USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 80
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The co. was settled chiefly by emi- grants from other parts of Pennsylva- nia ; and in 1810, contained 3060 in- habitants, in 1820, 4915, and in 1830, 9128, of whom 4759 were white males, 4339 white females, 1 male, 1 female slave, 12 free colored males, 16 females. Among these, 16 aliens, 2 blind, and 7 deaf and dumb ; taxa- bles in 1828, 1930. The prevailing religious sects are Presbyterian, Me- thodist, Episcopalian, Baptist and Lu- theran, who have established several valuable religious and moral institu- tions, viz., a county Bible society, temperance societies, Sunday schools, &c.
The only manufacture in the co. worthy of particular attention is that of iron, for which there is a furnace at the mouth of Oil creek, one on Sandy creek, and another on Scrub Grass creek ; a bloomery in Tconista t-ship, a furnace on Little Toby's cr., and two forges on French cr.
The exports of the co. are wheat,
corn, iron, hay, lumber, and sand stone for the manufacture of glass, vast quantities of which are sent to the glass houses at Pittsburg.
The towns of the county are few and far between, viz., Franklin, the county t., Cooperstown, Hickory t., Shippensville, and Foxburg, &c.
The Venango academy, incorpora- ted in the year 1812, is located in the town of Franklin, and has received from the state a donation of $2000. In thickly settled neighborhoods, pri- mary schools are established, and tole- rably well supported. The public buildings in the county town consist of a court house and offices of brick, a jail of stone, and a brick Episcopal, and a frame Presbyterian church.
By the assessment of 1829, the val- ue of taxable property was, real estate $635,000; personal, including occu- pations, $95,000. The marketable value of improved lands is stated at from 6 to 8 dols. the acre; of unim- proved, at 2 dols. the acre.
Erie, Crawford, Mercer, Warren and Venango, form the 18th congres- sional district, sending one member to the senate. Warren, Armstrong, In- diana, Jefferson and Venango make the 24th senatorial district of the state, sending one member to the senate, and Venango and Warren elect one member to the house of representa- tives. Venango, Mercer, Crawford and Erie, compose the 6th judicial district, of which Henry Shippen is president. The courts are holden at Franklin, on the 1st Mondays in No- vember, February, May and August. The county belongs to the western district of the supreme court, which holds an annual session at Pittsburgh on the first Monday in September.
Venango county paid into the
state treasury in 1832, for tax on writs, 63 25
Tavern licenses,
108 64
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize, 73 04
State maps, 28 50
$283,43
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Van Winkles creek, Susquehannah co., rises in Jackson t-ship, and flows southward through Harford, into Len- ox, where it unites with the Tunkhan- nock creek. It turns some mills in its course but is too small to be navi- gable.
Venango, t-ship, Erie co., bounded N. by N. E. t-ship, E. by the state of N. Y., S. by Union t-ship, and W. by Beaver Dam t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Erie 12 ms. ; greatest length 6 by 5₺ ms. ; area, 211,230 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 683 : taxables, 108. It is drained by the N. Branch of the French creek, which flows S. through the t-ship. Lake Pleasant lies in the S. W. angle of the t-ship, and discharges its waters by a short stream into French creek.
Venango, t-ship, Crawford co. Pop. in 1830, 886.
Venango Furnace, p-o., 275 miles from W. C., and 225 from Harris- burg.
Venango, t-ship, Butler co., bound- ed N. by Venango co., E. by Arm- strong co., S. by Parker t-ship, and W. by Mercer t-ship; it is the remote N. E. t-ship of the county. Length 10, breadth 5 ms. ; area, 32,000 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam, gravel, slate. Coal and iron are abundant, and of excellent quality. Pop. in 1830, 499; taxables in 1828, 102. It is drained westwardly by the head waters of Slippery Rock creek, and E. by several small runs, which fiow into the Allegheny river.
Vernon, t-ship, Crawford co. Pop. in 1830, 797.
Versailles, t-ship, Allegheny co., bounded N. by Wilkins and Plumb t-ships, E. by Westmoreland co., S. by Youghiogheny r., which separates it from Elizabeth t-ship, and W. by the Monongahela r. Beside the rivers it is drained by Turtle creek, which separates it from Wilkins and Plumb t-ships, and by Long run. It is cen- trally distant from Pittsburg S. E. 12 miles ; greatest length 6, breadtlı 5 ms. ; area, 10,240 acres; surface,
hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 911 ; taxables, 233. The t-pike road from Greensburg to Pittsburg passes thro' the N. E. angle of the t-ship. The p-t. of Mckeesport lies at the conflu- ence of the Youghiogheny with the Allegheny r., and the p-t. of Perrits- port, at the junction of Turtle creek with the latter r.
Village Green, a post town of As- ton t-ship, Delaware co., on the road from Chester to Chads ford, distant 4 ms. from the former, 126 miles from W. C., and 87 S. E. from Harrisburg; contains 6 dwellings, one tavern, blacksmith shop, school house and Methodist meeting.
Vineyard creek, Porter t-ship, Hunt- ingdon co, a tributary of Juniata river, which flows S. around the Warrior ridge, by McConnelsburg into the riv- er, opposite to and below IIuntingdon borough.
Vincent, t-ship, Chester co., bound- ed N. E. by the r. Schuylkill, which divides it from Montgomery county, S. E. by Pikeland, S. W. by Uwch- lan and N. W. by East Nantmeal and Coventry t-ships. Centrally distant from Philadelphia N.W. about 30 ms., from West Chester 12 miles north. Length 91, breadth 5 miles ; area 23,500 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, san- dy loam. Pop. in 1830, 2,147 ; tax- ables 411. The turnpike road to Morgantown crosses the S. W. part of the t-ship .. Stoney creek, French creek and Ring creek flow through it. There is a post office in the t-ship, called Vincent, 142 miles N. of W. C. and 75 ms. S. E. from Harrisburg.
Wagontown, post town, Chester co., 130 miles N. of W. C., and 70 miles S. E. of Harrisburg.
Walker, t-ship, Huntingdon co., bounded N. by Porter t-ship, N. E. by Henderson t-ship, S. E. by Union, S. W. by Hopewell and W. by Wood- berry t-ships. Greatest length 7, breadth 6 miles ; area, 22,400 acres ; surface hilly ; soil in the valleys lime- (stone. The Raystown branch of the Juniata girds it on the S. and E., and Vineyard creek crosses it to the river,
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opposite the town of Huntingdon. jjinto the state of New York, and thence McConnellsburg is a village of the township.
Walker, t-ship, Mckean co., bound- ed N. by Keating t-ship, E. by Pot- ter co., S. by Shippen t-ship, and W. by Sergeant t-ship. Centrally distant from Smethport S. E. 13 miles ; length 94, breadthı 9 miles; area, 54,720 acres ; surface hilly and broken ; soil gravelly loam, heavily timbered. It is drained N. by a tributary of the Al- legheny river.
Walker, t-ship, Mifflin co .; surface mountainous, with fine valleys,in which is a productive limestone soil. Pop. in 1830, 1379 ; taxables in 1828, 401.
Walker, t-ship, Centre co., bound- ed N. E. by Lamar t-ship, S. E. by Miles t-ship, S. W. by Spring t-ship, and N. W. by Howard t-ship. Cen- trally distant N. E. from Bellefonte 8 miles ; greatest length 10, breadthı 54 miles ; area, 28,160 acres ; surface diversified ; soil, in the valleys lime- stone. Pop. in 1830, 1076 ; taxa- bles, 224. The t-ship consists chiefly of the southern half of the Nittany valley, enclosed on the N. W. by the Muncy mountain and on the S. E. by the Nittany mountain. It is drained by Little Fishing creek. Post office 200 miles from W. C., 93 from Har- risburg.
Walkersville, post town of Half Moon t-ship, Centre co., on the E. side of Bald Eagle ridge, 14 miles S. W. of Bellefonte.
Wallsville, post office, Luzerne co., 248 miles from W. C., and 140 from Harrisburg.
Wallace's town, Warrior Mark t-ship Huntingdon co., near the N. boundary of the t-ship, about 20 miles N. W. of the borough of Huntingdon, a small hamlet.
Walnut creek, Erie co., rises in Beaver Dam t-ship, and flows by a westerly course of about 14 ms. thro' Mill Creek, Mckean and Fairview t-ships into Lake Erie.
Wappessening creek, rises in Cho- conut t-ship, Susquehannah co., and flows N. W. through Bradford co.,
into the Suspuehannah r., a few ms. above Smithborough. It is a large stream and affords fine mill seats.
Wapwallopen creeks, Great and Lit. tle, both rise in Hanover t-ship, Lu- zerne co., and flow westerly through Newport and Nescopeck t-ships into the r. Susquehannah. They are sep- arated in their course of about 15 ms. by the mountain of the same name. Both are navigable for canoes a short distance from the river. Barnet's cr. contributes to the volume of the former and Loon lake and Triangle pond to that of the latter. Upon the Great Wapwallopen are some noted falls, about half a mile distant from the Sus- quehannah river. The water falls perpendicularly over a rock thirty feet. Here are some fine mills. The cascade is known also by the name of Wapehawley falls.
Wapwallopen hill, a mountainous ridge of Luzerne co., which rises on the Susquehannah r. in Luzerne co. and runs eastwardly through the t-ships of Nescopeck, Newport and Hano- ver. It separates two streams, each of which bears its name.
Wapwallopen Valley, Luzerne co., formed by the Wapwallopen mountain on the N., and the Nescopeck on the south. The Great Wapwallopen cr. flows through it. The Berwick turn- pike road passes thro' it for about 7 ms.
Warminster, t-ship, Bucks county, bounded N. E. by Warwick and Northampton t-ships, S. E. by South- ampton, S. W. by Montgomery co., and N. W. by Warrington township. Central distance from Philadelphia 17 miles N .; from Doylestown 8 ms. S. E. ; length 4}, breadth 2} ms. ; area, 5,397 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, gra- vel and sandy loam. Pop. in 1830, 709 ; taxables in 1828, 155. The W. branch of the Neshaminy creek passes through the N. E. angle, and several small tributaries of the Pennypack flow southwardly from the t-ship into that stream. Hartsville is the post office of the t-ship, which is known as War- minster post office.
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Warringdon, t-ship, Bucks county, bounded N. E. by Doylestown and Warwick t-ships, S. E. by Warmin- ster, S. W. by Mongomery co., N. W. by New Britain t-ship. Centrally distant 20 miles. N. of Philadelphia, and 6 miles S. of Doylestown ; sur- face rolling ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 512; taxables in 1828, 113 ; great- est length 4, breadth 2} miles ; area, 5,397 acres. The west branch of the Neshaminy creek crosses the S. east- ern angle. Newville, a post town, lies on the line dividing the t-ship from Warwick. The W. branch of the Neshaminy crosses the S. E. angle of the township.
Warner's creek, Manheim t-ship, Schuylkill co., a tributary of the river Schuylkill, which flows easterly into that stream opposite Scollop hill, and near the tunnel of the canal.
Warrington, t-ship, York co.,bound- ed N. by Monohan and Fairview town- ships, E. by Newberry, S. E. by Do- ver, S. W. by Washington townships. Centrally distant from the borough of York 13 miles ; greatest length 83, breadth 71 ms ; arca, 23,040 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, red shale, poor ; pop. in 1830, 1230 ; taxables, 263. Tax- able property, 1829, real estate $147, 300 ; personal 12,515; occupations 16,735; total 176,550 ; rate 25 cts. in the $100. The Conewago creek follows the south east boundary, and receives Beaver creek from the t-ship. Rosstown lies 2 miles N. W. of Con- ewago creek and about 12 miles from York borough. Rich Hill is a noted prominence on the E., and Round Top on the N. of the t-ship. Rossville is the post town.
Warrington, small village of Buffalo t-ship, Armstrong co., on the turn- pike road leading from Kittanning to Butler, about 6 miles W. from the former ; contains some half a dozen dwellings and tavern.
poses. By an act of 18th April, 1795, the town of " Warren" was di- rected to be laid out at the confluence of the Conewango creek with the Al- legheny r., to contain 300 acres ; to be divided into town lots, with seven hundred acres of land adjoining there- to, for out lots ; the town lots to con- tain not more than one third of an acre, and the out lots not more than 5 acres. By act 16th March, 1819, the county was fully organized for ju- dicial purposes, and the seat of justice located at the town of Warren. The county is bounded N. by the state of N. Y., E. by Mckean co., S. by Jef- ferson and Venango counties, and W. by Erie and Crawford counties. Its form is oblong, having on the longest lines E. and W. 32 ms., and on the shorter N. and S. 26 ms. ; area, 832 square ms. or 532,480 acres ; central lat. 41º 50' N. ; long. from Washing- ton city, 2º 22' W.
Although this county is in the great secondary formation, which, in Penn. commonly abounds with coal, salt and iron, we are not aware that either of these articles have yet been discover- ed here. It is probable, however, that they lie here much deeper than in the more southern countics. The face of the county is much diversified. The t-ships on the north border, are of good quality second rate land, and would sustain a dense pop. The sur- face is moderately undulating, but not hilly ; and in a scope of 150,000 acres, there are scarce an hundred that will not make a tolerable farm. The tim- ber is principally sugar maple and beech, interspersed with oak, chest- nut, linn, cucumber, cherry, white wood, and occasionally extensive groves of pine, on or near the banks of the streams. The second tier of t- ships, south of the first, and north of the Allegheny r., has a more varied character. That part which lies be- tween the Conewango and Broken Straw creeks, is similar in sur- face to that we have described, cx- cept so much as is within two or three
Warren county, was formed from Allegheny and Lycoming counties, by act 12th March, 1800. By the act Ist April, 1805, the county was annexed to Venango for judicial pur- ms. of the r., which is timbered with
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oak, chestnut, and pine, and is es- || between Warren town and the state teemed better for wheat, than the beech and maple lands. The land between the Broken Straw creeks is stony, indeed, and in the language of an eastern land speculator, will prob- ably never be settled, unless by an earthquake. W. and S. of this is a large body of good arable land. The soil of the r. bottoms is deemed first rate ; of which, including the second bottom, there are from 40 to 50,000 acres in the county, besides the creek bottoms, which are little inferior in quality. This soil when properly cultivated, commonly produces 50 bushels of corn to the acre; and 60, nay 70 bushels have frequently been obtained, and other grain, except wheat, in proportion. Wheat upon these rich soils grows too rankly and perishes in its luxuriance. Thirty bushels of corn and 20 of wheat is an average crop on the uplands. The country on the S. E. of the Alleghe- ny was until lately little known and scarce explored, and was supposed uninhabitable. It has been principal- ly sold for taxes, and purchased by the county commissioners, who (the period for redemption having expired) have within a few years made exten- sive sales. Some of the purchasers have removed to the land, and find it of better quality than they expected. It is heavily timbered with the vari- ous species of forest trees common to the other parts of the county.
Few countries of similar extent are so well supplied with streams of ex- cellent water, adapted to hydraulic purposes. The Allegheny enters the county by its N. E. angle and cross- ing it diagonally, flows from it, in the S. W., having a course of more than 50 ms. within the co., and an average width of 25 rods. It presents ex- tensive sheets of slack water, alter- nating with short ripples, with falls of about 2 feet, over which in dry sea- sons the stream is not more than 18 inches deep, whilst in the pools it is from 6 to 12 fcet. T'en double saw mills are driven by the main stream
line. The Conewango creek enters the county 12 ms. N. of, and empties into, the Allegheny at Warren. This is a large and navigable stream ; from · Russell's mills (5 miles) to the N. Y. line, it is deep and sluggish, and will admit of steamboat navigation during the whole year, when not frozen, and it preserves this character for 30 miles above the mills. From the mills to Warren (7 ms.) it is more rapid ; the fall in this distance being 60 feet ; but loaded keel boats ascend in a full state of the water without difficulty. There are 4 double and 2 single saw mills on these rapids. The Broken Straw creek is next in size and impor- tance. It rises in the state of N. Y. and enters Penn. near the W. corner of the county, runs a S. course about 25 ms. and empties into the Alleghe- ny 7 ms. below Warren. Nine ms. from its mouth, it receives the Little Broken Straw, another excellent mill stream. The lumber business is very extensively carried on by these creeks, there being more than 30 saw mills upon them. The Teonista creek is another important stream, rising S. of the Allegheny, in this and Mckean counties, and running E. and S. W. and uniting with the Allegheny .30 ms. below Warren. It is the most serpentine stream in the county, little interrupted by ripples, is remarkably smooth and gentle, and is navigable for canoes of 3 tons, 40 ms. from its mouth. There are several saw mills upon it. There are several other mill streams, the Kenjua, Stillwater, Tidiouto, Coffee, and Fair Bank creeks ; Jackson's, Ashley's, Valen- tine's and Morrison's runs, all which have mills upon them.
There are four considerable villages in the county, Warren, Youngsville, Sugar Grove and Pine Grove ; and two others lately laid out, viz : Lottsville, on the Little Broken Straw, in Sugar Grove t-ship, and Fayette on a branch of the Big Broken Straw, in Colum- bus t-ship; both having a valuable wa- ter power, are rapidly increasing.
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The public buildings consist of small neat court house, of brick, with a cupola and bells, the county offices of stone, and a prison also of stone, so small and insecure, however, that it has more than once, it is said, been mistaken for a turkey pen. There is also an academy at the town of War- ren, incorporated in 1822, which has received a donation of 500 acres of land from the state. There is a news- paper published in the town of Warren, called "The Warren Gazette."
The means of reaching market, of obtaining supplies, and of conducting generally the commercial business of this county,have been much increased, by the adaptation of steamboats to the waters of the Allegheny river. Boats on the Blanchard construction may now ascend the river to Warren, during a greater part of the year ; and by damming the river at the greater ripples, a sufficient depth of water will be obtained at all times.
This county, with Erie, Crawford, Mercer and Venango, forms the 18th congressional district, sending one member to congress ; with Venango, Armstrong, Indiana, and Jefferson, it constitutes the 24th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate ; united with Venango, it sends one member to the house of representa- tives. Warren pertains to the 6th ju- dicial district, to which also belong Venango, Mercer, and Crawford coun- ties. President, Henry Shippen, Esq. The courts are holden on the first Mondays after those of Venango co. The county belongs to the western district of the supreme court, which holds a session at Pittsburg on the first Monday of September, annually.
Warren county paid into the state treasury, in 1831,
For tax on writs, $165 38
Tavern licenses, 142 50
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize, 324 20
$632 08
The population of the county was, in 1830, 4706, of whom 2507 were
" white males, 2185 white females, 10 free colored males, 4 females. In this number were included 65 aliens, 2 blind and 2 deaf and dumb.
The value of taxable property in the county, by the assessment of 1829, was $466,472.
Warren, p-t. and seat of Justice of Warren co. is situated on a level plain of about 300 acres, on the N. bank of the Allegheny river, and W. of the Conewango creek, at the junction of these streams, 313 miles N. W. from W. C., and 240 from Harrisburg. The town is principally built on the river. The bank is about forty feet high, and commands a fine view of the stream above and below the town. It is acknowledged on all hands to be one of the most eligible and handsome situations for a town on the river. It was laid out by the authority of the state, and the lots sold by a commis- sioner appointed for that purpose .- The town plot consists of 500 lots, one third of an acre each, laid out into blocks of sixteen lots each. The streets run on every side of these blocks and cross at right angles. The principal streets are one hundred feet wide, the others, sixty. Near the centre of the plot and at the crossing of two 100 feet streets, four lots of an acre each, are left for the public buildings. This is called the diamond. The only pub- lic buildings here, are a brick court house, and public offices of stone, fire proof. The court house is not large, but neat and convenient, substantially built and well finished, with a well toned bell in it, weighing with a yoke 362 lbs. A jail also, although it has once or twice been mistaken for a tur- key pen. The village contains sixty dwelling houses, mostly frame, two stories high, finished and painted white, and tenanted. Five stores well filled, three taverns, two tanneries, two blacksmith shops, five shoemakers, one saddler and harness maker, two chair makers, and a wheelwright, one cabi- net maker, two carpenters and joiners, one hatter, one wagon maker, six law- yers, two doctors, one baker, two ma-
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sons, six free masons, two saw mills, and a grist mill. An academy, incor- porated by act of assembly 2d April, 1822, by which 500 acres of land were given to it.
Warren, small town of Kiskimini- tas, t-ship, Armstrong co. upon the Kis- kiminitas river,about 20 ms. S. of Kit- tanning, contains 20 houses, 3 stores, and 2 taverns.
Warren tavern, p-o. of E. White- land t-ship, Chester co., 18 miles W. of Philadelphia, on the turnpike road leading to Lancaster, 131 ms. N. of W. C., and 77 S. E. from Harrisburg.
Warrensburg, a post town and small hamlet of Berks co., on the turnpike road from Philadelphia to Reading, distant 12 miles from the latter, con- taining about a dozen dwellings, a ta- vern, a church, pertaining to the En- glish Presbyterians.
Warren, post t-ship, Bradford co. bounded N. by the state of N. York, E. by Susquehannah co., S. by Pike and Orwell t-ships, and W. by Windham t-ship. Centrally distant from Towan- da N. E. 17 ms. Greatest length 6 ms., breadth 6 ms. area 21,760 acres. Surface hilly,soil gravelly loam. Pop- ulation, in 1830, 756, taxables, 133. It is drained by Wepasening creek, (and its branches) which flows N. W. into the Susquehannah river. South Warren post office is 270 miles N. W. from W. C. 159 from Harrisburg .- Warrenham is also a post office of the t-ship.
Warren t-ship, Franklin co. bound- ed N. by Peters, E. by Montgomery t-ship, S. by Maryland, and W. by Bedford co. Centrally distant from Chambersburg 21 ms., greatest length 11,breadth 5 ms., area 49,920 acres. Surface, mountainous ; soil, lime and slate. Population in 1830, 572. This is a very mountainous t-ship. The Great and Little Cove mountain bound it W. and E., and in the intervening valley, Little Cove creek flows S. to Licking creek.
Warrior run, Turbut t-ship, North- ampton co., a small tributary of the Susquehannah, which flows into that r. below the - village of Watsonsburg.
Warrior ridge, Bedford co., a mountain range, which extends from the south boundary of the state, N. E. through Southampton and Providence t-ships to the Raystown branch of the Juniata river.
Warrior ridge, Huntingdon co. Porter t-ship, running N. about 8 ms. from McConnellsburg, to the Franks- town branch of the Juniata river, and thence N. E. into Barre t-ship.
Warrior's Mark, t-ship, Huntingdon co., bounded N. by Centre co., S. E. by Franklin, S. W. by Tyrone and Antes t-ships. Centrally distant N. W. from Huntingdon borough, 18 miles ; greatest length, 13, breadth, 6 miles ; area, 20,480 acres; surface, moun- tainous ; soil in valley, limestone .- Taxables in 1828, 284. The western part of the t-ship is covered by the Allegheny mountain, and Bald Eagle ridge. Through the last of which the Juniata river finds its way, and courses the S. W. boundary. Little Bald Eagle creek and several other small streams. E. of the ridge, salt and iron are found, near Tyrone iron works. The p-town of Birmingham lies on the river, and Warrior's Mark town near the N. line. The latter, also a p-town, containing 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 tavern, &c. The t-ship contained in 1828, 5 grist mills, 4 saw mills, 2 distilleries, 1 fulling mill, 1 slitting and rolling mill, 1 mill for cleaning clover secd, 1 paper mill and 1 furnace.
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