USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 22
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the county. In this choice they dis- play much judgment, for such land, though comparatively sterile in ap- pearance, by the want of timber, is when cultivated most productive. In 1831 there were raised on this species of land in Buffalo t-ship, by the Messrs. Walkers, 3200 bushels of patatoes from 5 acres of ground. The best timber- ed lands of the county, when cleared, will scarce do more. The glades are covered with thick underwood, of pine, oak and white oak, hickory and wil- low, growing from large stools or stumps, in many cases from three to four feet in diameter ; which proves that not many years since very large trees overshadowed the soil.
The face of the country is general- ly favorably disposed for agriculture, affording due proportions of meadow and arable land, to every farm of mod- erate size. The former is admirably adapted to timothy ; the latter is suf- ficiently high and rolling for every species of grain, and when properly and seasonably cultivated, remunerates well the labor bestowed upon it. The county has advantages which cannot be too highly appreciated, an abun- dance of pure water, and a salubrious atmosphere. No instance of fever and ague has been known within it.
A turnpike road passes from Kittan- ning and another from Pittsburg through the county town. The latter is the great road from Pittsburg to the lakes ; another turnpike road is about to be made from Roxburg, Armstrong county, to Mercer through Mariusville and Harrisville.
The timber, varying according to situation, consists of white, black, and other oaks, beech, maple, black ash, sugar maple, cherry, elm, black wal- nut and sycamore. The forest trees generally are large, healthy and luxu- riant, and frequently as thick as they can stand. Fruit trees are abundant in the cultivated tracts ; grapes grow profusely and spontaneously, and some attention has lately been paid to their cultivation and amelioration.
The county is well watered; the
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Allegheny river touches its N. E. and S. E. boundaries, and receives from it Lowry's, Crawford's, Redick's, and Jones' runs, Bear creek, several branches of Big Buffalo creek, and the Little Buffalo creek. Westward, it is drained by Slippery Rock creek and its several branches, Muddy creek, Conequenessing and Brush ereeks, tri- butaries of the Big Beaver ; and by a branch of the Big Sewickly creek, which flows into the Ohio.
This county, like many others in Pennsylvania, has been the residence of the mammoth. In 1819, whilst dig- ging the well at the salt-works, about 1} mile N. E. of the town of Butler, the grinder of one of these huge animals was found, four feet below the surface of the rock, among several fragments of much decayed bones. Its weight was five pounds, length, seven inches. A turnpike road extends from Pitts- burg to the town of Butler, a distance of 33 ms. and from Butler to Mercer, in the co. of Mercer, about the same distance.
The principal towns of the county are Butler, Freeport, Woodville, Har- mony, Lawrenceburg, Zelionople, Por- tersville, Centreville, Harrisville, Ma- riusville, Unionville, &c.
In 1800 the pop. amounted to 3,916, in 1810, to 7,346, in 1820 to 10,193, in 1830 to 14,681; of whom 8,423 were white males; 6,183 white fe- males ; 39 free col'd. males, and 46 free col'd. females.
The public buildings of the county are the court house, public offices and prison, and an academy at the town of Butler. The latter was incorporated by the act of 6th Feb. 1811, with six trustees, and empowered to acquire a
yearly income not exceeding four thou- sand dollars. Two thousand dollars were then granted to the institution, upon condition that five poor children should receive annually the benefits of the institution gratis ; and by the act of 12th March, 1813, a tract of dona- tion land in the county was given to the corporation.
Butler, with Beaver, belongs to the 25th senatorial district, which sends one member to the senate, and the county sends one member to the house of representatives. United with Alle. gheny, Beaver and Armstrong, it forms the 16th congressional district, sending two members to Congress. Connected with Beaver and Alleghe- ny counties, Butler makes the 5th ju- dicial district of the state, over which Charles Shaler, Esq. presides. The courts are held in Butler on the second Monday of Nov. and third Mondays of Jan., April and August, annually.
The staples of the county are the ordinary agricultural products, wheat, rye, corn, whiskey, &c. Its manufac- tures consist of salt and iron ; consider- able quantities of the former are made, and the production of the latter is in- creasing. It is generally sent in pigs to Pittsburg, where it finds a profita- ble and ready market.
This county paid into the public treasury in 1831 :
For tax on writs, 22 67
Tavern licenses, - 256 59
Duties on dealers in for. mdze. 322 83
$602 09
Valuation of taxable property by assess- ment of 1829 :
Real estate, - 1,060,761
Personal do. 239,308
Rate of levy 23 cts. on the hundred dolls.
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STATISTICAL TABLE OF BUTLER COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth. |Bth.
Area in Acres.
Face of Country.
Soil.
1810
Population. 1820
1830
Taxa- bles.
Butler Bor.
Butler t-ship,
8
8
40,960
Rolling,
Clay, loam, do. lime,
453
472
768
145
Buffalo,
8
8
40,960
do.
Centre,
8
8
40,960
do.
Clay, loam, do.
288
515
617
129
Conequenessing,
8
8
40,960
do.
Lime, clay,
1284
977
1944
358
Cranberry,
8
8
40,960
do.
do. gravel,
543
765
1046
200
Donegal,
8
8
40,960
do.
do.
671
960
1085
228
Mercer,
9
5
18,380
do.
do.
588
641
771
172
Middlesex,
8
8
40,960
do.
538
1010
1231
244
Muddy creek,
8
8
40,960
395
868
1317
239
Parker,
10
6
38,400
Rolling,
399
659
945
165
Slippery rock,
13:
6
43,200
do.
do. Gravel, Loam, gravel, do.
658
865
1541
313
Venango,
10
5
32,000
do.
377
353
499
102
7346
10,193 14,683 2,801
Butler, p-t. borough and seat of jus. tice of Butler co., situated in the N. E. angle of Butler t-ship, in a fork of Conequenessing creek, 270 miles a little north of W. from Phil., 164 from Harrisburg, and about 32 ms. N. E. from Pittsburg ; from the latter place there is a turnpike road to Butler, and from Butler another to Mereer, a turn- pike road also runs from the town to Kittanning. Pop. of the town in 1830, 580, taxables 116. The town lies in a bend of the Conequenessing creek, and there are mills on each side. On Kearn's branch within a mile of the town, there is a salt spring and salt works. There is an academy, estab- lished in 1811, incorporated, and en- dowed by the Legislature, with $2000 and a tract of land. The building is of stone. The town was ineorporat- ed by act of assembly 26 Feb. 1817. The town contains 70 dwellings, a court house, handsome and capacious, with offices attached, built of brick, centrally situated on elevated ground in the public square, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country, a prison of stone, having a yard in the rear with a high stone wall, 2 Presby- terian, a Unionist, Methodist, Roman Catholic, and Episcopalian churches, all of brick, except one, which is of stone. The situation of the town is very agreeable, and much admired by travellers.
Butler, t-ship, Butler co. bounded N. by Centre, E. by Clearfield, S. by Middlesex and W. by Conequenessing t-ships. It is a square of 8 miles; area 40,960 acres; surface rolling; soil, loam ; pop. in 1830, 768. Taxables, 145. Butler, the co. town, is in the N. E. angle of the t-ship, from which a turnpike road leads S. W. to Pittsburg, and another N. W. to Mercer. (See Butler bor.) It is drained by the Co- nequenessing creek and its branches which flow S. W. through the t-ship. Salt springs are found near and N. E. of Butler borough, upon Kearn's branch of the creek.
Buttermilk falls, on the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, between Centre and Clearfield counties, about 5 miles below the town of Karthaus.
Buttermilk falls, Falls t-ship, Lu- zerne co. near the confluence of the Buttermilk falls creek. The fall is 30 feet, and the frothy appearance as- sumed by the water has induced the name.
Butztown, p-t. of Upper Bethel t- ship, Northampton co. 16 ms. W. from Easton, 187 N. E. from W. C. and 97 from Harrisburg, contains 5 dwellings, 1 store, 1 tavern, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and 1 distillery.
Byberry, t-ship, Phil. co., lies in the N. E. end of the co. centrally distant fron Phil. 14 ms. bounded N. by South- ampton, N. E. and E. by Bensalem
742
972
1322
241
Clearfield,
8
8
40,960
do.
375
582
1012
159
580
116
do. Hilly,
.
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t-ships, Bucks co. S. by Lower Dublin, S. W. and W. by the Manor of More. land. Its length is about 5 ms. breadth variable, but at most 3 ms. Area 5,966 acres.
'The family of the Waltons, who were among the first settlers, gave it the name of Byberry, in reference to a place of that name where they had dwelt in England.
The face of the country is agreea- bly diversified, and there are some fine rising grounds, particularly in the up- per section of the t-ship. Edge Hill crosses the northern corner, near to which is the source of Poquessing creek. This stream forms the line between the counties of Phil. and Bucks and empties into the Delaware, half a mile below White Sheet bay. The main stream and its western branches water most of the farms in Byberry.
The soil for cultivation is a sandy loam, from 6 to 8 inches deep, lying on a stiff loamy subsoil, from 4 to 6 feet in depth. In the neighborhood of Townsend's mill, where the Poquessing winds between two stony ridges, there is the singular appearance of two nat- ural abutments of rock opposite to each other, as if nature intended to lend her aid in the construction of a bridge over the stream. From the singular correspondence between the opposing faces of these rocks, it is debatable, whether they have been forcibly sep- arated, or the effect have been produc- ed by the attrition of the water.
About three fourths of a mile down the creek near the road to Dunk's fer- ry, a point 6 or 8 perches in breadth, appears to have once projected fron the western bank 12 or 15 perches, into the valley. It is supposed that the creek formerly passed round it ; but the current striking directly against the base, undermined it and formed a passage through the hill. The aperture is now 3 or 4 perches in width, and the point of the hill near 20 feet in heighth, and containing about one half acre, stands alone in the valley.
In a rock on Aaron Walton's land is a representation of the print of a man's foot; and a similar impression is visible on a rock near the mouth of Poquessing creek.
The indigenous timber is hickory, black, white, red and Spanish oak, pop- lar, chestnut, maple, sassafras, beech, dogwood, red cedar, gum, persimmon, wild cherry, and in one place, pine.
There are three grist mills in the t-ship, two saw mills, several retail stores and shops for mechanics, but no factory nor tavern. The fabric of corn brooms is sufficiently great to merit notice, and not less than 60,000 are annually sent from this township to market. The inhabitants generally are farmers, and a majority Quakers. There are a few Episcopalians, Bap- tists and Presbyterians The Friends meeting is near the centre of the t-ship. By its side a log school house was early erected, which was torn down in 1772. The school house was con- tinued in one end of the meeting house until 1789, when a stone building was erected for its accommodation. Since the year 1750 this school has been regularly continued, except one sum- mer, during which the school house was rebuilt. In 1794 John Comly, dis- tinguished as the compiler of an Eng- lish Grammar, which has reached the 15th edition, commenced giving in- struction in this school in the Greek and Latin languages and the higher branches of the mathematics. There is here also a public library, founded in 1794 by some young men of the t-ship. An article of this association prohibits the introduction of all atheis- tical and deistical books, all novels, plays and romances, and other books supposed to have a tendency to cor- rupt the morals of mankind. It con- tains about 800 volumes. There are now in the t-ship four other schools, regularly kept up and reputably con- ducted.
Byberry was settled soon after the arrival of Wm. Penn, in 1682. The first white inhabitants were Giles Knight and William Ellis. The first
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inhabitants were Friends. The popu- Jation of the t-ship, by the census of 1830, amounted to 1018 ; taxables in 1828,226.
At the time of the arrival of the Eu- ropeans here the country was covered, not with heavy timber, but with sap- lings and underbrush ; and in many places with coarse grass, which grew more than five feet high. Ilence it would seem that it was cultivated by the aborigines, who most probably dwelt here in great numbers. Indian darts made of flint, and stone axes and other curious implements of Indian manufacture, have been frequently found. Since the settlement the tim- ber, notwithstanding the industry and increase of the whites, grew in size and in quantity.
Agriculture is in an improved, im- proving, and thrifty state; the wealth of the inhabitants accumulates, and is apparent in the substantial and com- fortable character of their dwellings, out buildings, &c.
There is a p-o. called after the t- ship, distant 115 ms. from Harrisburg, 153 from W. C. and 15 from Phila.
Cacoosing creek, Berks co. a tribu- tary of the 'Tulpehocken creek, rising in Heidelberg and Cumru t-ships, be- tween which it is the division line for the whole of its course of about 8 ms.
Caernarvon, the extreme southern t-ship and point of Berks co. bounded N. by Robeson t-ship, S. and E. by Chester co., and S. and W. by Lan- caster co. Greatest length 5 ms. breadth 2; area, 10,520 acres ; sur- face, level ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 1,440; taxables, 301. The east branch of the Brandywine r. cross- es the t-ship near the E. and the W. branch at the west end. On the for- mer the post town of Downingstown is located, and on the latter the post town of Coatsville. The Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike road passes through both villages. This t-ship lies chiefly in the great valley, is ad- mirably cultivated, and contains some of the finest and most productive farms in the world, and few travellers who
pass through it can well avoid the breach of the tenth commandment, or refrain from envying the inhabitants their tranquil life and abundant com- forts. Their spacious and neat dwel- lings of stone, and their capacious and overflowing garners, their fields stud- ded with cattle and whitened with sheep, are substantial witnesses of their happiness.
Caernarvon, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. E. by Berks co., S. by Chester co. and Salisbury t-ship, Lan- caster co., W. by Earl t.ship, and N. W. by Brecknock t-ship. Centrally distant from Lancaster city, about 20 ms. Greatest length, 62 ms., great- est breadth 5, area 14,000 acres. The Conestogo cr. flows through it from E. to W. The Downingstown and Harrisburg turnpike crosses the south- ern angle, and the Morgantown turn- pike, centrally, from E. to W. on which, near the middle of the t-ship, is the post village of Churchtown, 55 ms. from Harrisburg, 20 from Lan- caster, and 5 from Morgantown; sur- face hilly ; soil red shale. Pop. 1830, 1629. Taxables 310. This t-ship contains three forges, four distilleries, three tan yards, three grist mills, one saw mill and two hemp mills.
Cairio, p-o. Lancaster co. 128 ms. N. of W. C. and 64 from Harrisburg.
Caladaque, is a small creek which rises in Allen t-ship, Northampton co., and running south-westerly, falls into the Lehigh r. in Lehigh co. about 2 ms. below Hockendoque. It has sev- eral mills upon it.
Calhounsville, or Mc Allisterville, p-t., Mifflin co., on the line dividing Greenwood t-ship from Fermanagh, about 15 ms. N. E. from Lewistown. It lies at the foot of a mountain, girded by Cocalimus and Lost creeks, 158 ms. from W. C. and 51 from Harrisburg. It is a small place of some half dozen houses.
Callensburg, p-t. of Toby t-ship, Armstrong co. on the Mercer and Roseburg turnpike road, about 20 ms. N. of Kittanning, contains some half dozen dwellings, the town having been
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lately laid out. It is 251 miles from|| son t-ship and by Indiana co. ; great- W. C. and 191 from Harrisburg.
Callender's creek, Stoncy creek t- ship, Somerset co., a tributary of Sto- ney creek ; it receives the waters of Maple Swamp run and Clear run.
Caln, East, t-ship, Chester county, bounded N. by Brandywine and Uwch- lan t-ships, E. by West Whiteland, S. by East and West Bradford and by East Fallowfield, W. by West Caln and Sadsbury. Central distance N. W. from Philad. about 33 miles ; from West Chester 7 ms. Length 9 miles, breadth 2}, area 8500 ; surface diver- sified ; soil, limestone and gravel, gen- erally productive. Pop. 1810, 723; in 1820, 829; in 1830, 861. Taxa- bles in 1828, 175. Conestogo cr. rises in and drains this t-ship, and the Conestogo turnpike road crosses it from E. to W. Iron ore is found in the mtn. which fills its N. E. extremity. Morgantown lies upon the turnpike road, at which there is a post office.
Caln, West, t-ship, Chester county, bounded N. by Honeybrooke, E. by Brandywine and East Caln, S. by Sadsbury and W. by Lancaster co. Central distance W. by N. from Phi- ladelphia, 44 ms ; from West-Chester 14 ms. N. W .; length, 5}, breadth, 41 ms. ; area, 16,900 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1,490 ; taxables, 254. The west branch of Brandywine r. flows along the cast boundary, on which there is a furnace and a forge, and several mills. West Caln church is in the S. E. end of the t-ship. This is a fruitful and well improved t-ship, but is not corn- parable to East Caln.
Cumbellstown, p-t. of Londonderry t-ship, Lebanon co., on the turnpike road from Enphrata to Harrisburg, distant from the borough of Lebanon 10 ms. S. W., from Harrisburg 15 ms. S. E., and 125 N. W. from W. C. It contains 15 dwellings, 2 stores and 2 taverns.
Cambria, t-ship, Cambria co. bound- ed N. and N. E. by Susquehannah t-ship, E. by Allegheny, S. E. and S. by Somerhill t-ship, and W. by Jack-
est length 15 miles, breadth 15; area 56,640 acres: surface, hilly ; soil, clay, gravel and sand. Pop. in 1830, 726 ; taxable property in 1829, seat- ed lands, $42,179 ; unseated, $8,736 ; personal, $12,012. Rate of levy 8} mills to the $100. Taxables, 200. It is drained W. by Blacklick creek, and S. by the N. branch of the Little Conemaugh. Ebensburgh, the post and county town, is in this t-ship, on the turnpike road from Hollidaysburg to Indiana. The small town of Beula, now in ruins, is about 2 miles S. W. of Ebensburg, on the turnpike road lead- ing to Greensburg, and the village of Munster is in the eastern angle of the t-ship, on the turnpike road leading to Hollidaysburg.
Cambria county, was formed from Somerset and Huntingdon counties, by the act 26th March, 1804, which gave it the following limits : beginning at the Conemaugh river, at the S. E. cor- ner of Indiana co .; thence a straight line to the Canoe place on the W. branch of the Susquehannah, thence E. along the line of Clearfield co. to the S. W. corner of Centre co. on the heads of Mushanon creek ; thence S. along the Allegheny mountain to So- merset and Bedford co. lines ; thence along the line of Somerset and Bedford counties, seventeen miles, until a due west course from thence will strike the main branch of Paint creek ; thence down said creek, the different courses thereof, till it empties into Stoney creck ; thence down Stoney creek, the different courses, to the mouth of Mill creek ; thence a due west line till it intersects the line of Somerset and Westmoreland counties; thence N. along the same line, to the place of beginning. Thus the co. is bounded N. by Clearfield co., E. by Hunting- don and Bedford, S. by Somerset and W. by Westmoreland and Indiana cos. Length 35, breadth 19 ms., area 670 sq. ms. Central lat. 40° 30' N. Lon. from W. C. 1º 40' W.
By the above cited act it was also provided, that the place for holding
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courts of justice for the co. should bey soil is rich and humid, it is covered fixed at any place, not at a great- with vegetation so dense as to seem ab- solutely impenetrable. In the valleys and along the water courses, hickory, ash, sugar maple, cherry, elm, &c. &c. grow luxuriantly. er distance than 7 miles from the centre of the co. And by the act 29th March, 1805, the seat of justice was established at Ebensburg, and the trus- tees of the county were authorized to receive assurances for certain lots and lands for the use of the county, grant- ed by Messrs. John and Stephen Lloyd, to dispose of such lots and erect pub- lic buildings, and by the act of 20th Jan. 1807, the county was organized for judicial and other purposes.
Cambria co. lies upon the west bor- der of the great central transition for- mation of the United States, and upon the east of the still greater secondary formation of N. America, the bounda- ries of which, in the county, are not very distinctly defined. Coal is abun- dantly found in various parts of the county, but more particularly in the southern division. And there is iron, as it is said by some, but denied by others, in Clearfield co. The whole county is a mountain, the great Al- legheny being on the eastern border, and the Laurel hill on the west. Ap- proaching the former mountain from the eastward, it presents a bold and precipitous front, and from two to five miles brings the traveller to the sum- mit, from whence the descent west- ward is scarcely perceptible. A por- tion of the mountain is arable, and some well cultivated farms may be seen upon its top. The Laurel Hill, in the S. W. part of the county, falls but little short of the elevation of the Allegheny, but it is depressed as it pro- ceeds northward. Its scenery is wild, and its aspect dreary and forbidding. The Conemaugh river has broken its way through it in this county. The soil in the valleys is well watered and generally of excellent quality.
Almost every species of timber abounds on the mountains, except the white oak. The various species of pine predominate, but on the Laurel hill, chestnut, red and rock oak are very abundant. Some of the trees grow to a huge size, and where the
The Conemaugh river rises on the W. side of the Allegheny mtn. near the middle of the eastern boundary, and bears the name of the little Cone- maugh. Flowing S. W. it receives the N. branch, which rises near Eb- ensburg and the S. fork which has its source in a cedar swamp, at the foot of the Allegheny. Thence continuing the same course, it unites at Johnson- town with Stoney creek, a stream as large as itself; thence taking a N. W. course, it breaks through the Laurel hill about 12 ms. N. of the S. W. angle. Stoney creek receives from the county on the E. Paint creek and Solomon's run, and from the W. Mill creek and Bens creek. On the N. the county is drained by the W. branch of the Susquehannah, Chest creek and the head waters of Clear- field creek, and on the W. by Black lick creek, Big and Little. The rail road portage from Hollidaysburg con- necting the Juniata with the Cone- maugh crosses the mtn. in the S. part of the county, and communicates with the Conemaugh r. at Johnsontown, where a large and commodious basin has been prepared. The turnpike road from Huntingdon to Pittsburg crosses the county by Ebensburg, whence anoth- er turnpike road leads to Indiana.
The principal towns arc Ebens- burg, Johnsontown, Munster and Lo- retto.
The population of this county is com- posed of various elements,-of emi- grants from N. Jersey, and E. Penn- sylvania, from Scotland, Ireland, and. in the vicinity of Ebensburg, princi- pally from Wales. It has increased in number rapidly, having more than doubled itself in the last ten years. In 1810, the population amounted to 2117 souls; in 1820, to 3287, and in 1830, to 7096, of whom 3829 were white males, 3205 white females, 26
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free colored males, and 36 free colored || Somerset it sends two members to the females. The taxables in 1828 were 1144.
The public buildings consist of a county court house, offices and prison, and an academy. The institution for which the latter was erected was in- corporated in 1819, with a donation from the state, of $2000, conditioned that $1000 should be raised for its use by private subscription, and any number of poor children not exceeding 5 should be taught gratis, annually, each for a period of not more than two years.
The exports consist of live stock principally, and of timber, among which the excellent cherry plank and boards are most valuable. A sufficient quan- ty of maple sugar is made in the coun- ty for the wants of the inhabitants.
Improved land sells from 5 to 20 dollars the acre ; unimproved from 50 cents to 4 dollars.
In conjunction with Huntingdon and Mifflin, Cambria forms the 17th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate, and in conjunction with)
house of representatives. United with Bedford and Somerset, it forms the 13th congressional district, sending one representative to congress. With Westmoreland, Indiana and Armstrong counties, it makes the 10th judicial dis- trict, over which John Young, Esq. presides. And it belongs to the west- ern district of the supreme court.
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