USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 36
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Frankford, t-ship, Cumberland co. bounded N. and W. by Mifflin t-ship, E. by Perry co. and N. by Middleton t-ship, and S. by W. Pennsborough. Centrally distant N. W. from Carlisle, 9 miles ; greatest length and breadth, 5.3 miles ; area, 25,600 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, slate. Population in 1830, 1282 ; taxables, 257. The Conedog- winit creek courses the southern boun- dary, receiving from the t-ship several small tributaries. The N. part of the t-ship is covered with spurs of the Blue mountain. McClure's Gap, is on the E. boundary. There is a sulphur spring centrally situated, in the t-ship.
Frankford, a small village and p-t. of Hanover t-ship, Beaver co. near the S. boundary, about 22 miles S. W. of Beaver borough, contains between 30 and 40 dwellings, 3 stores, and 2 taverns. It is 254 miles N. W. from W. C. 231 W. of Harrisburg.
Franklin, t-ship, Adams co. bound- ed N. and E. by Menallen, S. E. by Cumberland, S. by Hamiltonban t-sps. and W. by. Franklin co. Centrally distant N. W. from Gettysburg 8 ms. ; greatest length 12, breadth 82 miles ; area, 32,000 acres ; surface level ;
soil, red shale. Population in 1830, 1588; taxables 320. It is drained by the N. and S. branches of Marsh cr. on the S. E. the Conewago on the N. E. and a branch of the Conecocheague on the W. which rises near the Green Ridge. The turnpike road from Get- tysburg to Chambersburg runs through the t-ship, and another turnpike leads from the former place to Mummas- burg, within the t-ship.
Franklin, t-ship, Bradford county, bounded N. by Troy and Burlington t-ships, E. by Moore, S. by Lycoming co. and W. by Canton. Centrally distant from Towanda, about 12 miles. Greatest length 122, breadth 10 miles ; area, 70,400 acres; surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Population in 1830, 583 ; taxables 103. The main branch of the Towanda creek crosses the upper part of the t-ship from E. to W. and the middle branch of that creek rises in the t-ship, and flows through it diagonally from S. W. to N. E. Both receive considerable ac- cessions in their course through it. Franklindale p-o. is 248 miles N. W. from W. C. and 137 from Harris- burg.
Franklin, post t-ship, York county, bounded N. E. by Monohan t-ship, S. E. by Washington t-ship, S. W. by Adams co. and N. W. by Cumber- land co. Centrally distant from the borough of York N. W. about 20 miles; greatest length 5, breadth 4 miles ; area, 10,240 acres; surface, rolling ; soil, loam and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1003; taxables, 224. Tax- able property in 1829, and real es- tate, $153,261 ; personal, 8639 ; occu- pations, 22,770; total, 184,670 ; rate, 25 cts. in the 100 dollars. It is drained chiefly by a branch of the Bermudian creek. The post-town of Franklin lies in the E. angle, 17 miles N. W. from York, 100 miles from W. C. and 14 from Harrisburg.
Franklin, t-ship, Greene co. bound- ed N. E. by Morgan t-ship, E. by Jefferson, S. E. by Whitely, S. by Wayne, W. by Centre, and N. W. by Morris. Greatest length 9, breadth
.
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7 miles ; area, 30,720 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, loam ; population 2347 ; taxables, 401. The t-ship is drained by Ten Mile creek and its tributarics. The borough of Waynesburg, the co. town, is centrally situated in it, through which a turnpike road from Union town, Fayette co. to the state line pass- es.
Franklin, t-ship, Fayette co. bound- ed N. E. by Tyrone, E. by Dunbar, S. by Union and Manallen, W. by Redstone and Washington t-ships. Centrally distant N. from Union, 9 miles ; greatest length 10, breadth 7 miles ; area, 21,120 acres; surface hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1464; taxables, 338. The Youghio- gheny river flows along the N. boun- dary, and Redstone creek upon the S. and S. W. Both receive small tribu- taries from the t-ship.
Franklin county was taken by act of assembly, 9th Sept. 1784, from the southern part of Cumberland co. designated by the name of the Cone- cocheauge settlement, so called from its principal stream, tho Conecocheauge creek. It is bounded northward by the counties of Perry and Cumber- land, W. by the county of Bedford and part of Huntingdon, E. by the county of Adams, and S. by the state of Maryland. Its greatest extent E. and W. is 34, and N. and S. 38 miles ; arca, 734 square miles, or 469,760 acres. Central lat. 39º 55' N. long. from W. C. 0° 40' W.
This county belongs to the great central transition formation, and lies in the Kittatinny valley, commonly known as the great limestone valley of the state. It is bounded on the E. by the South mountain, which has a course here nearly N. and S. with an elevation above the level of the middle of the valley, from 6 to 900 feet. On the W. it is limited by a higher and more rugged range of mountains, whose general direction is N. E. The Western Tuscarora or Cove moun- tain, rises about 1700 feet above the valley. The chief mineral discovered, is iron ore, of which there is great
abundance, of excellent quality. In the western mountains, for many miles along the Path valley, continuous beds of this ore have been developed, of great depth and easily accessible. At a short distance W. of the South mountain and running parallel with it, from one end of the county to the oth- er, is a vein of superior pipe and hon- ey comb ore, showing itself at inter- vals in the limestone strata, and gen- erally in nests, as is usual with this species of ore. In appearance this ore is not distinguishable from that of the Juniata, and the iron made from it is not inferior. In both these min- cral regions, fuel and water power for the manufacture of iron are abundant, and under the stimulus applied by the American system, a great extension of the iron business here may be im- mediately expected. A tradition from the first white settlers near the South mountain reports, that the Indians ob- tained lead from these hills, but no ex- ertions yet made for its discovery have been successful. White marble is seen in various parts of the county, and from the extent and variety of the limestone districts, considerable varie- ty of that valuable and beautiful stone is supposed to exist. The limestone on the surface is of a blue color, and solid texture, lying in strata of vari- ous depths, inclined generally about 45 degrees from the horizon, dipping commonly to the S. E. It is inter- sected by perpendicular fissures. It contains marine fossils in great varie- ty, the largest and finest specimens of the cornu ammonis found in the United States, are to be obtained from the quarries near Chambersburg. This stone affords at once a valuable mate- rial for building and fencing, and in- exhaustible sources of manure.
The valley between the mountains, affords much diversity of- - aspect and soil. The greater part . ist limestone land of good quality, well watered by springs, fertile, and in high . state of cultivation. Its quantity is estimated at about 180,000 acres ; and it is gen- crally divided into farms of from 100
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to 300 acres each, nine tenths of Its general direction is N. E. and it which are cultivated by their owners, with the aid of their families. The general character of this land is un- dulating, very little of it being so hilly or broken, that it may not be subject- ed to the plough. The Conccocheague creek separates the lime and slate formations. The latter, narrow at the Maryland line, widens towards the N. and embraces a considerable portion of the N. W. section of the county, and is supposed to amount in the whole, to 160,000 acres. Though not so fer- tile and productive as the limestone land, and deemed of inferior quality, yet as it is cultivated with less labor and expense, and abounds in streams which create great quantities of natu- ral meadow, producing large quanti- ties of grass and hay for stock, those who cultivate it with care and skill are little behind their limestone land neighbors, in the means of comforta- ble and independent subsistence. Be- tween the South mountain and the line at which the limestone appears at the surface, running parallel to the mountain, two miles in width through the county, is a belt, called " Pine Lands," which for fertility and certain- ty of product is not surpassed by any land in the county. Its area is esti- mated at 20,000 acres, and its surface is loam composed of sand and clay, among which many boulders are visi- ble. This soil has a depth from ten to eighteen inches, and rests on a bed of red and yellow clay, underlaid at a great depth by the limestone rock.
The mountainous districts comprise about 110,000 acres. The South mtn. is covered by an almost unbroken for- est, shading a soil too sandy and ster- ile for grain or grass, but favorable to the growth of forest trees, and of the peach, plumb and cherry trees, and of the vine. The ridges on the west have greater diversity of surface and soil. Their sides are frequently rug- ged and broken, but between them are valleys of various extent and soil. The Path valley situated here, is a ve- ry interesting portion of the county.
possesses the same variety of soil, wa- ter and cultivation, with the rest of the county. It has, however, a more picturesque aspect. The mountain heights fringed with verdure, almost overhang the well cultivated and laughing farms below. This, with a continuous but smaller valley, called Amberson's, is divided into 2 t-ships, which contain about 700 taxable in- habitants.
The principal streams of the coun. ty have their sources in the mountains not far from their summits, whence they flow towards the middle of the valley, and nearly all unite in forming the Conccocheague creek, a large stream which empties into the Poto- mac at Williamsport, in Maryland. The Antictam creek rises in the South mountain and parts contiguous, and flows southward also into Maryland. The Conedogwinit creek springs from the North mountain, and runs north- ward for several miles, whilst West Conecocheaguc on the W. of the in- tervening mountain, has an opposite though nearly a parallel course. These main trunks and their tributary branches, intersect the country in all directions, and furnish a supply of wa- ter not only for agricultural, but for manufacturing purposes, to a great extent. 'This power now gives mo- tion to about 80 stone and brick mills, for the manufacture of flour; 100 saw mills, 20 fulling mills, 5 furnaces, 7 woollen factories for spinning and weaving, and some manufactories of iron. (Seo Chambersburg.) Whilst the mills now erected are sufficient to manufacture double the quantity of grain grown in the county, little more than one half the water power of the streams, is yet applied to useful pur- poses.
The staple agricultural products of the county, are the common ones of the state, wheat, rye, corn and oats. To the growth of barley, hemp, and flax, there is an extensive fertile soil, peculiarly adapted, yet neither is cul- tivated in quantities proportionate to
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the interest of the cultivator, and the |[public roads, of which 63 are stone demand of the community. For the turnpikes. These have been made at an expense to the inhabitants of more than $230,000. There are 23 large stone bridges erected by the county, t-ship, and turnpike companies. cultivation of hemp there is every in- ducement which a fertile soil can af- ford, with every advantage for water- rotting. From one hundred and fifty to two hundred thousand barrels of flour, are annually sent to the market of Baltimore, whence the county re- ceives its chief supplies.
The grasses mostly cultivated are clover, timothy, and herds-grass. The last, introduced some years since, has been carried by the wings of the wind to almost every part of the co. and is supplanting in many places, the indigenous sour grasses of the wet soils. The orchard grass lately and partially introduced, has flourished so as to en- courage its cultivation. Some of the citizens have given much attention to the growth of the white mulberry, and the feeding of the silk worm. On one farm near Green Castle, there are many thousand plants fit for trans- planting, and are offered for sale on reasonable terms. The soil and cli- mate invite to the cultivation of silk, and we trust that the inhabitants will awake to the sense of the value and profit of this article of trade.
The prevailing forest trees are the white, black, red, swamp and chestnut oak, chestnut, poplar, elm, black and white walnut, hickory, acacia or lo. cust, ash, maple, sycamore, red, white and pitch pine. The red cedar, black mulberry, and sassafras, are found in small quantities in many parts of the county ; the chestnut only on or near the mountains ; the pine and chestnut oak, also principally in the mountains, and rarely in the limestone soil. The sugar maple first discovers itself in the mountains on the west. So great is the variety of forest trees common to the soil of this part of the state, that on a small surface not exceeding one acre, may be found of native growth ten or fifteen kinds.
There are 40 churches in which re- ligious instruction is regularly dis- pensed, and christian ordinances pi- ously observed. There are auxiliary, Bible, and colonization and tract soci- eties, and Sunday School Unions in the county. Four newspapers are printed in the county, viz : The Frank- lin Repository, Franklin Republican, Franklin Telegraph, and Anti-Mason- ic Gazette. One of them is in the German language.
A great portion of the dwellings of the inhabitants are of stone and brick ; in the limestone sections nearly all the barns and stables for cattle are of that material. The value of taxable pro- perty by the assessment of 1829, was $6,668,495. This assessment is about 25 per cent below the amounts the owners would be willing to accept. The assessed value of real estate in the county in 1814, amounted to $11,500,980, and the difference, is that of the values of the currency at the two periods. The prices of lands varying with their qualities and situa- tions is from 5 to 50 dollars per acre.
The population of the county is composed chiefly of Irish and Dutch settlers, and their descendants. It amounted in 1800, to 20,151 ; in 1810, to 23,173 ; in 1820, to 31,909, and in 1830, to 35,103. The taxables in 1828, to 6095.
For an account of the public build- ings of the county, we refer the reader to the article " Chambersburg," ob- serving here, that there is a compe- tent number of schools to teach the children of the county the rudiments of an English education, and that a county alms-house and house of em- ployment, has been established some years. The average number of pau- pers is about 70, who are maintained each at the annual expense of about
Much has been done in this county for promoting facile intercourse, by the construction of roads and bridges. There are more than 400 miles of $37, beside the aid derived from the
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farm, which contains 160 acres of ams, Cumberland and Perry, it com- good land.
The chief towns of the county are Chambersburg, the seat of justice, Greencastle, Waynesburg, Mercers- burg, St. Thomas, Louden, Fannets- burg, Roxbury, Strasburg, Green- village and Fayetteville. For a de- scription of Chambersburg we refer to that article. The towns of Green- castle, Waynesburg, and Mercers- burg are considerable for their size, each having a number of neat and substantial stone and brick houses, ed- ifices for public worship, many stores and public houses, and surrounded by a country admirable for its beauty and fertility, and for the comfortable improvements of its independent pro- prietors. The other villages are in a very thriving state.
Franklin county forms the 15th senatorial district ; sends one member to the senate, and two to the house of representatives. Conjoined with Ad-
poses the 11th congressional district, which sends two members to congress ; united with Bedford and Somerset counties, it makes the 16th judicial district, over which Alexander Thomp- son, Esq. presides. The courts are holden at Chambersburg on the 2d Mondays of January, April, August and November. It belongs to the southern district of the supreme court, which holds its session at Chambers- burg, in September annually.
This county paid into the state treasury in the year 1831, for divi- dends on turnpike stock, $5650,00
Tax on bank dividends, 1186,00
Tax on writs, 536,52
Tavern licenses, 2244,48
Duties on de'lrs in for. mdze.
224,09 23,75
State maps,
Pamphlet laws, 1,43
Tin and clock pedlars licenses, 117,00
Hawkers and pedlars licenses, 65,20
Total, $12,045 47
STATISTICAL TABLE OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.
Area
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth.
Bth
in Acres
Face of country.
Soil.
1810
Population. 1820
1830
Taxa- bles.
Antrim,
9
8}
38400
level, rocky mtnous.,
limestone, part, slate,
2864
4120
3829
768
Fannet,
13
Franklin,
13
6
32640
1497
2010
2554
465
Guilford,
14
7
33920
1961
2439
2873
528
Hamilton,
94
73
21760
1263
1688
1461
251
Letterkenny,
12
10%
40400
1549
1820
1965
382
Lurgan,
9
74
19200
874
1523
1252
224
Metal,
15
5
23680
1296
248
Montgomery,
11
8
46080
2693
3398
3509
595
Peters,
12
8
30720
1762
2776
2268
410
Southampton,
11ł
5
21760
1060
1348
1655
266
Warren,
11
5
23040
436
527
57
107
Washington,
11 113
83
49920 25600
slate & shale limestone, chiefly slate,
2709
4797
5184
751
St. Thomas
7
2405
1778
328
23083
31892
35103
6095
38400
level, do. hilly, level, do. mtnous., level, do. do. hilly, rolling, do.
lime., slate, limestone, slate, chiefly slate, do. linie & shale, limestone, chiefly do., do.
1398
1747
2112
285
1781
2405
2794
487
Greene,
1236
1294
Franklin, t-ship, Huntingdon co. length 8 miles, breadth 6}; arca, bounded N. by Centre co. E. by Tus- 22,400 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, limestone. Population in 1830, 1200 ; taxables, 220. The W. branch of the Little Juniata river, flows along the S. boundary, and receives from Greatest the t-ship Warrior's run and Spruce sey's mountain which separates it from West t-ship, S. by Morris and Tyrone t-ships, and W. by Warriormark. Centrally distant from Huntingdon t-ship N. W. 12 miles.
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creek, between which is Coleraine Forge post-office. On both streams there are iron works; Huntingdon furnace on the former, and Coleraine forge and others, on the latter. There were in the t-ship in 1828, 4 grist mills, 7 saw mills, 1 fulling mill, 2 fur- naces and 4 forges.
Franklin, t-ship, Lycoming county, bounded N. by Penn town-ship, E. by Luzerne co. S. by Columbia co. and W. by Moreland t-ship. Cen- trally distant E. from Williamsport 30 miles. Greatest length 18, breadth 9 miles ; area, 46,080 acres ; surface mountainous ; soil various, chiefly slate and gravel. Population in 1830, 400 ; taxables, 74. Value of taxable property in 1829, seated lands, &c. $19,721. Personal estate, 2229. Rate of tax 75 cts. in the hundred dollars. It is drained by the Little Muncy cr. on the S. W. and Fishing cr. on the S. E. Bald mountain pass- es centrally through the t-ship, from W. to E.
Franklin, p-t. borough, and st. of just. of Venango county, on the right bank of French creek, at its junction with the Allegheny river. Lat. 41º 22' N. Long. 2º 50' W. from W. C. Distant by p-r. from that place 279 miles, and 212 miles from Harrisburg, and 70 miles from Pittsburg. The town was laid out by the commission- ers appointed under the act of 18th April, 1795, in about 700 lots. It contains above 400 inhabitants, and is rapidly improving, particularly since the introduction of steamboats on the Allegheny. It contains a stone court house and jail, an Episcopalian church of brick, and a Presbyterian church of frame. A mail stage runs through it three times a week, and six mails arrive weekly, on horseback. The Susquehannah and Waterford turnpike road passes by the town. There are here 13 stores, 6 taverns, 1 grist mill, an academy to which the legislature gave $2000 in the year 1813, and also two forges. There is a bridge across French creek 200 feet long. There is a good steamboat
navigation on the river, for four or five months in the year, by boats of the Blanchard construction, of 60 or 100 tons burthen. From the mouth of French creek, 43 miles of the Penn. canal designed to connect lake Erie with the Allegheny river are fin- ished, and under contract. The town was incorporated 14th April, 1828.
Franklin, t-ship, Allegheny county, bounded N. by the co. of Butler, E. by Pine t-ship, S. by Ohio t-ship, and W. by the co. of Beaver. Greatest length 6, breadth 6 ms ; area, 14,080 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, loam ; coal abundant. Pop. in 1830, 1326; tax- ables, 270. It is drained by the E. branch of the Big Sewickly creek, upon which there are several mills.
Franklin, t-ship, Westmoreland co. bounded N. by Allegheny t-ship, N. E. by Washington, E. by Salem, S. by North Huntingdon, and W. by Al- legheny co. Centrally distant N. W. of Greensburg 12 miles ; greatest length, 11} ; breadth, 8 miles ; area, 32,000 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, limestone and loam. It is drained on the N. W. by the Poketos creek, and on the S. W. by Turtle creek. The turnpike road from Ebensburg to Pitts- burg, passes centrally through the t-ship, and upon it, near the W. line in a fork of Turtle creek, are the small towns of Murraysville and Nolensville.
Franklin, or Rocktown, a small vil- lage of 8 or 10 houses, and a tavern, on the turnpike road between Middle- town and Lancaster, in Londonderry t-ship, Lancaster co. 12 miles from Harrisburg.
Frankstown, t-ship, Huntingdon co. bounded N. E. by Tyrone and Morris t-ship, S. E. by Dock mountain, which separates it from Woodberry t-ship, S. W. by Bedford co. and N. W. by Allegheny and Antes t-ships. Cen- trally distant S. W. from Huntingdon borough 19 miles. Greatest length 13, breadth 8 miles; area, 51,200 acres ; surface, mountain and valley ; soil, limestone in the valleys. The Frankstown branch of the Juniata riv- er enters the t-ship on the S. through
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the Frankstown Gap of Dunning's mountain, and flowing along Lock mountain through the t-ship by Franks- town, passes out at the N. E. angle ; it receives Beaver Dam creek above Frankstown, upon which lies the town of Hollidaysburg. The town of New- ry lies on Poplar run, a small branch of the river. Brush mountain fills the N. angle of the t-ship. On the Bea- ver Dam creek, W. of Hollidaysburg, commences the rail road portage across the Allegheny mountain, to Johnstown. There were in this t-ship in 1828, 9 grist mills, 6 saw mills, 15 distilleries, 1 fulling mill, and 3 tan- yards.
Frankstown, Branch of the Juniata river. (See Juniata River.)
Frankstown, post-town of Hunting- don county in Frankstown t-ship, on the Frankstown branch of the Juniata river, 20 miles nearly W. from Hunt- ingdon borough, and on the turnpike road from that place to Ebensburg, and about two miles E. of Hollidays- burg, contains 30 dwellings, 3 tav- erns, 8 stores, a tannery, a brewery, and. a school house.
Frazer, p-t. Chester county, 128 miles from W. C. 74 from Harris- burg.
Frederick, t-ship, Montgomery co. bounded N. E. by the Perkiomen cr. which separates it from Upper Salford and Marlborough, S. by Perkiomen and Skippack, S. W. by Limerick, N. W. by New Hanover, and N. by Up- per Hanover. Greatest length, 7 miles; greatest breadth, 6 miles ; area, 13,440 acres. It is drained by the Perkiomen and Swamp creek, a tributary. Surface, rolling ; soil, red shale. Pop. in 1830, 1047; tax- ables in 1828, 208. Central distance from Norristown, about 15 miles, from Philadelphia, 30 miles.
Fredericktown, p-t. E. Bethlehem t-ship, on the W. bank of the Monon- gahela river, two miles N. of the mouth of Ten Mile creek, 8 above Brownsville, and 18 miles S. W. of Washington borough, 206 miles from Harrisburg, and 213 N. W. from W.
C. contains 40 or 50 dwellings, 2 stores, and 3 or 4 taverns.
Freeburg, p-t. Washington t-ship, Union co. on a branch of Middle cr. 8 miles S. E. of New Berlin, 157 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 47 from Har- risburg, contains about 40 dwellings, 3 stores, and 2 taverns.
Freedensburg, p-t. Wayne t-ship, Schuylkill co. about 10 miles W. of Orwigsburg, 157 N. W. from W. C. and 47 from Harrisburg, contains about 40 dwellings, 3 stores, and 2 taverns.
Freemansburg, a small village and post-town in Bethlehem t-ship, on the road from the Wind gap to Philadel- phia, 8 miles from Easton, 187 from W. C. and 97 from Harrisburg, con- taining 4 dwellings, 1 tavern, 1 store. A bridge crosses the Lehigh here, having 2 arches. A dam in the river Lehigh is near this town, and the ca- nal runs in front of it, between the town and river.
French creek, Chester co. rises in Union t-ship, Berks county, and flows thence through E. Nantmeal, Covent- ry, Vincent, Pikeland and Charleston t-ships, Chester co. into the river Schuylkill. It is a fine mill stream. Phoenixville is at its mouth. (Sce Phænixville.)
French's mills, p-o. Bradford co. 268 miles N. W. from Washington, and 162 from Harrisburg.
French town, Asylum t-ship, Brad- ford co. in a deep bend of the Susque- hannah river, 7 miles S. E. of To. wanda.
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