to which a fine bridge crosses the river. The town is about 2 miles from Beaver borough ; contains about 60 dwellings, 1 store, 1 tavern. The chief business
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Carried on here, is the building of Steamboats.
Philipsville, p-o., Erie co., 345 miles N. W. of W. C., and 284 from Har- risburg.
Philipsburg, p-t., of Rush t-ship, Centre co., on the Mushannon creek, which separates it from Clearfield co., and upon the turnpike road leading from Bellefonte to Franklin, 27 miles by the road from the former, 186 ms. N. W. of W. C., 114 from Harris- burg, and about 20 ms. from the con- fluence of the creek with the west branch of the Susquehannah. This is a handsome village, containing about 50 dwellings, an Episcopal ch., 3 taverns, several stores, a steam grist mill, a forge, wire and screw factory, all of which are carried on exten- sively. The screws are said to be superior in quality, and cheaper than those imported. The dwelling of Mr. Phillips, on the border of the town, is large and neat. The Mushannon cr. is navigable to the river.
Pigeon creek, Coventry t-ship, Ches- ter co., a tributary of the Schuylkill river; a finestream, on which there are many mills.
Pigeon hills, Paradise t-ship, York co., extend from Adams co. through the S. W. angle of this t-ship, and nearly to its E. boundary. They give name to a post office, 90 miles from W. C., and 32 from Harrisburg.
Pigeon creek, Washington co., ris- es by two branches in Somerset t-ship, and flows N. E. through Fallowfield t-ship, to the Monongahela river, at Williamsport. Its length is about 15 miles.
Pickering creek, rises in Uwchlan t-ship, Chester co., and flows through Pikeland and Charleston t-ships into the river Schuylkill, by a course of about 10 miles, turning many mills.
Pike county, was erected by virtue of the act of 26th March, 1814, from Wayne co., and is bounded N. E., E. and S. E. by the river Delaware, which separates it from New Jersey ; N. W. by Wayne co., W. by Luzerne and S. by Northampton. The great-
est length of the county is 31 miles, and breadth 25 miles ; arca, 772 sq. miles ; lat. 41° 20' N. long. 1º 50' E. from W. C. The surface of the county is hilly, or rather mountain- ous ; the soil rocky and generally bar- ren, but covered in many places with fine pine, hemlock, maple and beach timber. From its forests the inhabit- ants derive their chief support. The county lies wholly in the transition formation, chiefly of the debris of the conglomorate, pudding stone and slate rocks. There are, however, extensive alluvial flats along the margin of the Delaware river, that are very fertile, thickly settled, and well cultivated.
The Delaware river bounds the co. on one side, and the Lehigh partly on the other as we have already seen. Blooming Grove creek joins it about midway of its course. The Lacka- waxen river, formed by the confluence of the Waullenpaupack creek and Middle creek crosses the county on the north, forming the base of a triangle, of which the Delaware and the line of Luzerne county forms the other sides, and empties into the Delaware. Along its banks for its whole length runs the canal of the Hudson and Delaware ca- nal company. Shoholy, Big Pond, Glass Creek, Saw Kill, Ramy's Kill, Dingman's creek, Little Bush Kill, Bushkill creeks, are all tributaries of the Delaware, which have their sour- ces and course in this county. Trout, Tobyhanna, Broadhead's, Marshall's and Mill creeks, which flow through Northampton county, have their head waters in Pike. There are mills on all these streams ; but few of them are navigable.
The principal towns are Milford, the county town, Maria, Bushville, Dingman's Ferry.
The population of the county by the census of 1830, is 4,843, of which there were white males 2,449 ; white females 2,295 ; colored males 55 ; females 43 ; slaves 1; aliens 54 ; tax- ables 1828, 892.
Pike forins part of the eastern dis- trict of the supreme court ; and togeth-
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er with Luzerne and Wayne, forms the 11th district of the county courts, which are held on the third Mondays of January, April, August and No- vember, annually, at Milford. Con- nected with Northampton, Lehigh and Wayne, it forms the 12th senatorial district, sending two members to the senate ; and in union with Northamp- ton, Wayne and Pike, it sends four members to the house of representa- tives. Bucks, Northampton, Wayne and Pike, form the 8th Congressional district of the state, represented in the 22d congress by Peter Ihrie, Jr. and Samuel A. Smith.
The lumber business forms the chief employment of the inhabitants, who find a steady and profitable mar- ket for all they can prepare, at Phil- adelphia and at the towns and villages above it on the banks of the Delaware. There are,however, on the Delaware, 8 or 10 miles above Milford, some ex- tensive glass works.
There are few churches in the co., perhaps none except at Milford. But there are two academies, one at Ding- man's Ferry, on the Delaware, and the other at the town of Milford. To the latter, incorporated in 1827, the legislature gave $2000; and to the former we believe one thousand.
By the assessment of 1829, the seat- ed lands of the county were valued at $283,516; unseated at $360,455 ; and the personal estate and occupa- tions at $39,516. The rate of tax was 5 mills on the dollar.
This county paid into the state treas- ury, in 1831, for
Tax on writs, 50
Tavern licenses, 284 24
Duties on dealers in foreign
merchandize, - 119 58
Hawkers' & pedlars' licenses 45 60
$499 42
Pikeland, t-ship, Chester co., bound- ed N. E. by the river Schuylkill, S. E. by Charlestown t-ship, S. by West Whiteland t-ship, W. by Uwchlan and N. W. by Vincent t-ships. Central
distance from Philadelphia about 24 miles N. W. ; from West Chester 9 miles north ; length, 8} ms. ; breadth 31 ; area, 10,116 acres ; surface, gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Pop. in 1830, 1403 ; taxables, 282. Stoney creek, French creek, and Pick- ering creek, cross it in their course S. E. to the Schuylkill ; the two lat- ter turning several mills. Kimberton and the Yellow Springs are post towns of the township. There are two pla- ces of public worship.
Pike Run, t-ship, Washington co., bounded N. by Fallowfield, E. by the Monongahela river, S. and S. W. by E. Bethlehem, and N. W. by Somer- set t-ship. Centrally distant from Washington borough 18 miles S. E. ; greatest length, 10 ; breadth, 4} ms. ; area, 16,640 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 2081 ; tax- ables, 357. Pike run and Little Pike run, rise and have their whole course in the t-ship, flowing E. to the Monon- gahela river. At their confluence with that stream lies the post town of of Greenfield, on the north side of the run. Centreville and Bealsville post towns are on the national road, which separates this from E. Bethlehem t- ship.
Pike, t-ship, Clearfield co., bounded N. by Fox t-ship, E. by Lawrence, S. by Beccaria,and W. by Indiana and Jefferson co. Centrally distant from the borough of Clearfield W. 11 ms .; greatest length, 16 ; breadth, 16 ms .; arca, 25,600 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 819 ; taxables, 166. The W. branch of the Susquehannah crosses the S. E. angle of the t-ship, and receives An- derson's creek, which passes by Cur- winville and several smaller streams. On the W. the township is drained by the head waters of the Mahoning creek. The Grampian Hill is a noted eminence in a fork of Anderson's creek. The turnpike running to Franklin in Venango co., passes N. W. through the t-ship, on which, near the E. boundary, is the post town of Curwinville, upon the left bank of the
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river. Iron is found in the E. part of the t-ship, and some lime stone in the northwest.
Pike, t-ship, Berks co., bounded N. and E. by District, S. E. by Cole- brookdale, S. W. by Earl, W. by Oley,N. and W.by Rockland ; greatest length, 4} miles by 2} in breadth ; area, 6500 acres ; surface, large hills; soil, gravel, poor and indifferently cul- tivated ; valued from 15 to 25 dollars per acre when improved. Pop. in 1810, 552 ; in 1820,645 ; in 1830, 752 ; taxables, 147. It is watered by the sources of the Manatawny. There are several mills upon these streams, and one forge, called Potts' forge. One church, common to Luth- erans and Presbyterians.
Pike, post township, Bradford co., bounded N. by Warren t-ship, E. by Susquehannah co., S. by Wyalusing, and W. by the last named t-ship and by Orwell. Centrally distant from Towanda about 14 miles ; greatest length, 10 miles ; breadth, 4} ; area, 25,600 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 1438 ; taxables, 238. The Wyalusing creek flows southwardly through the t-ship, receiving several tributaries from it. The post office is 260 miles N. W. from W. C., and 149 from Harris- burg.
Pimple hill, a small mountain in Tobyhanna t-ship, Northampton co., about two miles north of the Pokono mountain, on the turnpike road from Easton to Wilkesbarre.
Pine creek, Berks co., a confluent of the Manatawny creek, rising in Dis- trict township, and flowing through Pike and Oley. There are upon it, one furnace, one forge, and several grist mills.
Pine hill, a mountain of Towamen- sing t-ship, Northampton co., two or three miles north of the Pokono moun- tain. Its western base is washed by the river Lehigh.
Pine creek, Brunswick township, Schuylkill co., rises in the t-ship and flows S. W. into the Schuylkill river, about six ms. below Schuylkill Haven.
Pineville, a village of Buckingham t-ship, Bucks co., on the road from Newtown to Centreville, and near the line of Wrightstown t-ship, distant 7 miles S. E. of Doylestown. It con- tains 6 or 8 dwellings.
Pine run, Bucks county, a tributa- ry of the Neshaminy creek, rises in Plumstead t-ship, and flows through Doylestown, and falls into the north branch of the Neshaminy, in New Britain t-ship.
Piney creek, Adams co., rises in Germany t-ship, and flows S. into the state of Maryland.
Pine, township, Allegheny county, bounded N. by Butler co., E. by Decr and Indiana t-ship, S. by Ross t-ship, and W. by Ohio t-ship. Centrally distant N. from Pittsburg, 11 miles ; greatest length, 7 miles ; breadth, 6 ; area, 26,880 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 984 ; taxa- bles, 241. It is drained by l'ine creck, which gives name to the t-ship, and which, receiving many branches from it, flows S. through Ross and Indiana t-ships, into the Allegheny river.
Pine creek, Allegheny co. (See preceding article.
Piney creek, Woodberry township, Huntingdon co., rises in the t-ship and flows N. E. about 11 miles into the Raystown branch of the Juniata riv- er, about one mile above Williams- burg.
Pine Creek, t-ship,' Lycoming co., bounded N. and N. E. by Brown town- ship, E. by Mifflin t-ship, S. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, and W. by Dunstable t-ship. Central- ly distant from Williamsport N. W. 23 ms. ; greatest length, 16 ; breadth, 5 miles ; area, 23,680 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, part limestone, but chiefly gravel. Pop. in 1830, about 500; taxables, 89 ; value of taxable property, 1829, seated lands, &c. $29,610 ; unseated, 2,266 ; personal estate, 3,628 ; rate of levy, 2 of one per cent. Pine creek, from which the t-ship has its name, rises on the con- fines of Tioga co., and flows southeast through Brown t-ship, and along part
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of the E. boundary of this t-ship into| the Susquehannah river, having a comparative course of about 35 ms.
Pine Creek, t-ship, Jefferson county, bounded N. by Ridgeway, east by Clearfield, S. by Young, and W. by Rose t-ships. Centrally distant east from Brookville, 12 miles ; greatest length, 12 ; breadth, 12 ; area, 85,760 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, gravelly loam, abounding with pine timber. It is drained chiefly by the south branch of the Sandy Lick creek, which flows westerly. It contains about 250 in- habitants. Brookville, post and coun- ty town, is the nearest post town. Dis- tant 165 miles from Harrisburg.
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