USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 43
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Johnstown, or Conemaugh town, a post-town in the S. W. angle of Cam- bria county, 40 miles N. W. from Bedford, and 60 E. from Pittsburg, 7 miles from the base of the Alleghe- ny mountain, 160 from W. C. and 138 from Harrisburg, at the junction of Stoney creek and the Little Cone- maugh. The village contains above 500 inhabitants, and about 60 dwell- ing-houses, 7 taverns, 6 stores, 1 mill, and a forge. A basin for the western division of the Pennsylvania canal, in the heart of the town, has occasioned a rapid rise in the value of property here. The town is regularly laid out, on a plot of upwards of 200 acres of ground, completely surrounded by. mountains. The water advantages are very considerable, affording a di- rect communication with Pittsburg, by the canal. The great rail road port- age from Hollidaysburg across the Al- legheny mountain, terminates here.
Jonestown, a post-town of Swatara t-ship, Lebanon county, near the con- fluence of the Great and Little Swa- tara creek, about 7 miles N. W. of the borough of Lebanon, 136 miles from W. C. and 26 from Harrisburg, contains about 100 dwellings, and 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Ger- man Reformed church, several stores and taverns.
Jordan creek, Lehigh county, rises at the foot of the Blue mountain in Heidelberg t-ship, and running a very crooked course to the S. E. falls into the Little Lehigh, about 100 perches
2D
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from its mouth. This stream, with its | a defile known as the long narrows branches, turns several mills, but it is not navigable. The quantity of its wa- ters depends much upon the season.
Junction, post-office, Buffalo t-ship, Perry co. 127 miles N. W. of W. C. and 17 from Harrisburg.
Juniata river, one of the main tribu- taries of the Susquehannah river, ris- es by two principal branches distin- guished as the Raystown and Franks- town branches. The Raystown branch rises at the E. foot of the Alle- gheny mountain, in Somerset and Bed- ford counties, and flows N. E. and E. about 20 miles to the borough of Bed- ford, formerly called Raystown, whence the stream had its name, thence still easterly in a direct line about 12 miles, to a place called the Harbor, in Providence t-ship, Bedford co. where it makes a great bend of several miles, and runs N. W. and N. through Hopewell t-ship, Bedford co. and Hopewell and Porter t-ships, Huntingdon co. by a comparative course of more than 40 miles, to unite with the other branch, about 4 miles below the borough of Huntingdon. The Frankstown branch, though shorter and of less volume than the other, derives great importance from being the medium of canal intercourse with the western country. It rises al- so in Bedford co. near the S. E. cor- ner of Greenfield t-ship, and flows along the W. side of Dunning's moun- tain N. about 12 miles, to the Franks- town gap, through which it passes to the county of Huntingdon ; thence by a N. E. course to Frankstown, 2 miles above which it is navigable; thence by the same course 25 miles in a me- andering line by Williamsburg and Alexandria to Petersburg ; at the last point it turns S. E. and runs that course by the town of Huntingdon, and about 3 or 4 miles below that town unites with the Raystown branch. The united stream pursues a S. E. course about 14 miles, when it is turned by Owing's hill and the Blue ridge, again to the N. E. 25 miles by Lewistown, winding its way through
formed by the Shade, the Tuscarora and the Narrow mountains, and de- flected to the S. E. Pursuing that course about 10 miles by Mifflin town, it is again turned by the Tuscarora mountain, and following its base N. E. about 10 miles, it finds a passage be- tween that and Turkey mountain, and for the last time turns S. E. by Mil- lerstown and Newport some 15 miles, and unites with the Susquehannah riv- er at Duncan's island, 15 miles above Harrisburg. The Raystown branch is the larger and longer stream, and is remarkable for its crooked course, particularly in the vicinity of Harbor mountain. The state canal follows the river, and as we have already said, the Frankstown branch to the foot of the Allegheny mountain, near Holli- daysburg, where the portage commen- ces.
Juniata county, was separated from Mifflin county, by act of 2d March, 1831, and is bounded N. W. and N. by Mifflin, E. by the Susquehannalı river, S. E. by Perry county, S. W. by Franklin, and W. by Huntingdon counties. Central lat. 40° 30' N., long. 0° 30' W. of W. C. The mean length of the county is about 40 miles, and mean breadth 9; area, 360 sq. ms.
The county belongs to the great cen- tral transition formation of the state. Its surface is traversed N. E. and S. W. by several mountain chains. On the southern boundary is the Tuscaro- ra mountain, which, being broken by the Juniata river, assumes on the' E. the name of Turkey ridge, and runs to the Susquehannah river. North of this mountain, and W. of the river Ju- niata, lies Tuscarora valley, bounded northward by Shade mountain, and containing within its bosom a broken chain of hills. Through this valley the Tuscarora creek flows by a devious course of more than 25 miles to the Juniata river, 2 ms. below Mifflintown. It receives several considerable tribu- taries from the valley, on which are several mills. This valley has about 5 miles in width north of the Shade
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mountain ; a small and narrow valley intervenes between it and Black Log mountain, the northern boundary. The streams here separated by hills flow in opposite directions. Black Log creek S. W., and Licking creek N. E .; the former emptying into the Great Aughwick creek, and the latter into the Tuscarora creek.
Here as in other parts of this region, the basis rock formation seems to be limestone, upon which mountains of slate are superimposed ; the valleys in which the limestone is generally at or near the surface, are fertile, and commonly well cultivated, whilst the mountains are broken, frequently pre- cipitous, and generally sterile, yet often covered thickly with oak, chestnut, ash, beech, pine, and maple trees. The portion of the county lying E. of the Juniata river corresponds in character with that already described, having the same continuous chains and like bro- ken ridges. The mountains, however, are compressed more closely, the val- leys are narrower, and have a less comparative population. The princi- pal streams here are Lost creek, Coca- limus creek, and the West Mahan- tango.
The main turnpike road to Pitts- burg, by the northern route, follows the valley of the Juniata river from the Susquehannah through the county, passing through the villages of Thomp- sontown, Mexico and Mifflintown. The state canal pursues the same course, and both have more than 20 miles of length within the county.
The towns of the county are Mif- flintown, Mexico, Thompsontown, Cal- hounsville, or McAlister's town, Ridge- ville, Tammanytown, Waterford, and Waterloo.
Like most counties west of the Sus- quehannah, this was originally settled by Irish and German pioneers, and is now held by their descendants. The population of the t-ships formerly of Mifflin county, which now constitute Juniata county, was, in 1810, 6396, in 1820, 8559, and in 1830, 7672 ; taxables in 1828, 1804. The pre-
vailing religious sect is Presbyterian. There are 8 or 9 churches in the coun- ty, including all denominations ; Bible, and tract, and temperance societies have been cstablished, and Sunday schools are held in every vicinage. Common schools are founded and pret- ty well supported, and the expenditure under the acts of assembly, by the county of Mifflin, before its division, for the education of the indigent, was about $1400 per annum. There is one newspaper, published weekly at Mifflintown.
Although in Mifflin county, when undivided, the manufacture of iron was entitled to much consideration in an account of the business of the county, we believe this is not the case in rela- tion to Juniata county. There is pro- bably iron in abundance in the district, but there are no iron works. The chief exports from Juniata are wheat, flour and whiskey, and the annual quantity of the first has been estimated at 350,000 bushels. The agriculture of the county is said, by its inhabit- ants, to be in a very thriving and im- proving condition. The average price of improved lands may be stated at from $25 to $30 an acre. The un- improved lands are chiefly mountain- ous and little worth.
By the act which created the coun- ty, it was annexed to the 12th congres- sional district, theretofore composed of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre and Clearfield counties, which sends one member to congress. It was also giv- en to the 12th judicial district, embra- cing the counties of Huntingdon, Mif- flin and Centre, and the courts are di- rected to be holden on the first Mon- days in February, May, September and December annually, to continue one week at each term if necessary ; and it forms a part of the middle district of the supreme court.
Juniata, Mifflin, Huntingdon, and Cambria counties form the 17th sena- torial district, sending one member to the senate, and Mifflin and Juniata, united, send two members to the house of representatives.
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STATISTICAL TABLE OF JUNIATA COUNTY.
Townships,
L th
Bth
in Acres
1820 1830
İTax ab's -.
Fermanagh,
12
10
53,120 2529 1432
409
Greenwood,
17
10
72,320 1800 2068
520
Milford,
10
64
37,120 1554 1537
293
Turbett,
19
3
29.560 1165 1134
242
Lack,
14
10
64,000 1511|
674
145
'Tuscarora,
827
195
8559 7672|1804
NOTE .- In the separation of Juniata county in 1831, the foregoing townships fell within the new county, with part of Wayne and Derry townships, which are not here given. Lack township, at the first period given above, included Tuscarora.
Juniata, t-ship, Perry eo. bounded N. by the Tuscarora mtn. E. by the Juniata river, S. by Mahanoy ridge, and W. by Saville t-ship. Greatest length 10}, breadth 8} miles ; area, 48,660 acres ; surface mountainous, consisting of alternate hills and val- leys. S. of the Tuscarora is Raccoon creek and valley ; S. of Raccoon ridge is Buffalo creek and valley; S. of Middle ridge Little Buffalo creek and valley, and between Limestone ridge and Mahanoy is another valley, in which, near the western boundary, lies Bloomfield, the county town. These ridges and streams run N. E. into the Juniata r. Soil, gravel and slate, limestone in the valleys. Pop. in 1830, 2201; taxables, 407. There is a p-o. at Bloomfield, and another at Beelen's ferry, on the Juniata r. The small village of Newport lies on the same r. at the E. end of Middle ridge, between the mouths of the Great and Little Buffalo creeks. This t-ship has been lately divided by the erection of Cen- tre, but we know not its bounds ; it in- eludes the town of Bloomfield.
Juniata, p-o. of Perry co. 131 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 44 from Harris- burg.
Juniata creek, Little, Rye t-ship, Perry co. rises by two branches N. of the Mahanoy ridge, and flows S. E. into the Susquehannah r. at the town of Petersburg.
Juniata Crossings, p-o. of Bedford co. 112 ms. from Washington city, and 90 from Harrisburg.
Juniata Falls, p-o. Juniata county, 130 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 20 from IHarrisburg.
Karthaus, p-t. Covington t-ship, Clearfield co. on the left bank of the W. branch of the Susquehannah r. 18 ms. N. E. of the town of Clearfield, 219 from Washington, and 112 from Harrisburg. There are coal, iron, and iron works near the town, and salt springs not far distant.
Kaskawillian creek, Schuylkill t- ship, Schuylkill co. rises in Mine hill, and flows south wardly into the Schuyl- kill r. near Middleport, about 6 miles from Port Carbon. This stream is important, as affording access and drainage to several good coal mines.
Kaules' creek, a small stream, tribu- tary to the Little Schuylkill r. Schuyl- kill co. about 6 ms. above Port Clinton.
Keating, t-ship, MeKean eo. bound- ed N. by the state of New York, E. by Potter co., S. by Walker and Ser- geant t-ships, and W. by Ceres t-ship. Smethport, the co. town, lies in this t- ship, at the confluence of Stanton er. with Potatoe er. Port Allegheny and Ceres are also settlements of the t- ship; the former in the S. E. and the latter in the N. E. angle of the t-ship. The t-ship is about 23 ms. long by 14 wide, and contains about 206,180 acres. Its surface is hilly and broken, with extensive and rich alluvial bot- toms. The Allegheny river flows through it, by a northerly course, and receives from the t-ship Potatoe er. a very considerable stream, almost equal to itself. The pop. of the t-ship m 1830 was 493, of whom nearly one half may be residents of Smethport.
Keener's mills, p-o. Adams co.
Kellerstown, a small village of Ham- ilton t-ship, Northampton co. on the N. and S. turnpike road, 23 ms. from Easton, containing 2 dwellings, 1 ta- vern, 1 store and a grist mill.
Kelly, t-ship, Union eo. bounded N. by White Deer t-ship, E. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah r., S. and W. by Buffalo t-ship. Centrally dis- tant N. from New Berlin 9 ms. ; great- est length 6, breadth 4 ms. ; area 12, 160 acres ; surface undulating ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 739 ; taxa- bles 129 ; value of taxable property
Greatest | Area ) Popnla-
tion.
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in 1829, $185,743. It is drained by Buffalo creek on the south boundary, which receives from the t-ship Little Buffalo creek and Spruce run.
Kenjua, t-ship, Warren co. bound- ed N. by the Allegheny r. E. by Mc Kean co. S. by Jefferson co. and W. by Teonista t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Warren borough 11 miles ; length 19, breadth 7g miles ; area 71, 690 acres ; surface variegated, rolling and hilly ; soil, gravel, alluvion on the river and creek bottoms. Pop. in 1830, including Elk, 364; taxables in 1828, 64. The Teonista cr. flows southward through the greater part of the t-ship, receiving several consider- able branches from it. The p-t. of Kenjua lies in the N. E. angle, near the confluence of Kenjua er. with the Allegheny r. 10 ms. a little N. of E. from Warren bor. 327 from W. C. and 230 from Harrisburg. It contains a few dwellings, a store and tavern.
Kenjua creek, rises by several branches in Mckean co. and flows N. W. 15 or 20 miles into the Allegheny r. in Warren co.
Kennedy's warm spring, Tyrone t- ship, Perry co. on the bank of Sher- man's creek, in a romantic and heal- thy situation, about 11 ms. N. of Car- lisle, 22 W. of Harrisburg, 8 from Sterrett's, and 4 from Wager's gap, in the North mtn. and 4 from Landis- burg. This spring was long known and frequented by the people of the neighborhood, for its medicinal pro- perties, and in the year 1831 suitable buildings were erected for the accom- modation of strangers, whether seek- ing health or amusement. The water is specially recommended in cases of running sores, cutaneous eruptions, and general debility. It is a gentle purgative and powerful diuretic. The spring rises at the foot of Quaker hill, and emits about 90 galls. of water per minute. Its temperature is that of creek or river water in the summer season. The " fishing and fowling" here, are named 'as inducements to persons fond of rural sports to make the place a visit.
Kennett, t-ship, Chester co. bound- ed N. E. and E. by Pennsbury t-ship, S. by the state of Delaware, W. by New Garden, and N. by East Marl- borough t-ships. Centrally distant S. W. from Phila. about 28 miles, and from West Chester about 10; length 42, breadth 41 miles ; area 9630 acres. Surface hilly ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 1145 ; taxables in 1828, 231. It is drained by Red Clay cr. Ken- net Square, the p-t. lies in the N. W. angle of the t-ship. The t-ship is well cultivated and abundantly productive. The assessed value of lands in 1829, was $386,428; of personal property, $16,173, and of occupations, $4880.
Kennett Square, p-t. of Kennett t- ship, Chester co, about 30 ms. S. W. of Phila. and 10 S. W. of West Ches- ter, 103 ms. N. of W. C., 71 S. E. of Harrisburg, contains 15 dwellings, 2 taverns, 1 store anda Quaker meeting house.
Kensington, District of, in the coun- ty of Phila. The name of Kensington has long been borne by a suburb of the city of Phila. N. E. of Phila. along the r. Delaware, at which were loca- ted the chief ship yards of the city, and where dwelt the greater portion of the fishermen dependant upon the Phila. market. This suburb, with a considerable district annexed, was se- parated from the t-ship of the North- ern Liberties, and incorporated by act of 6th March, 1820, which provides, " That the inhabitants of that part of the Northern Liberties, in the county of Phila. beginning at the mouth of the Cohocksink er. and the line of the incorporated district of the N. Liber- ties, thence along the river Delaware to the, S. line of the land late Gibson's ; thence along the same line to Gun- ner's creek, and across the same to the S. line of land, late of Isaac Nor- ris, deceased, and now of J. P. Norris ; thence along the same line, the seve- ral courses thereof, across the Frank- ford road to the Germantown road ; thence down the eastwardly side of the said road to the middle of Sixth street continued ; thence along the middle of
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the same to the line of the incorpora- ted district of the Northern Liberties, and thence along the line of the same to the place of beginning, be a body politic, by the name and title of the ' Commissioners and inhabitants of the Kensington district of the Northern Liberties.'" The district is governed by 15 commissioners, 5 of whom are elected annually, to serve 3 years. It is improving rapidly, and contains many and various manufacturing es- tablishments of cotton, woollen, iron and glass, besides the many mechanics & artisans, dependant upon ship-build- ing. T. W. Dyott has 4 glass fur- naces in constant blast, at which vast quantities of white and black ware are made, and the Union glass company manufactures much flint glass, plain and cut, of good quality. The pop. of this district amounted, in 1830, to 13, 326, and the taxables, in 1828, to 2757. There is a p-o. in the district, distant 137 ms. from W. C. 99 from Harrisburg, and near 2 from Phila.
Kernsville, a small village and p-o. in Moore t-ship, Northampton co. on the main road from Easton to the Le- high Water gap, two miles from Cher- ryville, and on the line between Le- high and Moore t-ships. It contains 3 dwellings, a tannery, a grist mill and store. It is 195 miles N. E. of W. C., and 102 E. of Harrisburg.
Kersey's, p-o. in the N. W. corner of the co. 236 miles N. W. from Washington, and 154 from Harris- burg.
Kettle creek, Towamensing t-ship, Northampton co. rising between the Big Creek mountain and the Kettle mountain, which after a course of 5 or 6 miles falls into the Lehigh r. a short distance above Mauch Chunk.
Kettle mountain, Towamensing t- ship, Northampton co. on the E. side of the Lehigh, between Fire Line Hill, and the Big Creck mountain. It is a continuation of the Mahoning mtn. opposite Mauch Chunk.
Killinger's run, Lebanon co. form- ing part of the line between Annville and Londonderry t-ships, flows N.
Jabout 6 miles to the Quitapahilla creek.
Kimberton, p-t. and village, Pike- land t-ship, Chester co. 25 miles N. W. from Phila., and 10 miles N. E. of West Chester, 130 from W. C. and 76 from Harrisburg, on the road leading from the Schuylkill river to the Yel- low Springs, contains some 4 or 5 dwellings, a store and boarding school.
Kimblesville, p-o. Chester co. 97 miles N. from W. C., and 72 from Harrisburg.
Kingley's, p-o. Crawford co. 313 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 247 from Har- risburg.
Kingston, t-ship, Luzerne county, bounded N. E. by Exeter, S. E. by the Susquehannah river, S. W. by Plymouth and Dallas t-ships. This t- ship has a large portion of first rate timber. The Shawnese mountain ex- tends across the eastern half of the t- ship, and though its altitude is in some places 850 feet above the river, it is of gentle declivity, and its soil is good and produces abundantly. The t-ship yields annually large surplus quanti- ties of wheat, rye, Indian corn, pork and whiskey, which are either floated down the Susquehannah, or transport- ed by wagons across the mountains to the Easton market. It contains two villages, Kingston, formerly called Wyoming, quite upon the southern boundary, and New Troy, near its northern; each of which, has a post of- fice, and contains several stores and mechanics' shops. Kingston village is at present most flourishing. School houses are erected in every neighbor- hood, in which schools are kept up the greater part of the year. They are partly supported by the annual income from lands, which were originally ap- propriated to that purpose by the Con- necticut settlers.
Anthracite coal abounds in this t- ship, and it is not known that it has been found further to the north, on the west side of the Susquehannah river. Abraham's and Toby's creeks are pretty good mill streams.
In this t-ship are to be seen some re-
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mains of an ancient fortification, sim- ilar to those found upon the north and western waters. They bear the im- press of an advanced knowledge in the art of war. Here also are the re- mains of Forty-fort, to which Col. Denison, with a feeble remnant of his corps, retired after the battle of the 3d July, 1778. It was from this fort that the Colonel was compelled to negociate for the safety of the aged and infirm, and for the widows and orphans which that disastrous battle had made. It was here that articles of capitula- tion were agreed upon, and the pledge of safety given by Butler, the British commander, which was nefariously vi- olated.
The great stage route from Wilkes- barre to Montrose passes through this t-ship. It has three post offices and contains 1548 inhabitants, by the cen- sus of 1830, and 259 taxables by the return of 1828. Its greatest length is somewhat over 5 miles, and greatest breadth about 41 miles ; area 14,080 acres.
Kingston, formerly called Wyoming, a post town and village of Kingston t- ship, Luzerne co. on the Susquehan- nah river one mile from, and directly opposite to Wilkesbarre, 223 miles from W. C., and 115 from Harris- burg. The towns are in full view from each other, the river intervening, and the former, like the latter, standing on an elevated alluvial plain ; Kingston is on the southern boundary of the t- ship, & is insulated by Troy creek. It is in a most flourishing condition, and contains 50 dwellings, several stores, and taverns, and several mechanics' shops and a church. (See Kingston t-ship.) Pop. about 300.
Kingstown, a small village of E. Pennsborough t-ship, Cumberland co. on the turnpike road from Harrisburg to Carlisle, about 6 miles N. E. of the latter.
Kingsessing, t-ship, Philadelphia co. is bounded N. by Blockley t-ship, E. by the Schuylkill river, and S. E. by the Delaware river, W. by Cobb's and Darby creeks, and S. W. by Bow cr.
Greatest length 5, breadth 22 miles ; centrally distant S. W. from Philadel- phia 7 miles ; area, 6,800 acres ; sur- face, mostly level ; soil, chiefly alluvi- al. The ditches and marsh creeks in the lower part of the t-ship, divide it into islands, the chief of which are State island, formerly called Province island, having been purchased by the provincial government for a lazaretto and quarantine ground, and Carpen- ter's island. In the river Delaware, making part of the t-ship, are Hog, Mud, and Little Mud islands. The first is now rich and fertile embanked meadow, and the second is the site of Fort Mifflin, noted in American histo- ry for its obstinate and protracted de- fence against the British forces in the year 1777. On the marshes of King- sessing and Passyunk is fed much of the excellent beef for which the mark- et of Philadelphia is famed. Upon the bank of the river Schuylkill about a mile below Grey's ferry is the beau- tiful and valuable garden and nursery, originally established by the celebra- ted naturalist Bartram, and now care- fully and judiciously cultivated by Col. Carr, who intermarried with his fami- ly. Pop. in 1830, 1068 ; taxables in 1828, 241. There is a post-office having the name of the t-ship, on the Darby road, at the Sorrel Horse tav- ern, 5 miles from the city, 132 from W. C. and 102 from Harrisburg.
Kirkbridesville ferry, on the bank of the Delaware river, opposite to Trenton, 31 miles from Philadelphia, 20 miles S. E. from Doylestown. There is a tavern here, but that is the only building immediately at the place, save sheds and stable.
Kirks mills, p-o. of Little Britain t- ship, Lancaster co. on Raccoon's run, 25 miles S. E. of Lancaster, 85 front W. C. and 63 from Harrisburg.
Kishcoquillas creeks, Big and Little. The first rises in Armagh t-ship, Mifflin co. by several branches, which uniting near the centre of the t-ship, flow S. W. along the N. foot of Jack's moun- tain. The latter rises in Union t-ship, and flows N. E. along the same side
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of the mountain, to meet the first in a ravine, through which the blended streams flow S. through Derry t-ship, to the Juniata river at Lewistown. They are rapid mountain streams, ad- mirably adapted to mill works, and have some mills upon them.
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