USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 85
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all sides, and was constructed of earth ; the plain on which it stands not abound- ing in stone. On the outside of the rampart is an unwalled trench, made apparently by the removal of the earth of which the former is composed .- The creek is bounded by a high and steep bank on the side of the fortress, and at ordinary times has sufficient depth to admit the ascent of canoes to this point, from the river. When the Europeans first came to Wyoming, this plain was covered with a primi- tive forest, consisting principally of oak and yellow pine; and the trees on the rampart and in the trench, were as large as those in any other part of the valley ; one great oak particular- ly, upon being cut down, was ascer- tained to have flourished seven hun- dred years. The Indians had no tra- dition concerning these fortifications, nor any knowledge of the purposes for which they were erected. They were perhaps constructed about the same time with those on the waters of the Ohio, and probably by a similar peo- ple and for similar purposes.
An additional evidence of the resi- dence here of a race more intelligent and skillful, than the Lenape, is found in a vase of earthenware, discovered in Braintree t-ship, in 1807, by the washing away of a part of the bank of the river, by an extraordinary fresh- et. The pot was found entwined by the roots of a tree which had grown around it, six feet below the surface of the earth. The tree which grew over it was more than 2 feet in diameter, and it must therefore have lain here for ages. The vase, which was in the possession of the editor of the Wyo- ming paper in 1828, holds about two quarts, is thus described by him .- " The bottom is round ; it swells gra- dually to the middle and then decreas- es in size to the top ; the lower half is like the bottom of a gourd, and the upper part like the top of an urn. It is very thin and light, perfectly smooth inside, but on the outside beautifully and regularly figured." Such relics
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should be carefully preserved and more || about 5 ms. below the town of To. minutely described by their fortunate possessors ; as they may enable us to trace some affinity between yet exist- ing races, and that which was driven Wysox creek, (see the preceding article.) out or extirpated by the Lenape.
According to the traditions of the Delawares, their ancestors, the Lenni Lenape, soon after their inroad from beyond the Mississippi, occupied this valley. It subsequently became the seat of the Shawnese and the Nanti- cokes, and the Delawares again in- habited it, being exiled thither by their imperious conquerors, the Six Nations. The Shawnese abandoned it in 1773, in consequence of their de- feat in battle with the Delawares and the Nanticokes in 1755. The Dela- warcs, who clung with great tenacity to this favorite possession, refused to part with it until 1668, when by trea- ty at Fort Stanwix, they released to the proprietaries of Pennsylvania, all their territory within the chartered bounds of the colony. Our space does not permit us to trace here the history of the wars between the Indi- ans and the whites, nor the long, pro- tracted contest between the Pennsyl- vanian and Connecticut settlers, con- nected with this valley. But we re- fer to our introduction for a concise notice of them. These contentions have long been quieted, and the New England emigrants and the Pennsyl- vania grantees, and their descendants, are alike obedient, industrious and valuable citizens, and Wyoming en- joys the repose and prosperity, justly due to its unrivalled beauty and am- ple resources.
Wysox, post t-ship, Bradford co., bounded N. by Athens t-ship, E. by Orwell and Wyalusing t-ships, S. W. by the Susquehannah r., and W. by Sheshequin t-ship. Greatest length 12, breadth 12 ms .; area, 30,000 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. 1830, 1351; taxables, 205. The t-ship is drained chiefly by Rumfield and Wysox creeks. The latter rises in Windham t-ship and flows S. W. into the Susquehannah r.,
wanda. The p-o. of the t-ship is 241 ms. N. W. of W. C., and 130 from Harrisburg.
Yager's mountain, Sugar Loaf t. ship, Luzerne co., a spur of the Nes- copcek mtn. lying in the forks of the Nescopeck and Oley creeks.
Yardleyville, p-t., on the right bank of Delaware r., Makefield t-ship, Bucks co., pleasantly situated, chiefly on the upper bank of the river, 18 ms. S. E. from Doylestown, 4 ms. above Trenton and Morrisville, 165 from W. C., and 112 from Harrisburg; contains about 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 taverns, one of which is a " temper- ance house," a grist mill and saw mill. 'There is a ferry here across the Del.
Yellow creek, Bedford co., rises in Woodberry t-ship, with many branch- es, and flows S. E. and E. into the Raystown branch of the Juniata r.
Yellow spring, a mineral spring in Canoe valley, Morris t-ship, Hunting- don co., near the turnpike road lead- ing to Huntingdon. There is a p-o. here, distant 163 ms. N. W. from W. C., and 105 W. from Harrisburg.
Yellow springs, Pikeland township, Chester co., p-o., and a noted and beautiful watering place, having the advantage of mineral springs, and baths, a fine picturesque and healthy country, 2 excellent public houses, with the accommodations and enjoy- ments usual at such places. It is on the Morgantown turnpike road, 9 ms. N. of W. Chester, 25 N. W. from Phil., 16 ms. W. from Norristown, 128 from W. C. and 74 from Harris- burg.
York county, was erected by act of assembly, 9th Aug., 1749, and lies along the southern border of the state, and is bounded on the S. by the Md. line, extending due E. and W. 43 Ims., on the E. by Lancaster and Dauphin counties, along the western shore of the Susquehannah river, in length 51 ms., on the N. by Cumber. land co., in length 18 ms., and on the
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W. by Adams co., in length about 28| road running N. 10 ins., connects the ms. ; covering an area of 900 square ms. or 576,000 acres.
The county is divided between the three geological formations. The primitive occupies nearly the eastern half of the county ; the secondary, the central portion, and contains a strip of limestone about 5 ms. in breadth, in which is marble of an excellent quality. The transition, or old red sand stone formation, claims the re- mainder. The chain of hills known as the Conewago hills, cross the S. E. angle, and the South mtn. bounds the co. on the N. W. In Windsor t-ship, on the Susquehannah, there is abundance of iron ore, well adapted for casting, and, though formerly not prized for forging, has latterly been used suc- cessfully for that purpose. Slate of excellent quality for roofing is found in Peach Bottom t-ship, and bitumin- ous coal has been discovered within 2 ms. of the borough of York, but from late examinations, the quantity is sup- posed to be inconsiderable.
The co. is finely watered, the noble Susquehannah flowing along its great- est length ; the several branches and smaller streams discharging them- selves into the Great Codorus, the Conewago and the Yellow Breeches, which, together with Muddy creek, Fishing creek, Beaver creek, Creutz creek, Cabbin branch, Canadochly and Otter creeks, with others, flow eastwardly into the r. The Codorus is a very fine stream, running through the town of York, and has lately been rendered navigable by artificial means, through the enterprize and liberality of the citizens of that borough. The Yellow Breeches flows along the N. W. boundary of the co. A canal of about 1 mile in length has been cut around the Conewago falls, by which the descending trade of the r. may avoid the dangers of that rapid.
The southern turnpike road from Pittsburg, enters the co. at Wrights- ville, opposite Columbia, and passes through it in a S. W. direction by the borough of York. A turnpike
borough with York Haven on the Susquehannah r., and enables it to participate fully in the trade of the r. From the borough, another turnpike road runs southward about 20 ms. in- to Md., and thence to Baltimore. A fourth turnpike crosses the S. W. an- gle of the co., from Hanover into Md., uniting with the turnpike road from Carlisle, and another from the town of Berlin, in Adams co. From Ber- lin, the road is continued northward to Dillstown, in Carroll t-ship, York co. From York Haven, a turnpike road follows the bank of the r. to the W. end of the bridge at Harrisburg.
The co. is divided into 25 t-ships, and contains a number of flourishing towns and villages, among which are YORK, Frystown, Butztown, Ilanover, Shrewsbury, Wrightsville, Liverpool, New Holland, Strinestown, York Ha- ven, Newburg, New Market, Lewis- burg, Dillstown, Dover, Mechanics- burg, Jefferson, Franklin, Rosstown and Weiglestown, and others of less note.
It is now about a century since the first settlements were made in this co., by Germans and emigrants from the North of Ireland. In the year 1722, Sir William Keith, by a warrant da- ted at Conestogo, 18th June, directed the location and survey of a manor of about 70,000 acres of land, in the name and for the use of Springet Penn, to be called " Springetsbury Manor;" but the boundaries were af- terward changed and fixed by anoth- er survey. Prior to 1728, unauthor- ized settlers seated themselves on lands in this county, but were removed at the close of that year, by proprieta- ry authority, at the request of the In- dians. In May, 1729, James and John Hendricks and others, with the approbation of the government, estab- lished themselves on and near tlie Codorus creek, not far distant from the present borough of York. In the year 1731, Thomas Cressap and his coadjutors, established themselves up- on the lands from which the above
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mentioned intruders had been remov- ed, and under pretence of title from Md., occasioned long and angry con- tentions, attended frequently with bloodshed, which were terminated only by the capture of Cressap, on the 24th Sept., 1736, and the interference of the king and council for determining the vexed question of the boundary. At this period there were probably between 3 and 400 inhabitants within the present limits of the co. Wash- ington, Warrenton, and Newbury t- ships were chiefly settled by Quakers.
The pop. of York co. in 1790, was 37,747; and in 1800, after the sub- traction of Adams co. from it, 25,643; in 1810, 31,938 ; in 1820, 38,759, and in 1830, 42,658; of whom, 20,704 were white males ; 20,950 white fe- males ; 482 free black males; 497 free black females; 6 male and 19 female slaves. There were included in this number 350 aliens ; 25 blind, and 23 deaf and dumb.
The chief religious sects of the co. are Lutherans, German Reformed, Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopa- lians, Quakers, Catholics, and Mora- vians, who have altogether in the co. about 30 churches. There is a coun- ty Bible society, and Sunday school associations are formed pretty gene- rally throughout the county. - At York, the Dorcas society, composed of charitable females, has alleviated much distress among the poor, by providing them with necessary clothing during the winter, made up by the members at their weekly meetings.
The business of the co. is chiefly in agriculture, or in manufactures im- mediately connected with it, and there is perhaps no county in the state that may boast of greater success in the cultivation of the earth. The skill of the farmers has been much improved by the instructions, and their emula- tion excited by the example of Mr. Charles A. Barnitz of York. He has introduced and rendered common the finest breeds of neat cattle, sheep and swine, and has originated several new subjects of culture. Among the latter,
the grape and the sunflower ; both of these will yearly obtain greater con- sideration. The cultivation of the vine has been carried on in the co. with great and growing success, and the vignerons improve in the prepara- tion of its juice. As the culture of the sun flower, helianthus annuus, is a novel matter among us, we shall prob- ably render our farmers a service by a few remarks on the mode of cultiva- tion, and on the uses to which this plant is applicable.
" The sun flower," says Mr. Bar- nitz, "is cultivated like Indian corn, planted in rows three ft. apart, and the stocks 18 inches. Any land which produces corn, will yield from 50 to 60 bushels the acre, and it is worth 75 cts. the bushel. The single head. ed kind is preferable, and as soon as ripe, which is known by its shattering -the heads are taken off, carted to the barn floor, & immediately thresh- ed out with the flail ; it should be cleaned with the fan, and then spread out, and occasionally turned or stirred to become dry ; if left in a large heap it may mould. By an improved mode of extracting the oil, a bushel of seed yields a gal. of oil, 3 qts. cold pressed, and one qt. by heating. The cake when ground, is very nutritive as cat- tle feed, and will pay the expense of the miller. A bushel of seed will plant about 10 acres. I can furnish any gentleman disposed to cultivate it, with the best seed. 1 expect to raise about 500 bushels this season, (1830) and have engaged others in raising probably as much more."
The produce obtained by Mr. Bar- nitz is large, but has been equalled by others; yet 30 bushels the acre would be a safe calculation for the farmer.
The oil is applicable to the uses of the clothier, and is preferable to the rancid olive oil, commonly used for preparing the wool for the card and loom; it is highly esteemed in the manufacture of printers ink, for burn- ing in lamps where purity and bril- liancy, as in parlors, are required. It is a good salad oil, taken medicinal-
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ly, as effective as the castor oil, with- out the nausea of the latter; it is a palatable and nutricious food for all kinds of cattle, but should be ground before given to them; and the cake left after the expression of the oil, is more desirable than that of flax seed. The strong fibrous, and some other parts of the plant, may be made into pack thread, instead of hemp, and the white shining silvery fibrous substance, which it contains in large proportions, into paper ; and the large roots, naked stems, and other waste parts may be used as fuel.
The following is an imperfect sketch of the annual exports of York co., viz. :
125,000 barrels of flour, valued at $625,000 2,704,000 galls. of whiskey, 611,200
500,000 bushels of grain, wheat,
rye, corn, oats, &c., 375,000
1000 bushels clover seed at 5, 5,000
100,000 barrels pork, 50,000
700 tons iron castings, 38,500
$1,704,700
There are 2 furnaces and 4 forges in the co. Margaretta furnace, 11 ms. E. from the town of York, and 3 ms. W. of the Susquehannah r., in the valley of Canodockly in Windsor t-ship, on the Cabbin Branch, has the ore bank immediately at the works, and the coaling convenient, and is ca- pable of making 2000 tons of pigs and other castings annually. It is the property of Henry Y. Slaymaker & Co. There is a forge here also, be- longing to the same firm. A steam furnace, belonging to Mr. Israel Gard- ner, is situated in the t. of York, where all kinds of castings are made.
Codorus forge on the Codorus cr., near the Susquehannah r., pertaining to the heirs of Henry B. Grubb, makes about 400 tons of bar iron an- nually. Spring forge, also on the Codorus creek, makes about 350 tons annually ; it belongs to Thomas B. Coleman. The same proprietor owns Castle Finn forge, 28 ms. S. E. of York borough, in Lower Chauceford t-ship, on Muddy creek, 3 ms. from the r., which makes about 400 tons
liannually. There are three tilt mills in the co., several steam mills, and a small woollen and cotton manufac- tory.
'The best lands in the co., with com- fortable improvements, are worth from 70 to 100 dols. the acre, according to quantity, quality and situation. Very inferior lands may be bought at 5, and the average value may be $20 thro'- out the co. The assessed value in 1829, of lands, was $7,051,458; per- sonal property, $351,117; occupa- tions, $740,768.
York co. alone forms the 10th con- gressional district, sending 1 member to congress; connected with Adams, it constitutes the 14th senatorial dis- trict, sending 2 members to the senate ; alone, it sends 3 members to the house of representatives. York and Lan- caster counties, compose the 2nd judi- cial district of the state, over which Walter Franklin, Esq., presides. The courts are holden in York on the 1st Mondays in January, April, August and November, and the co. belongs to the Lancaster district of the Su- preme court, which holds a session in Lancaster on the 3d Monday in May, annually.
STATISTICAL TABLE OF YORK COUNTY.
Greatest
Townships, &c.
Lth
Bth.
Population 1820. 1830.
Taxa- bles.
Cadorus,
13
6 1-2
2183
2331
505
Conewago,
7 1-2
6
945
1094
221
Dover,
8 1-2
7
1816
1874
400
E. Manchester,
8 1-2
5
1914
9912
505
Fairview,
9
7
1764
1885
369
Fawn,
6
6
803
785
174
Franklin,
5
4
973
1003
224
Hallam,
5 1-2
2062
1876
348
Hanover borough,
5
946
1006
185
Heidleburg,
6 1-2
6
1313
1523
986
Hopewell,
10
8 1-2
1630
1941
370
L. Chauceford,
9 1-2
8
965
1051
216
Manheim,
10 1-2
6 3-4
1306
1278
302
Monaghan,
7 1-2
4
1158
1219
148
Newberry,
10 1-2
7
1794
1833
385
Paradise,
8
8
1837
1805
406
Peaclı Bottom,
9
5
998
898
204
U. Chauceford,
9
9
1248
1177
270
Washington,
9
3 1-2
1061
1037
247
Warrington,
8 3-4
7 1-4
1274
1230
263
W. Manchester,
7
6 1-4
1973
1369
955
Windsor,
9
9
2096
7260
481
York,
10
2007
1181
239
York Borough,
3545
4316
843
Spring Garden,
8 1-2.
1603
276
Caroll t-ship, lately erected.
02,658|
42,658
8.596
q 1983
2571
394
Shrewsbury,
111 3-4
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This county paid into the state trea- sury for dividends on t-pike stock, $1325 00
Tax on writs, 139 20
Tavern licenses, (1830), 1573 10
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize, 668 94
Tax on co'lateral inheritan-
ces, 18 01
$3,724 16
York sulphur springs, Latimore t-ship, Adans co., on the Bermudian creek near its intersection of the Car- lisle and Hanover turnpike road, dis- tant from Carlisle S. 15 miles ; fron York W. 20 m. le; ; from Harrisburg S. W. 22 miles, and from Gettysburg N. E. 12 miles. A visiter writes of these springs : " they undoubtedly possess sanative qualities, and are sit- uate l on a spot so elevated, that eve- ry breeze must have ' healing on its wings.' The buildings are extensive and comfortable, and the creature comforts provided by the obliging Mr. McCash are unexceptionable, unless cause of exception there be in provo- cation to excess, which a well suppli- ed table and good cheer presents. This is a favorite resort of the fash- ionable Baltimoreans. Board 8 dol- lars per week."
York Haven, post and thriving town of Newberry t-ship, York co., on the Susquehannah river, west side, below Conewago falls, opposite to Portsmouth. A turnpike road leads from this town to the borough of York, 10 miles dis- tant. It is 97 miles from W. C. and 14 from Harrisburg. Much of the descending trade of Susquehannah r. is arrested here, the market being sus- gained by the Baltimoreans.
York, t-ship, York county, bounded N. W. by Spring Garden t-ship, N. E. and E. by Windsor, S. by Hope- well and Newberry t-ships, and W. by Codorus t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. from the borough of York 5 ms. Greatest length 10, breadth 6 miles; area, 17,280 acres ; surface undulat- ing ; soil, gravel and not very rich. Pop. in 1830, 1181 ; taxables 239 ;
taxable property in 1829, real estate $149,481 ; personal 9,838 ; occupa- tion 13,723 ; total 173,042.
York, post town, borough and seat of justice of York co. lies on the Co- dorus creck, partly in Spring Garden and partly in West Manchestert-ships, about 83 miles west from Philadelphia, 21 from Lancaster, and 11 from Co- lumbia, and about 25 S. of Harrisburg. Lat. 39° 57' N. long. W. C. 0° 17' W. Itis built on a plain, with streets at right angles with each other, and contains about 700 dwellings and many stores and taverns. The public build- ings consist of a court house and coun- ty offices, of brick. The court house was occupied by congress when driv- en from Philadelphia during the revo- lutionary war. It is now too small for the business of the county. An acad- emy, also of brick, to which the state has given $2,000-a county prison of stonc-a poor house a short distance from the town. There are 9 church- es in the town, viz-Lutheran, Ger- man Reformed, Moravian, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Meth- odist, Quaker and African Methodist, all substantial brick buildings except the last, which is of frame. A Bible society, Sunday school union, and a female charitable association called " Dorcas." In the cemetery of the German Reformed church is the grave and a monument erected to the me- mory of Philip Livingston, a member of congress, who died during the ses- sion of that body in York, in 1777. The monument consists of a pyramidal shaft of white marble, surmounted with an urn. A slackwater naviga- tion has lately been made along the Codorus creek, from the borough to the Susquehannah, a distance of 11 miles, of which 8 consists of artificial pools and 3 of canal, with 9 locks, said to be executed in a very superior manner. This is a rich and thriving town, as is apparent by its increase of population. It contained in 1820, 3,545 inhabitants ; and in 1830, 4,216 and 843 taxables. The value of real estate by the triennial assessment of
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1829, was $550,623 ; of personal estate subject to taxation, $10,155 ; of occupations, $118,305 ; total, $679,083.
In the vicinity the grape has been very successfully and extensively cul- tivated, and considerable quantities of wine of good quality are produced here. The town is supplied by a com- pany incorporated in 1806, with whole- some spring water.
Youghiogheny river, rises in the cx- treme S. W. angle of Maryland and flows a N. E. course of thirty miles comparative lengthi to the Penn- sylvania line. It enters the state aross the S. boundary on the line di- viding Fayette and Somerset counties, and receives from the latter some 3 ms. below the Horse Shoe bend, Cas- tleman's river, its northern branch ; thenee turning N. W. it breaks thro' the Laurel hill N. of the Sugar Loaf mountain, and the Chesnut ridge, 5 miles S. E. of Connellsville, and pre- serves the same course to its union with the Monongahela at Mckeesport, 18 miles above Pittsburg. Its com- parative length in the state is about 70 miles through the counties of Fay. ette and Westmoreland. This river heads with the Cheat branch of the Monongahela r., with the N. branch of the Potomac, and by Castleman's river with the Juniata and Kiskimini- tas. It is navigable to Ohiopile falls, in Fayette county, 60 miles above its junction with the Monongahela. This is a fine mountain stream, possessing in all seasons except those of long drought, sufficient water for the sup- ply of the most spacious canal, and is the contemplated chain for connect- ing the waters of the Potomac with the Ohio.
Youngstown, post town and boro' of Unity t-ship, Westmoreland co., on the turnpike road from Bedford to Greensburg, S. of the Loyalhanna river, and 9 miles E. of the latter town, 182 from W. C. and 160 from Harris- burg ; contains about 40 dwellings, 4 stores, 2 taverns and 1 German church. It was incorporated by act of assembly 2d April, 1831.
Youngsville, post town, Warren co. is situated on each side of the Big Bro- ken Straw creek,3 miles from its mouth, 10 miles W. of Warren borough, 313 N. W. from W. C., and 357 from Harrisburg. It contains about twenty dwelling houses, 3 stores, 2 taverns, and the necessary mechanics in a coun- try village, and a commodious Meth- odist meeting house. Some of the largest and best cultivated farms in the county, lie in the neighborhood of this village.
Young, t-ship, Indiana co., bounded N. by Armstrong, E. by Blacklick, S. by Conemaugh t-ships, and W. by Armstrong co. Centrally distant S. W. from Indiana 12 miles. Greatest length 8, breadth 5 ms. ; area, 18,560 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, rich loam. It is drained by Black Legs creek, which flows S. W. to the Conemaugh river. The t-ship was taken from Conemaugli since 1830.
Youngwoman'stown, post office of Chapman t-ship, Lycoming co., 245 miles from W. C., and 138 from Har- risburg.
Young, t-ship, Jefferson co., bound- ed N. by Pine Creek township, E. by Clearfield co., S. by Indiana co., and W. by Perry township. Length and breadth 9 miles ; arca, 51,840 acres ; surface rolling ; soil, gravelly loam, timber, oak, &c. Pop. in 1830, about 400. It is drained principally by the Mahoning, and by Canoe creek, its tributary. Punxatawny, situated in a fork of the former, is the post town ; it is a village of 15 houses, tavern and store.
Zachariah run, a small tributary of the Schuylkill river,in Schuylkill town- ship. Schuylkill co., which falls into the river about 2 miles above Port Carbon.
Zelienople, a small village adjacent to the town of Harmony, in Coneque- nessing t-ship, Butler co., on the south side of the Conequenessing creck, 15 ms. S. W. by W. from Butler boro', contains from 35 to 40 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 taverns, and some mills.
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