USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 78
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greater, is generally composed of sco- ria mixed with ashes. It yields, by distillation, ammonia, carburetted hydrogen and empyreumatic oil. This coal is essentially constituted of car- bon and bitumen, the proportions of which are variable; carbon is the predominating ingredient, and fre- quently constitutes nearly three fourths of the whole. Small portions of earth and oxide of iron are discov- ered by chemical analysis. The co. of Tioga appears to be very rich in a mineralogical point of view, but has never been properly explored. Bis- muth has lately been found in the vi- cinity of the coal beds, but the exact location of it has been concealed, for interested motives, by the discoverer. From the specimens examined and all the circumstances of the case, there can be no doubt that the discovery has actually been made ; and when the situation is rendered public, it will become very valuable as an article of commerce. It is the native metal, and only requires refining ; which opera- tion is simple and easy, consisting in dissolving it in nitric acid, decompo- sing the nitrate by water, edulcora- ting the oxide, and reducing it to a metallic state by heating in a covered crucible with black flux. It is said to occur in an extensive bed, at least 2 feet thick. Bismuth, in its metallic state, is employed in the composition of pewter, soft solder, printers' types, &c., and is added to lead to increase its hardness. Its oxide renders glass more fusible, and if added in large quantities gives it a yellowish tinge. The subnitrate is used in medicines as an anti-spasmodic, &c.
Nearly all the bismuth of com- merce is imported from Saxony, and it has rarely if ever been found before in the United States. Other minerals are found near Pine creek, near the coal bed (and an ore of lead,) which were represented as occurring in vast abundance. Ores of gold and silver have also been discovered there, but not in sufficient quantities to render them a valuable consideration.
The Tioga river is the main stream of the county, rising in Sullivan t-ship upon the eastern line of the co., and making a semicircular course of about 15 ms., it runs N. through the county about 27 ms. to the state of N. Y. It receives from the east several small streams, of which Mill creek is the principal ; from the S. W. Crooked creek, and from the W. near and par- allel with the state line, Cowanesque creek, both of which are important streams. The Tioga is navigable for 30 ms. above the state line. The S. W. part of the co. is drained by Pine creek, which enters the co. by a west- erly course, and preserves it to the centre of Delmar t-ship, where at the Big meadow, it turns southward, and flows through this and Lycoming co. into the W. branch of the Susquehan- nah. Pine creek is navigable through- out all its course in this county, and has a volume not inferior to that of the Tioga r., with whose waters some of its tributaries interlock. The ex- treme S. E. boundary is formed by the Lycoming creek. A canal is pro- jected along the valley of the Tioga r., from the coal mines to the Che- mung canal ; its practicability is said to have been ascertained, and a sur- vey of the route completed, and a company, called the Tioga navigation company, has been incorporated. The quantity and quality of the bituminous coal near Blossburg or Canal port, would seem fully to warrant this enter- prize. The Cowanesque is navigable for 30 ms. from its mouth.
The principal timber is beech, ma- ple, oak, elm, hemlock, hickory and bass or linn. The uplands in the vi- cinity of the larger streams, are well covered with white pines of a superior quality. Sugar maple abounds in many places, and large quantities of sugar are made from this valuable tree.
The settlement of this county was commenced in 1797-8, chiefly by em- igrants from Connecticut, claiming under the unfortunate title, which has caused so much trouble and litigation
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to Northern Pennsylvania ; but which, being compromised and fully settled, the titles here are unexceptionable. In 1810 the pop. was 1687; in 1820, 4021, and by the census of 1830, 9062, of whom 4770 were white males, 4245 white females ; 22 free black males, 25 free black females : of whom there were 21 aliens, one blind, and one deaf and dumb. The pop., therefore, has been more than doubled in each decennial period.
The chief business of the county is in lumber, though some iron works have been erected upon the 'Tioga r., at Blossburg, within the last 3 years. From Pine creek, the principal scene of the lumber trade, more than 5,000,- 000 of feet of sawed lumber were sent to market in the spring of 1832. A very small portion of the lumber of this region has yet found its way to the Philadelphia market ; the entrance to the Union canal at Middletown being so blocked up in the busy scason, that the raft men have preferred their old market. This will, probably, not be the case, when the canal shall have been completed on the branches of the Susquehannah, and a facility of get- ting to market without the aid of fresh- ets, shall prevent the vast accumula- tions of lumber which have hitherto occurred at the opening of the spring trade. Still the greatest quantity of lumber will probably descend in rafts, unless the dams on the river compel the descending trade to abandon it.
Wellsborough, situated in the terri- torial centre of the county, is the seat of justice. It lies on the E. and W. state road, leading through all the northern counties, and the N. and south state road from Newbury to the 109 mile stone. Besides which Covington 4 corners, Blossburg, Law- renceville, Knoxville, &c. are villages of the county.
At Wellsborough an academy was incorporated by act of assembly of 1817, which gave it a donation of $2000. In this institution the usual branches of an academical education are taught successfully ; besides which
there is a primary school in the town, and like schools in such thickly settled neighborhoods as can maintain them.
Tioga co. belongs to the 9th con- gressional district, composed of Union, Northumberland, Columbia, Lycom- ing, Luzerne, Susquehannah, T'ioga, Bradford, Potter and Mckean, send- ing 3 members to congress : and to the 11th senatorial district, formed of Bradford, Susquehannah and Tioga, and united with Bradford, it sends 2 members to the house of representa- tives. These counties also form the 11th judicial district, to which the counties of Potter and Mckean are al. so attached.
Tioga county paid into the state treasury in 1831, for
Tax on writs, $170
Tavern licenses, 108 68
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandize, 46 75
State maps, 4 75
$330 18
Tioga Point, Athens t-ship, Brad- ford co., a peninsula formed by the Susquehannah and Tioga rivers. (See Athens.)
Tioga, or Chemung river, rises in Tioga co., near its eastern boundary, and running about 15 miles in a semi- circular course it assumes a northern direction, which it preserves for about 27 miles into Steuben co., state of N. York, where it receives the Canisteo and Conhocton rivers ; thence deflect- ing E. and S. E. it passes the town of Painted Post and Newtown, and re-en- ters Pennsylvania in the N. W. angle of Athens t-ship, Bradford co., through which it passes to unite with the Sus- quehannah river, having a total com. parative length of about 80 miles. This river and its principal tributaries are navigable for arks and boats.
Tioga, t-ship, 'Tioga co., bounded N. by Lawrence t-ship, E. by Jackson, S. by Covington, and W. by Elkland t-ships. Centrally distant N. E. from Wellsborough 13 ms. It forms a quad- rangular figure of 63 by 6 milcs ; area 17,940 acres; surface hilly ; soil,
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gravel and clay and alluvion. Pop. in 1830, 408 ; taxables in 1828, 100. The Tioga river runs N. through the t-ship and receives from it on the right, Mill creek, and on the left Crooked creek, at the confluence of which with the river is the post office, called af- ter the t-ship, distant N. W. 254 miles from W. C., and 148 from Harris- burg.
Toboyne, westernmost t-ship of Per- ry co., bounded -N. by Mifflin co., E. by Saville and Tyrone t-ships, S. by Cumberland co., and W. by Franklin co. Centrally distant W. from Bloom. field 20 miles; greatest length 16}, breadth 10} miles ; area, 84,480 acres ; surface mountainous ; soil, limestone, slate and gravel. Popula- tion in 1830, 2310 ; taxables 557. It is drained by Sherman's creek. Of
the many ranges of hills which cover the t-ship, the following have names given to them, Blue mtn., Bower's mtn., Conecocheague hill, and the Tus- carora mtn., which lie in the above order proceeding from the south. There is a post office at Morelands, and a small hamlet centrally situated at Limestone spring.
Toly's creek, a small tributary of the Susquehannah river, which rises in Dallas t-ship, Luzerne co., and flows a S. E. course through Plymouth and Kingston t-ships, and passing about, insulates the town of Wyoming, and thence by a S. W. course enters the r.
Toby's creek, an important tributa- ry of the Allegheny river. (See Cla- rion river.)
Toby's creek, Little, rises in Toby's Creek t-ship, Venango co., and flows S. W. by a course of about 14 miles, into Clarion river or Great Toby's creek, at the S. W. angle of Paint Creek t-ship.
Toby, t-ship, Armstrong co., bound- ed north by Clarion river, east by Red Bank and Clarion townships, S. and S. W. by the Allegheny river, and N. W. by Perry t-ship. Central- ly distant N. from Kittanning 15 ms .; greatest length 17, breadth 82 miles ; area, 46,080 acres ; surface partly
hilly and partly rolling ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1362; taxables 263. Besides the streams above mentioned, the t-ship has Licking creek, Cherry run, Catfish and Red Bank creeks. Salt is found in the N. part of the town- ship, and copperas near Red Bank creek. The post office is 236 miles N. W. from W. C., and 190 from Harrisburg.
Toby's Creek, t-ship, Venango co., bounded N. by Saratoga t-ship, E. by Jefferson co., S. by Clarion river or Toby's creek, W. by Paint Creek and Farmington t-ships. It is drained by Little Toby's creek on the S. W. and Raccoon creek on the N. W. Cen- trally distant E. from Franklin boro' 30 miles ; greatestlength 10, breadth 5 miles ; area 2340 acres ; surface rolling ; soil, gravel and loam. Pop. very scanty. The t-ship is not organ- ized, but is attached to Pine Creek township.
Tobyhanna creek, Northampton co., rises in Pike co., and running a south westerly course receives the waters of Big and Little Tunkhanna creeks, and falls into the Lehigh about two miles below Stoddartsville. The To- byhanna flows thro' a swampy coun- try for several miles, and is not so much broken, but that it would serve the purposes of raft navigation for some miles, if rafts could descend the Upper Lehigh. The country along its banks is a wilderness, and no mills are yet erected on it, although there are several good seats.
Tobyhanna, t-ship, Northampton co. bounded N. E. by Pike co., and N. W. by Luzerne co., S. E. by Pokono t-ship, S. by Chesnut Hill t-ship, and W. by Towamensing t-ship. lts greatest length E. and W. is 16 ms., greatest breadth N. and S. 13 miles. Its surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and barren. The country is a desert, and contains only 279 inhabitants and 50 taxables. It is watered by the Toby- hanna creek and its tributaries.
Tobyhanna, post office, on the To- byhanna creek, Pike co., and on the road from Easton to the Big Bend of
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the Susquehannah, 230 miles from || centrally situated. Distant from Phil- W. C., and 138 from Harrisburg.
Tohickon creek, Bucks co., rises in Springfield t-ship, and by a very de- vious course of 25 miles, but mainly S. E., falls into the Delaware two ms. above Lumberville. It is a mill stream with several mills upon it.
Tom Jack's creek, Burlington t-ship, Bradford co., rises in Smithfield t-ship, whence it receives several branches and flows south to Sugar creek.
Tom's creek, Lower Chanceford t-ship, York co., a tributary of Muddy creek.
Towamensing, t-ship, Northampton co., bounded N. and W. by Luzerne co., N. E. by Tobyhanna t-ship, E. by Chesnut Hill and Ross t-ships, S. by Lehigh t-ship, S. W. by Penn t-ship, W. by the Lehigh river which divides it from Mauch Chunk and Lausanne t-ships. Greatest length on the east- ern line is 24 miles. Its width is very irregular. Opposite Mauch Chunk, the widest part, it is about 10 miles wide. It is a mass of mountains, and three fourths of it a desert ; containing in its great extent not more than 1171 inhabitants, and 238 taxables, and a single place of public worship, for Lu- therans, near its southwest boundary. The great swamp or "Shades of Death" commences in its northern part and a succession of mountains extends to its southern boundary, terminating with the Blue Ridge. The soil of the t-ship,like that of the other mountain- ous parts of the country is gravel,- and in many places is very well tim- bered. The post office, called after the t-ship, is situated on the road from the Lehigh Water gap to Mauch Chunk at the mouth of Big creek, 194 miles from W. C., and 87 from Har- risburg.
Towamensing, t-ship, Montgomery co., bounded N. E. by Hatfield, S.E. by Gwynedd, S. by Worcester, W. by Lower Salford, and N. W. by Fran- conia. Greatest length 3g ms., great- est breadth 3 miles ; area, 5,400 acres. It is drained by the Skippack and Towamensing creeks. Has a church,
adelphia 20 miles, from Norristown 9 miles. Surface level ; soil, red shale; pop. in 1830, 669 ; taxables in 1828, 163.
Towanda, t-ship, Bradford county, bounded N. by Ulster, E. by the Sus. quehannah river, S. and S. E. by Monroe t-ship, and W. by Burlington t-ship. Greatest length 72, breadth 5 miles ; area, 16,640 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 978 ; taxables 157. It is drain- ed chiefly by Sugar creek, which empties into the Susquehannah about 2 miles N. of the town of Towanda. Bituminous coal is said to abound in the valleys of this t-ship.
Towanda, post town and seat of jus- tice of Bradford co., situated in Tow- anda t-ship, on the W. bank of the Susquehannah river, 128 ms. N. from Harrisburg, and 139 from W. C. The t. was incorporated 5th March, 1828.
Trap, post town and small village of Upper Providence t-ship, Montgomery co., on the Reading turnpike road, 9 miles from Norristown, and 26 from Philadelphia, 152 from W. C., and 80 from Harrisburg. It contains 15 dwellings, 2 stores and 4 taverns, a church common to the Lutheran and German Reformed societies, and a school house.
Traumbarsville,p-t. of Milford t-ship, Bucks co., about 16 ms. N. of Doyles- town, 160 from W. C., and 85 E. of Harrisburg.
Travis creeks, Big and Little, Han- over t-ship, Beaver co., rise in the township and flow S. E. into Raccoon creek.
Trexlertown, p-t. of Macungy t-ship, Lehigh co., situated at the junction of the Northampton and Millerstown roads, distant about 8 ms. from North- ampton, 170 N. from W. C., and 75 E. from Harrisburg ; contains some half a dozen dwellings, store and tav- ern. There is a Lutheran church near it.
Tredypin, t-ship, Chester county, bounded N. by Charleston t-ship, and by Montgomery co., E. by Montgom-
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ery county, S. by Delaware co. and by Easton t-ship, W. by Willistown and East Whiteland t-ships. Cen- trally distant about 17 miles N. W. from Philadelphia, and 10 ms. N. E. from West Chester. Length 4} ms., breadth 41 miles ; area, 8,950 acres ; surface gentle declivity ; soil, lime- stone. Pop. in 1830, 1,582 ; taxa- bles 319. The Valley creek runs through the N. W. angle of thet-ship, and the Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike road crosses the S. W. angle, in which is situated the noted tavern, the sign of General Paoli, at which there is a post office, about 18 ms. W. of Philadelphia. On the road running through the t-ship to Norristown there are two churches, one in the E. the other in the W. part of the t-ship.
Triangle pond, a small lake and tributary of the Little Wapwallopen creek, in Newport t-ship Luzerne co. near the eastern boundary of the t-ship.
Tripoli, New, a village of Linn t-ship, Lehigh co., situate on a branch of Maiden creek, about fifteen miles N. W. from Northampton and 3 ms. S. W. of Segarsville.
Trough creek and valley, Union t-ship, Huntingdon co. The creek is formed by two branches which ap- proach each other from S. and N. and unite about the middle of the t-ship, and forcing their way through Terrace mountain unite with the Rays- town branch of the Juniata river. The creek gives name to a post office, distant 133 miles from W. C. and 81 from Harrisburg.
Trout creek, Lehigh county, rises at the foot of the Blue mountain in Heidelburg township, and running eastwardly falls into the Lehigh river about two miles below the Water gap. It turns several mills but does not ad- mit of navigation.
Trout creek, rising in Pike county, Middle Smithfield t-ship, flows S. W. through the N. E. angle of Tobyhan- na t-ship, Northampton co. and falls into the Lehigh river near the junc- tion of Lehigh, Northampton and Lu- zerne counties.
Trout creek, Lancaster co. rises at the foot of the Conewago hills and flows S. E. into the Cocalico creek, forming the dividing line between Elizabeth and Cocalico t-ships.
Trout Run, post office, Jackson t- ship, Lycoming county, 210 miles N. W. ofW.C. and 101 from Harrisburg.
Troy, New, a post town and village of Kingston township, Luzerne co. situated near the junction of Abra- ham's creek and the Susquehannahr., upon Abraham's plain distinguished as the fatal battle ground, on which the United States troops were defeated and massacred by the Indians and Tories under Brandt and Butler on the 3d July, 1778. The town contains about 40 dwellings, stores, taverns and a mill. Population, about 250. Anthracite coal is found in its immediate vicinity.
Troy, post township, Bradford co. bounded N. by Columbia and Spring- field t-ship, E. by Burlington t-ship, S. by Franklin and Canton t-ships, and W. by Tioga co. Distance 192 miles E. of N. from Harrisburg and 18 miles W. of Towanda. Greatest length 93 miles, breadth 41 miles, area 24,960 acres; surface hilly ; soil grav- elly loam ; pop. in 1830, 874; taxa- bles 173. It is drained by the branch- es of Sugar creek which flow through it eastwardly to the Susquehan- nah.
Troy, t-ship, Crawford co. pop. in 1830, 146.
Trucksville, post office, Luzerne co. 228 miles N. from W. city, and 120 from Harrisburg.
Tucquan creek, Martick t-ship, Lan- caster co. rises in the Martick hills and flows a S. W. course about 5 miles into the Susquehannah above McCall's ferry.
Tullytown, post town, Falls t-ship, Bucks co. on the turnpike road leading from Bristol to Trenton, 4 miles from the former, contains some half dozen dwellings, store and tavern and sever- al mechanic shops.
Tulpehocken, Upper, t-ship, Berks co. bounded N. by the Blue mountain, which separates it from Schuylkill
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county, S. by Heidelberg township, S. and W. by Lebanon co. and E. by the township of Upper Bern. Its greatest length is eleven and greatest breadth 7 miles; area 48,000 acres. Its surface is diversified ; soil, lime- stone and gravel, very productive , pop. in 1830, 1456; taxables 268. It is drained by the Northkill, which separates it from Upper Bern t-ship, on the E. and little Northkill, tributa- ries of the Tulpchocken. The Union canal follows the latter stream along the greater portion of the southern boundary. A church of brick apper- taining to the Presbyterians and Lu- therans, is near the little Northkill, on the road from Rehrersburg to Ham- burg.
Tulpehocken, Lower, Berks co. was separated from Upper Tulpehocken. It is bounded N. by the Little Swatara creek, S. by the Tulpehocken creek, E. by Lebanon co. and W. by Upper Tulpehocken t-ship ; length 8, breadth 6 ms. Besides the streams on its upper and nether boundary, it is watered by the source of Mill creek. Reh- rersburg, Wohleberstown and Stouch- town, are villages of the t-ship. The first on the road to Sunbury, 21 miles from Reading; the second, on the road to Jonestown, and the third on the turnpike road from Harrisburg to Reading, about 15 miles from the lat- ter. The soil is limestone and gravel, generally well cultivated in grain, and productive. There are two churches near Stouchtown, and one called Hos- ters church, near Mill creek, all of which are common to the German Presbyterians and Lutherans.
Tulpehocken creek, rises in Lebanon co. Lebanon t-ship. and flows E. and S. E. above 30 miles through Lehigh and Berks co. into the Scuylkill, near and above the town of Reading. It is a fine constant stream, and is studded with mills along its , whole course. The Union canal ascends the valley of this stream to near its source, and thence crosses to the valley of the Quitapahilla creek, distant from that of the Tulpehocken, about five miles.
Tumbling creek rises in Schuylkill t-ship, Schuylkill co. south of the Sharp mountain along whose base it flows into the Schuylkill below mount Carbon.
Tunkhanna creek, Tobyhanna t-ship, Northampton co. a tributary of the Tobyhanna creek. It divides itself into two branches the smaller of which is called the little Tunkhanna. Both
have their sources in Pike co.
Tunkhannock, t-ship, Luzerne co. bounded N. by Susquehannah co .; E. by Nicholson and Abington ; S. E. by Falls ; S. W. by the Susquehan- nah river which separates it from Eaton and Windham, and N. W. by Braintrim t-ships. The soil along the Susquehannah and the valley of the Tunkhannock creek is productive, and the highlands, a considerable portion of which may be cultivated, are covered with valuable timber, consisting of white pine, oak, chestnut, &c. A vil- lage, advantageously situated near the mouth of the Tunkhannock, contains a post office, several stores and me- chanics' shops, and, from its local po- sition, promises to be a place of consid- erable importance. The t-ship pro- duces large quantities of lumber, and some of the products of agriculture, for market. It is situated about 28 miles N. of Wilkesbarre, and contains 1039 inhabitants by the census of 1830, and 183 taxables by the return of 1828. The Meshoppen creek, and the Tunk- hannock creek and its tributaries flow through the township into the Susque- hannah river. Tunkhannock moun- tain crosses it diagonally, sending forth spurs upon every side. Triangle hill, one of the spurs of this township, near the southern boundary, has an eleva- tion of 640 ft. above the river. The Wilkesbarre and Montrose turnpike road runs northerly through the t-ship. The form of the t-ship is irregular ; its greatest length E. and W. is about 11 miles, greatest breadth N. and S. about 9 miles. Area, 51,200 acres.
Tunkhannock creek, a long and large stream, rises in Jackson t-ship. Susquehannah co. at the foot of mount Ararat, and flows S. W. through Lu-
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zerne co. into the Susquehannah river, upon the N. side of Tunkhannock mountain, receiving many considera- ble tributaries from either hand in its course, among which the South branch is the most important.
Tunkhannock valley, Luzerne and Susquehannah cos.extending along the Tunkhannock creek, is very crooked and irregular, about a mile wide, les- sening in some places to a half mile, and is about 35 ms. long. It is mostly cultivated, and generally thickly set- tled.
Tunkhannock post town and village, of Tunkhannock t-ship. Luzerne co. situated on the N. side of the Tunkhan- nock creek at its confluence with the Susquehannah river.
Turbett, t-ship, formerly of Mifflin co. now of Juniata, bounded N. by Milford t-ship, N. E. by the Juniata r. E. by Greenwood t-ship, S. by the Tuscarora mtn. Centrally distant from Lewistown S. E. 11 miles ; greatest length 19, breadth 3 miles; area, 29, 560 acres ; surface, hills and valleys ; soil, limestone, slate and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1134 ; taxables 242. The Tuscarora creek bounds the t-ship on the N. running through the Tuscarora valley into the Juniata r. The 'Tus- carora valley p-o. is on the creek, in the S. W. part of the t-ship.
Tunnelview, p-t. Indiana co. 199 ms. from W. C. and 171 from Harris- burg.
Turbut, t-ship, Northumberland co. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Columbia co. S. by Chilisquaque t-ship, and W. by the west branch of the Susquehannah r. Centrally distant from Sunbury about 14 miles north ; greatest length 11, greatest breadth 9 miles ; area 46,720 acres ; surface level ; soil, alluvial and limestone. Pop. in 1830, 3388 ; taxables, 636. It is drained by Delaware run, Warrior, Muddy and Limestone runs, all of which flow westerly to the Susquehan- nah river. Watsonburg, Snyderstown and Milton are villages of this t-ship ; the first and last are p-towns. Lime- stone ridge crosses the t-ship on the S. boundary.
Turbutville, p-o. of 'T'urbut t-ship, Northumberland co.
Turkey ridge and valley. The for- mer forms part of the boundary line between Mifflin and Perry cos. extend- ing from the r. Juniata N. E. to the Susquehannah r. about 15 ms. The valley is on the N. side of the ridge, and is bounded E. by the latter river and W. by Cocalimus creek.
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