USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 67
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Pine Grove, t-ship, Venango coun- ty, bounded north by the Allegheny r. and Teonista t-ship,E. by Farming- ton,S. by Elk Creek t-ship, and W. by Rockland. Centrally distant E. from Franklin borough, 16 miles ; greatest length, 11 ; breadth, 8 miles ; area, 41,220 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, rich loam. Pop. in 1830, 205 ; taxa- bles, 71. It is drained by Hemlock creek on the N. W. and Six Mile run on the S. W.
Pine creek, a large tributary of the west branch of the Susquehannah riv- er, which, rising in Potter co. several miles E. of Coudersport, flows E. 25 miles into Tioga co., thence S. about 15 miles into Lycoming, and through that county S. W. about 13 or 14 ms. and S. E. about 16 miles, into the riv- er 5 or 6 miles above the borough of Jersey Shore. The creek is navigable above the line of Potter county, a dis- tance from its mouth of near 60 miles. Vast quantities of lumber pass down it annually to the market. Not less than 5 millions of feet are supposed to have been sent from Tioga county, by this route in the spring of 1832. One house sent to market about one mill- ion of feet.
Pine Creek, post office, Tioga co., distant 265 miles N. W. of W. C., and 159 from Harrisburg.
Pine Grove, t-ship, Schuylkill co., hundred souls. It is distant 18 miles is bounded on the north by Lower Mahantango, E. by Wayne t-ship, S.
by Berks co., and W. by Dauphin and Lebanon counties ; greatest length, 13 ; greatest breadth, 9 miles, as the township was formerly bounded, before the formation of Wayne, when its area was about 40,280 acres. The surface of this t-ship is very mountain- ous. It is drained by the Swatara creek, whose brances traverse it in every direction. Along the main stream of the Swatara, which flows on the north side of the Blue mountain, runs the navigable " feeder" of the Union canal, including the " great dam" or artificial lake, made by the Union canal company, in a narrow part of the gorge of the mountain through which the creek passes. This great work extends across the pass, abutted by solid rocks, 430 feet, and the water which it arrests covers between 7 and 800 acres. A towing path is constructed along the margin to the head of the pond, a distance of six miles, from which place the canal has been continued four miles to the village of Pine Grove, where basins have been made to facilitate the coal trade. From thence a rail road runs along the valley of the Swatara creek about three miles and a half into the coal region. The township contained in 1830, 1609 inhabitants. The tax- ables in 1828, were 217. There is a forge in the township, near the village, known as " Pine Grove forge," and three churches.
Pine Grove, post town and borough, Pine Grove t-ship, Schuylkill county, situated on the Swatara creek, at the termination of the feeder of the Union canal. The town has several streets and between 80 and 90 dwellings,four large and commodious hotels, six or seven stores, and two mills. Basins have been made here for the canal boats, and a rail road leads to the coal mines, on the N. ofthe Sharp moun- tain. This place will doubtless par- ticipate largely in the coal trade. Its population now consists of about five west of Orwigsburg, 151 north fron W. C., and 41 cast of Harrisburg.
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Pine Grove, village, Warren co., situated on the W. bank of the Cone- wango creek, seven miles above War- ren, at the head of the rapids. It is compactly built, containing fifteen dwelling houses, a store, three taverns, and several mechanics' shops. Rus- sell's mills are situated at this place.
Pine Grove mills, post office, Cen- tre county, 177 N. W. of W. C., and 88 of Harrisburg.
Pine Grove, t-ship, Warren county, bounded N. by the state of New York, E. by Elk t-ship. S. by the Conewan- go t-ship, and W. by Sugar Grove t-ship. Centrally distant N. from Warren borough 8 miles ; length 9} ; breadth 7} ; area, 33,260 acres ; sur- face, undulating ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 652 ; taxables 1828, 134. The Conewango creek flowing south divides the t-ship into two unequal parts; and receives from the t-ship sev- eral small streams, the chief of which is Pine creek from the east. On the right bank, in the t-ship, centrally sit- uated, is the small town of Russell- ville, or Pine Grove.
Pineville, hamlet of Bucks co., on the line between Buckingham and Wrightstown t-ships, 7 miles a little south of E. from Doylestown. Con- tains four or five dwellings.
Pisgah hill, a mountain in the south part of Tyrone t-ship, Perry co., on the border of Sherman's creek.
Pismire hill, Sugar Loaf t-ship, Luzerne co., south of the Buck moun- tains, and between Sandy and Black creeks.
Pitch-Pine run, Tobyhanna t-ship, Northampton co., a tributary of the Pohopoko creek, rising north of Pim- ple hill and Wilkesbarre turnpike. It is a mill stream, but not navigable.
Pitt, t-ship, Allegheny co., bound- ed north by the Allegheny river, east by Wilkins t-ship, S. and W. by the Monongahela river ; greatest length, 7} ; breadth, 6 miles ; arca, 13,440 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 3924 ; taxables, 1218, exclu. sive of the city of Pittsburg, which lies
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at the confluence of the rs. at the N. W. point of the t-ship. The streams of the township other than the rivers are few and inconsiderable in volume. The township abounds in coal. The great turnpike road runs through it to Pittsburg, on which, six miles east of the city, is the post town of East Lib- erty. The post town of Lawrence- ville lies on the Allegheny river, 4 ms. above Pittsburg.
Pittsburg, city, Allegheny co., is situated in 40° 32' N. lat., 3º 2" W. long. from W. C., at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers; 201 ms. N. W. from W. C., 300 ms. W. of Philadelphia, 196 from Harrisburg, 120 S. of Lake Erie, 1100 by land and 2000 by water above N. Orleans. The Monongahela here runs a due N. course, and re- ceives the Allegheny from the E., or perhaps it might be said with more propriety, that the Allegheny receives the Monongahela, the former being the greater stream. The city stands on a level alluvial bottom of small ex- tent ; for immediately back of it, and at a distance of not more than half a mile from the point rises Grant's hill, high and almost precipitous, and is the great secondary bank, which spreads itself so as to leave along the Alleghe- ny river, a strip of land of one third or one fourth of a mile wide, of great fertility, and along the Monongahela, a still narrower belt. The hill was named after the unfortunate major Grant, who was defcated here by the French and Indians, in 1758. This spot claims notice politically and com- mercially from the year 1754, when the French erected a fort here, to which they gave the name of Du Quesne, from the marquis of that name, then governor general of Can- ada. Its value as a military posi- tion had been marked in the preceding year by Gen. Washington, when on a mission from Gov. Denwiddie of Virginia to ascertain the views of the French in this quarter. The fort was captured by the British 1758, and re- ceived the name of fort Pitt, in honor of the earl of Chatham.
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The city was founded in 1765, but| was not regularly surveyed until 1784. On the 22d April of that year, Tench Francis, Esq., who was the attorney of the proprietaries, one of whose ma- nors included the site, instructed Gco. Potts, Esq., to lay out the town, and to divide the rest of the manor into pro- per lots and farms, and to set a value thereon, that they might be offered for immediate sale. The survey was completed in May or June following, and confirmed by the attorney on the 30th Sept., 1784. For some years it increased slowly ; containing in 1786, about 100 houses, erected chiefly on the 3d bank, but of late years it has extended rapidly along the margin of the rivers, and is encroaching upon Grant's hill, houses being built on its sides and summit. It was erected in- to a borough by an act of assembly, passed 5th March, 1804, and was in- corporated as a city by an act of 18th March, 1816.
It is not possible to do justice to this article, without embracing in our views the neighboring towns and hamlets, which form the suburbs of this city. On the W. side of the Mo. nongahela, and about a mile above Pittsburgh, lies the flourishing borough of Birmingham ; and immediately op- posite to the city, under the high and jutting hill, called coal hill, is a street of manufacturing establishments, which may be considered as an extension of Birmingham, and which is connected with Pittsburg, by a fine roofed bridge, built in 1818, 1500 ft. in length, and 37 in width, having 8 arches suppor- ted by stone piers, by a joint stock company, to which the state subscrib- ed $40,000, at an expense of 102,450. In the opposite direction, and north of the Allegheny river, stands the boro' of Allegheny town, on a beautiful plain of great extent, also connected with Pittsburg by a roofed bridge, erected in 1819; in length 1122 ft., breadth 38 ft., and 38 feet above the water, resting on 6 piers of dressed stone,-by a joint stock company, to which the state also subscribed $40,
000, at the cost of $95,249. Above Allegheny town about a mile, and on the same side of the river, is the town of Manchester. The Northern Liber- ties of Pittsburg and Bayardstown, are on the city side of the river, and are closer suburbs.
In 1810 the population of the city of Pittsburgh was about 5000, in 1820, 7248, and the census of 1830 gives to the city proper, 12,542; to Pitt t-ship, in which it lies, 3924; to the borough of Allegheny town, 2801; and to the borough of Birmingham, 520; Bayardstown borough, 2125. During part of the period between 1817 and 1824, this city suffered much from the general stagnation of business, and extensive bankruptcy which prevailed. But since the latter year its prosperity has been wonder- ful, and bids fair to continue.
The commercial importance of Pitts- burg is very great, and the additional facilities of transportation which mod- ern improvements have created, seems to assure an enormous and indefinite increase of business here. By the canal on the Allegheny and Cone- maugh rivers, it penetrates central Pennsylvania W. of the Appalachian system, and by the rail road across the mountains and the canal of the Juniata, it reaches to the Susquehannah and the richest counties of the state E. of the mountains, and thence to the sea board. By the Monongahela r. and by the Ohio and Potomac canal, it is connected with the S. part of the state ; and with Maryland and Virginia and the seat of the federal government. By the Ohio r. it carries on an active trade with the western states and New Orleans, and by the proposed canals N. and N. W., it may attain a large share of the business of New York, of the state of Ohio, and the N. W. country generally.
There is one bank established at Pittsburg by the state, with a capital of $346,155, and a branch of the bank of the U. S. Insurance against water and fire is commonly made by agents of eastern companies.
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The manufactures of this city have || descend the Allegheny alone, from already given it much celebrity, both the pine forests on the sources of that river. The products of the manufac- tories of Pittsburg certainly much ex- ceed the annual value of $2,000,000. abroad and at home. They first ex- cited attention about the year 1810, and have since, though occasionally depressed by the changes in the gene- Within the last two or three years, steamboats have been constructed to ply upon the Allegheny & Monongahe- la rivers, and during the season of the year when the waters are full, a regu- lar communication, we believe, is main- tained with the towns on the former river, as high as Warren. The state canal, which follows the-right bank of the Allegheny river, from the mouth of the Kiskiminitas, crosses the river by an aqueduct, at Allegheny town, and by a tunnel through Grant's hill, and communicates by an outlet lock, with the Monongahela river. ral business of the country, continued to grow into their present importance. The vast quantities of coal in the sur- rounding hills, and the great supplies of iron obtained from the region W. of, and particularly along the moun- tains, rendered now more accessible by the state canals and the admirable position of the city for commercial en- terprize, have made it a vast assem- blage of manufacturing establishments, which day and night roll up immense volumes of smoke, darkening the very heavens, and discoloring every object, the houses and their inhabitants. Here are many and extensive forges, rolling and slitting mills, and foundries, sup- plied with the bars and blooms of Cen- tre, Mifflin, and Huntingdon counties, in the, very centre of the state, and from the counties more west. Here are cast ploughs, mill machinery, stoves, cannon and cannon balls ; here is constructed a vast number of steam- boats with their engines, and employ- ment is given to several thousand arti- sans, in iron and wood, connected with this great manufacture. Here are 6 or 8 extensive glass manufactories, whose products have been admired in every part of the union, but particu- larly in the towns S. and W. and N. of Pittsburg. Here are many and extensive cotton and woollen manu- factories, paper mills, saw and grist mills, distilleries, &c. &c., all set in motion by steam, raised at the cheap. est rate, by coal which costs little more than the price of digging and a short cartage. Between 5 and 6000 wag- ons arrive here annually from the cast, loaded with merchandize for the west ; whilst the quantity. of flour, whiskey, lumber, and salt, &c. &c., which is brought by the road, the ca- nals and the rivers, for exportation by the Ohio, is immense. It is calcula- ted that thirty millions of feet of plank
Turnpike roads from N., S., E., & W., communicate between the city and the adjacent country. The town is supplied with water by means of steam engines, and the fluid is distrib- uted from an elevated reservoir, thro' the streets by iron pipes. The coun- cils have authorized a company to light the streets, &c. by gas.
The Pittsburg academy was estab- lished in 1787, and 5000 acres of land were granted by the state in aid of the institution. It continued to thrive un- til 1819, when more extensive means of education being required, the legis. lature incorporated, by act of 18th Feb., 1819, the " Western University of Pennsylvania," to be located at, or near Allegheny town, and authorized the trustees of the academy to convey to the university all their estate, real and personal, and at the same time granted to the latter 40 acres of va- cant lands belonging to the common- wealth, bounded by, or adjoining the outlots of Allegheny town. But some difficulty as to title has prevented this grant from being wholly operative. Since that period, in 1826, the legis- lature has given to the university from the state treasury, $9600. By aid of these donations, and the liberal- ity of individuals, the trustees have been enable to erect on Grant's hill, on
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the Monongahela side of the town, suitable buildings for the institution. The university is under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Bruce, as president. It has 4 academical instructers, and about 50 students.
The city and its vicinity are well provided with schools, and there is a noted boarding school for young ladies a few miles from Pittsburg, on Brad- dock's fatal field. There are several political, commercial, and religious papers published in Pittsburg. But a taste for literature is not much diffu- sed, nor very active.
Religious institutions. There are in Pittsburg proper, exclusive of the suburbs, 1 Baptist, 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 2 Roman Catholic churches, including the large cathedral on Grant's hill ; I Covenan- ter's, 1 Seceder's, 1 German Reform- ed, 1 Unitarian, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and 1 African, beside 2 Protestant churches lately erected, making in all, 16 places of public wor- ship. The cathedral, according to the proposed design, when completely fin- ished, will be an ornament not only to the city, but to the U. S.
The " Western Theological Semi- nary," established by Presbyterians, is located at Allegheny town. The edifice for the institution is beautifully situated on an insulated knoll, about 100 ft. above the level of the river. The main building is 4 stories high, and the wings 3. It is in length 100 ft., and contains 100 rooms, destined cach for a single student. There are also commodious rooms for a library, which, by donations from Scotland and from individuals in this country, is already respectable. There were about 30 students here in 1832.
Bible, missionary, and tract socie- ties are duly established, and the insti- tution of a temperance society has had. very beneficial effects.
A mineral spring has lately been discovered on the farm of Jolin S. Scully, Esq., in St. Clair t-ship, 4 miles S. W. of the city, to which the name of the Pittsburg mineral spring
has been given. It issues from the fissure of a rock, on the side of a small hill, and discharges about a gal- lon of water per minute, which is con- veyed through a tunnel into a reser- voir, from which it is pumped to sup- ply the bath house. The water in the spring, when undisturbed for a few hours, is covered with a thin white pellicle, which after some time, assumes an iridescent appearance. It then falls to the bottom and is renewed if the water is not disturbed, as may be more particularly observed every morning.
When the water is first taken from the spring, its appearance in a glass is perfectly clear, its taste is lively and rather pungent, with a peculiar ferru- ginous flavor, and an odor which has some resemblance to the scourings of a gun barrel, and which is easily re- cognized as arising from an impregna- tion of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. If the water be suffered to remain for some hours in a glass, it loses in some degree, its transparency, as well as its lively and pungent taste ; numerous air bubles are extracted from it, and a light deposit takes place on the in- side of the glass. Vessels which are constantly used, become lined with an ochrey incrustation, which is with difficulty removed, and the bottoms and sides of the well, as well as the substance over which the water flows, have a sediment of the same nature. The temperature of the spring is near- ly the same at all seasons of the year. In August, when the temperature was at 85 in the air, that of the water was only 54. Its specific gravity, when compared with distilled water, is as 1002 to 1000. Dr. Mead reports, after due examination, this water to contain muriate of soda, 2 parts ; muriate of magnesia, ¿; oxide of iron, 1; and sulphate of lime ¿; carbonic acid gas in 1 quart, 18 cubic inches ; and he recommends it for all purposes in which chalybeates are generally given.
A bed of marble, of the species called bird's eye, has been discovered about 6 ms. from the city, and 1} from the canal ; it cuts smoothly, takes a
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fine polish, and is well adapted for or- namental purposes.
The corporate powers of the city are vested in a select council of 9 members, three of whom are elec- ted annually, and serve 3 years; a common council of fifteen mem- bers elected yearly ; a recorder, and 12 aldermen appointed by the governor, and holding their offices during good behavior ; a mayor elected annually by the select and common councils, from among the aldermen, and a may- or's court composed of the mayor, re- corder, and aldermen, or any four of them.
The coal around the city lics in strata of from 6 inches to 10 or more feet in depth, and is found in the hills which overlook the town, at the height of 300 ft. above the bed of the rivers.
Pittston, t-ship, Luzerne co., boun- ded N. by Exeter and Providence, N. E. by Providence, S. E. by Cov- ington, S. W. by Wilkesbarre t-ships, and W. and N. W. by the Susque- hannah, which separates it from Kings- ton and Exeter.
It has 3 p-offices, and contains 1017 inhabitants, and by the returns of 1828, 179 taxables. Its greatest length is 10 miles, greatest width 9 miles ; area, 48,000 acres. Its form is not regular. The village of Pittston is a p-town.
Pittston, a p-t., at the junction of the Lackawannock and Susquehannah rivers, 9 ms. N. E. of Wilkesbarre, in Pittston t-ship, Luzerne co. It contains some 20 dwellings, a store and a tav- ern, and a church. It is distant from W. C. 23 ms., and from Harrisburg 124. There is another p-o. at Pitts- ton ferry, about a mile from the vil- lage.
Plainfield, t-ship, Northampton co., bounded N. by Hamilton, S. by Forks, E. by Lower Mount Bethel, W. by Bushkill t-ships. Greatest length, 9% ms., greatest breadth, 2 ms. It is drained by the east branch of the Bushkill creek. Surface, level, ex- cept the northern part, which is cross- ed by the Blue mtn. ; soil, gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1285 ; taxables in 1828, |
233. The northern turnpike from Easton, passes through the t-ship.
Plank Cabin valley, Union t-ship, Huntingdon co., in the S. part of the t-ship, and on the N. of Broad 'Top mtn.
Plainsville, p-o., Exeter t-ship, Lu- zerne co., 227 ms. N. W. from W. C., and 119 from Harrisburg.
Pleasant Unity, p-t. of Unity t-ship, Westmoreland co., on the S. side of the Big Sewickly creek, 8 miles S. W. of the borough of Greensburg, 189 N. W. from W. C., and 167 S. W. from Harrisburg ; contains 20 houses, 3 stores, and 1 tavern.
Pleasant hill, p-o., in Delaware co., 125 ms. from W. C., and 86 from Harrisburg.
Pleasant valley, p-t. of Springfield t-ship, Bucks co., 17 ms. N. of Doyles- town, 179 from W. C., and 109 from Harrisburg, consisting of a store, tav- ern, a few dwellings, and a German church.
Pleasantville, p-o., Montgomery t.ship, Montgomery co., 172 ms. N. E. of W. C., and 99 E. of Harris- burg.
Plumb, t-ship, Venango co., boun- ded N. and N. W. by Crawford co., E. by Cherry Tree t-ship, S. and S. E. by Oil Creek t-ship, and S. W. by Sugar Creek t-ship. Centrally dis- tant N. of Franklin borough 10 ms. Greatest length 9 ms., breadth 8 ms. ; area, 32,000 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, rich loam. Pop. in 1830, 430 ; taxa- bles, 71. French creek flows south- ward through the t-ship, receiving several tributaries from it, upon one of which, is the small hamlet called Coo- perstown, containing some 4 or 5 dwellings, store, and tavern.
Plumb run, Adamns co., a tributary of Rock creek, on the line between Strabane and Mount Pleasant t-ships. There is another stream in the same county, called Plumb creek, which ris- es and has its course in Conewago t-ship, and is a tributary of the Cone- wago creek.
Plumb Creek, t-ship, Armstrong co., bounded N. by Wayne t-ship, E. by
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Indiana co., S. by Crooked creek which separates it from Allegheny t- ship, and W. by Kittanning t-ship. Cen- trally distant S. W. from the borough of Kittanning 11 ms. ; greatest length, 11 ; breadth, 72 miles ; area, 40,960 acres ; surface hilly, rolling ; soil, loam, composed of limestone, sand, clay, &c. Pop. in 1830, 1456; tax- ables, 262. Plumb creek, which gives name to the t-ship, rises in Indiana co., and flows S. W. about 15 miles to Crooked creek. The turnpike road from Indiana to Kittanning runs N. W. through the t-ship, and on it, within two miles of the E. boundary, lies the post town of Middletown.
Plumstead, t-ship, Bucks co., bound- ed N. by Tinicum, E. by the Dela- ware, S. E. by Solebury, S. by Buck- ingham, S. W. by Doylestown and New Britain, and N. W. by Bedmin- ster t-ships. Central distance from Philadelphia N. 30 ms. ; from Doyles- town 6 miles; greatest length, 64 ; breadth, 4 miles ; area, 16,738 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Pop. in 1830, 1849 ; taxables, 402. It is watered by Tohickon creek, Slut's run, the north branch of the Nesham- iny creek, and Pine run. The villa- ges of Danville and Dyerstown lie in the southern angle, and within two miles of the former, is a church. A post office is established near the cen- tre of the N. W. boundary line.
Plumb, t-ship, Allegheny co., bound- ed N. by the Allegheny river, E. and S. E. by Westmoreland co., S. by Versailles t-ship, and W. by Wilkins t-ship. Centrally distant E. from Pitts- burg 14 miles ; greatest length, 11 ; breadth, 7 miles ; area, 30,720 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1724 ; taxables, 356. Pokono creek is on the N. E., Plumb creek on the N. W., Turtle creek on the S. E. and S., and Thompson's run on the S. W. The turnpike road to Pitts- burg runs W. through the t-ship.
Plumb creek. (See preceding arti- cle.)
Plymouth, t-ship, Luzerne county, bounded N. E. by Kingston and Dal-
las t-ships, S. E. by the Susquehannah which separates it from Wilkesbarre, Hanover and Newport, S. W. by Un- ion, and N. W. by Lehman and Dal- las. That part of Plymouth which lies in the valley of Wyoming, consists mainly of the richest alluvial soil. A great part of its surface is mountain- ous ; but its mountains are generally of gentle acclivity, and will admit of cultivation. The Plymouth coal mines have been worked to a greater extent, and with more judgement and skill than any other in the valley. It has two post offices, and contains 1798 in- habitants, and by the return of 1828, 197 taxables. The Shawnese range of mountains pass through it from east to west, having an altitude in some parts of 860 feet above the river. The township is drained by Harvey's and Toby's creeks. Nanticoke falls in the Susquehannah, are near the wes- tern boundary. Kingston is partly in the township, and Shawney and Plymouth are villages on the banks of the river, about its centre. It is ir- regularly shaped, its greatest length being nine miles, and greatest breadth five miles.
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