USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 51
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Manchester, East, post t-ship, of York co. bounded N. by Newberry, N. E. by the Susquehannah river, S. E. by Hellam, S. W. by West Manchester, and N. W. by Conewago t-ship. Cen- trally distant from the borough of York 4 miles; greatest length 8}, breadth 5 miles ; area, 20,480 acres ; surface level ; soil, limestone and fruit- ful. Pop. in 1830, 2212; taxables, 505; taxable property 1829, real es- tate, $439,003 ; personal 19,300 ; oc- cupations &c., 37,595 ; total, $545, 898; rate of taxation, 25 cts. in the $100. The Conewago creek bounds it on the N. W., and the Codorus on the S. E. The York and Conewago turnpike road passes northerly through
Manchester, West, t-ship, York co. bounded N. E. by East Manchester, S. E. by Spring Garden, S. by Codo- rus, W. by Paradise, and N. W. by Dover t-ships; greatest length 7, breadth 62 miles ; area 12,800 acres ; surface level ; soil, limestone, and of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1269; taxables, 255 ; taxable property, 1829, real estate $470,103; personal, 14, 340 ; occupations, 24,670 ; total $509, 113; rate 25 cts. in the $100. The Conewago creek bounds it on the N. W. and the Codorus on the S. and E. The borough of York lies on both sides of the last creek and partly in this t-ship, and Bottstown may be con- sidered as its eastern suburb.
Manchester, northern t-ship, Wayne co. newly erected ; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, covered with white pine, hemlock and beech timber. It contained by the census of 1830, 183 inhabitants, and 1828, 42 taxables ; 4 frame, and 17 log houses, 1 store, 1 tavern, 1 grist mill and 1 saw mill. By the assessment of 1829, the seated lands were valued at $11,988; and the unseated, at $48,167 ; and person- al property including occupations at $1932.
Manheim, t-ship, Schuylkill co. bounded on the N. and N. W. by Norwegian t-ship, on the E. by Bruns- wick t-ship, on the S. by Berks co. and on the S. W. by Pine Grove t- ship ; its form is irregular. Its great- est length is about 9 miles, and great- est breadth, about 82 miles ; area, 43, 520 acres. The Sharp mountain runs along the N. boundary, the Blue mountain along the S., and the Sec. ond mountain crosses the interval. The Schuylkill river winds through the N. E. portion, and receives in its course the west branclrof Indian run, Panther creek, Beaver creck, Long
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run, Warner's creek, Bear creek and some streams less considerable. Lew- is-port, Schuylkill-Haven & Freidens- burg, are villages of the t-ship. There is a Lutheran church erected in its S. W. angle. As the surface is mountain- tainous, so is the soil, of white gravel, sterile. The pop. in 1830 was 2160 ; taxables in 1828, 315.
Manheim, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. by Warwick, S. by Lan- caster t-ship & city, N. E. by Leacock, S. E. by Lampeter, and W. by Hempfield ; length 7, breadth 5 miles ; area 16,666 acres; surface rolling ; soil, limestone and clay. Pop. in 1830, 1861 ; taxables, 280. The Great Co- nestoga river flows on the eastern, and the Little Conestoga on the south west. ern boundary. Moravia creek crosses the N. E. angle. Neffsville, post town, lies 41 miles due N. of Lancaster city on the road from Lancaster to Litiz. The t-ship contains 9 distilleries, 1 tannery, 4 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 1 hemp mill and 1 oil mill.
Manheim, p-t. and village, Raphoe t-ship, Lancaster co. on the great Chi- ques creek, 10 miles N. W. of the city of Lancaster, 119 from W. C. and 39 from Harrisburg, contains about 60 dwellings, several stores and taverns.
Manheim, t-ship, York co. bounded N. E. by Codorus, S. by the state of Maryland, W. by Adams co. and N. W. by Heidelberg t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. from the borough of York 16 miles ; greatest length 10}, breadth 63 miles; area 2816 acres ; surface undulating ; soil, loam, of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1278 ; taxa- bles 302; taxable property in 1829, real estate $231,679 ; personal 14, 908; occupations 17,605 ; total, $264, 192; rate, 25 cts. in the $100. It is drained N. by Hammer creek and a branch of the Codorus. The Hano- ver and Maryland line turnpike road runs S. through the W. part of the t- ship.
Manookisy creek, Northampton co. rises in Moore t-ship, and running south wardly falls into the Lehigh riv-
er at Bethlehem. This is a beautiful stream, flowing through a delightful country, and has a number of excel- lent mills upon it. But it is not nav- igable.
Manokesy creek, rises in Alsace and Oley t-ships, Berks co. and by a S. easterly course through the t-ships of Exeter and Amity, joins the Schuyl- kill, about 12 miles below Reading. It is not navigable, but drives some 10 or 12 mills in its course.
Manokesy hill, an oblong, low and isolated mountain, centrally situated in Amity t-ship, Berks co. about 2 miles from Reading.
Manor hill, p.o. Huntingdon co. 163 miles N. W. of W. C. and 105 S. E. of Harrisburg.
Mansfield, village of Donegal t-ship, Westmoreland co. 16 miles E. of Greensburg, contains 12 houses, 1 tavern and 1 store.
Mansfield, p-o. Tioga co., 246 miles N. W. from W. C., 140 from Har- risburg.
Manor, t-ship, Lancaster co. bound- ed N. by East and West Hempfield t- ships, E. by Lancaster and Conestoga t-ships, W. and S. W. by the Susque- hannah river ; centrally distant from the city of Lancaster 6 miles S. W .; greatest length and greatest breadth, about 8 miles. The Conestoga river forms the S. E. boundary, receiving from the t-ship, the Little Conestoga, and its W. branch. Millerstown lies in the E. part of the t-ship, between the Little and Great Conestoga streams, and Fairview, Charlestown, Washing- ton and Newmarket, upon the Sus- quehannah river. The first four are post towns; there is a post office in the t-ship called Manor, 102 miles from W. C., and 81 from Harrisburg. Tur- key hill, a high bluff upon the river, runs several miles on the S. boundary; area, 25,400 acres; surface, partly hilly, partly rolling ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 3158; taxables 835. The t-ship contains 30 distilleries, 15 grist mills, 4 saw mills and a woollen factory.
Mantua, pleasant village of Block.
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ley t-ship, Phila. co. on the road from ||too narrow for the numerous dwell- the upper ferry bridge to to the Lan- caster turnpike, on the upper bank of the river, contains some 40 or 50 neat dwellings, a store and Episcopalian church, a boarding school for boys &c. There are several neat country seats here. It is distant about 2} miles from the centre of the city.
Mattsville, p-t. Richland t-ship, Bucks co. 17 miles N. of Doylestown, 175 from W. C. and 89 from Harris- burg, consists of some 4 or 5 houses, a store and tavern.
Manyunk, p-t. and manufacturing village of Boxborough t-ship, Phila. co. upon the left bank of the r. Schuyl- kill and on the Flat Rock canal, a link of the Schuylkill chain connecting the Flat Rock pool with that of Fair Mount, 7 ms. from Phila., 143 from W. C. and 98 from Harrisburg. This village has been created by the water power derived from the canal. The first mill was erected here by Capt. John Towers, in 1819. The fall of the water is upon an average of 22 ft. from the surface of the canal to the bottom of the tail race; and the seve- ral mills are entitled to the water in the order rented ; and the last rented stops first in case of deficiency. The whole are subject to the navigation through the locks. The mode of com- puting the water rent is by the square inch of aperture. There are now, 1832, 14 mills established here, which employ a force estimated at 332 horse power.
The valley of the Schuylkill here, closely bounded on the W. by high and rugged hills, expands on the E. into a flat bottom, varying in width from 200 to 1000 feet, with a length not exceeding 2 miles ; at the head of this plain is Flat Rock dam, which de- rives its name from a mass of flat rocks below it. A canal running par- allel with the river connects this dam with the pool made by the Fair Mount dam. The town contains above 400 dwellings, many of which are very handsome and commodious. The lower and level bank of the r. proving
ings, streets have been dug in the sides of the hill, and some of the best houses have been built upon the hill top, which is apparently not less than 150 or 200 feet above the bed of the r. Below the dam and at a high bluff of the shores, a bridge of one arch, called Flat Rock bridge, spans the river. A bridge near the centre of the town was erected by Capt. Towers several years since ; but that, having been carried away by the stream, another near its site is being erected, by a company incorporated in 1831. A turnpike, also constructed by an incorporated company, leads from the town to the ridge road, a distance of something over a mile. The cost of this work was $17,000. There are in the town 1 Catholic, 1 German Reformed, 2 Methodist and 1 Episcopalian church- es, 8 large and well assorted stores, beside many smaller ones ; 4 taverns, a large brass and iron foundry, and every species of mechanical operation requisite for an active and thrifty pop- ulation. Manyunk is the Indian name of the r. Schuylkill.
Mapletown, Monongahela township, Greene co. on Whitely creek, about 15 ms. S. E. from Waynesburg, and 3 from the Monongahela r. is a small hamlet of 6 or 8 dwellings.
Maple Grove, p-t. Armstrong co. 231 ms. from W. C. and 199 from Harrisburg.
Marcus Hook, p-t. of Lower Chi- chester t-ship, Delaware co. situated on the r. Delaware, about 20 ms. S. from Phila. and 5 from Chester, 116 ms. N. from W. C. and 95 S. E. from Harrisburg, contains about 30 dwell- ings, 1 Baptist and 1 Episcopalian church, 2 taverns and 3 stores. It is a pleasant village, surrounded by ap- ple orchards, and its cider is in high repute. Some piers have been erect- ed, opposite the town, for the accom- modation of shipping.
Marietta, p-t. and borough, East Donegal t-ship, Lancaster co. on the left bank of the Susquehannah, above the mouth of Little Chiques creek, 14
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ms. W. of the city of Lancaster, 102 in and crosses the S. W. angle. from W. C. and 25 from Harrisburg. Unionville,p-t., and village, is centrally situated at the intersection of the roads leading to Kennett's Square and Chad's Ford. The two villages of Waterford and New Haven were included in the act of 6th March, 1812, incorporating the town. A turnpike road runs from Marlborough, West, t-ship, of Ches- ter co., bounded N. by East Fallow. field, E. by Newlin and East Marlbo- rough, S. by New Garden and London Grove, and W. by Londonderry, and West Fallowfield t-ships. The east branch of Clay creek drains it on the S., and a tributary of the west branch of the Brandywine on the N. Central distance S. W. from Philadelphia 33 ms., and from West Chester 11 miles. Length 42, breadth 4 ms. ; area, 9762 acres ; surface, gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Pop. in 1830, 1101 ; taxables, in 1828, 265. Lancaster to the town, and another from the town N. to the Harrisburg turnpike, at Mount Joy. The state canal from Columbia to Middletown passes near it. The town contains more than 100 dwellings, several stores and taverns, and a church. An act passed 9th Feb. 1814, authorizing the incorporation of a company to erect a bridge over the Susquehannah r. op- posite to this town; but the project has never been commenced. This is now a thriving place, and very favorably situated for partaking of the advantages resulting from the great internal improvement of the state.
Marlborough, t-ship, Montgomery co., bounded N. E. by Bucks co., S. E. by Upper Salford, S. and S. W. by Frederick, and N. W. by Upper Hanover t-ships. Greatest length 5, greatest width 24 ms. The Perkio. men cr. runs along the S. W. boun- dary, and Swamp cr. along the S. E. division. Centrally distant from Nor- ristown 18 ms. Sumany Town, at which there is a p-o., lies on the line which divides this t-ship from Upper Salford. Surface, rolling ; soil, red shale. Iron ore is found in the t-ship. Pop. in 1830, 911 ; taxables in 1828, 171.
Marlborough, East, t-ship, Chester co., bounded N. by Newlin and W. Bradford, N. E. by Pennsbury, and S. E. by Kennett, S. by New Garden, and W. by London Grove and West Marlborough t-ships. Central distance from Philadelphia 28 ms. S. W., and from West Chester 8 ms. Length 43 by 32 ms. in breadth ; area, 10,680 acres. Pop. in 1830, 1252 ; taxa- bles, in 1828, 230. Surface, gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Pocop- sen creek, a tributary of the Brandy- wine, flows E. through the N. section of the t-ship, and Red Clay creek rises
Margaretta, furnace, p-o., Windsor t-ship, York co., 97 ms. from W. C. and 35 from Harrisburg.
Marple, t-ship, Delaware county, bounded N. by Radnor, E. by Haver- ford, S. by Springfield, and W. by Up- per Providence. Centrally distant from Philadelphia 12 miles W., from Chester, 7 N. Length 4, breadth 4 ms. ; area, 6400 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 793 ; taxa- bles, 171. Darby creek courses the eastern, and Crane creek the western boundary ; both are mill streams, and have many mills upon them.
Martic, t-ship, Lancaster co., boun- ded N. E. by Strasburg t-ship, E. by Bart, and S. E. by Dromore, S. W. by the Susquehannah river, and N. W. by Conestoga t-ship. Centrally distant 10 ms. S. of the city of Lan- caster. Greatest length 10, greatest breadth 6 ms. ; area 31,542 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, limestone and clay. Pop. in 1830, 2156 ; taxables, 414. Beaver creek bounds it N. E., Muddy creek S. E., and Pecquea creek, N. W., all mill streams ; upon the latter is a forge. Martic hills cover a great portion of the t-ship. McCrea- ry's ferry, over the Susquehannah, is below the confluence of Pecquea creek with that stream. There is a post office at Marticville, a small hamlet
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of 8 or 10 dwellings, 100 ms. from W. C., and 46 from Harrisburg.
Martin's creek, Northampton co., rises at the foot of the Blue mountain, and running a southwesterly course falls into the Delaware, about 26 ms. above Easton. It is not navigable, but affords several excellent mill seats. There is a post office, called after the creek, distant 198 ms. from W. C., and 111 from Harrisburg.
Martin's creek, Susquehannah co., rises in New Milford t-ship, and by a S. W. course falls into the Tunkhan- nock creek, in Luzerne county. It forms the whole western boundary of Lennox, and partly of Harford t-ships, Susquehannah county, receiving in its course Hopbottom creek and other streams.
Martinsburg, Buffalo t-ship, Wash- ington co., on the national road, about 6 ms. W. of Washington borough. It is a town in name only, there being but a single house, a tavern, here.
Masontown, p-o., Fayette co., 222 ms. N. W. from W. C., 204 S. W. from Harrisburg.
Martinsburg, p-t., Woodberry t-ship, Bedford co., in the N. part of the t- ship, on the head waters of the Franks- town branch of the Juniata river, 22 ms. N. of the borough of Bedford, 134 from W. C., and 112 from Harrisburg, contains 3 stores, 3 taverns, and about 50 dwellings. It is situated in a beau- tiful limestone valley, called Morri- son's cove, bounded on the E. by 'Tus- sey's, and on the W. by Dunning's mountain. The valley abounds with iron ore, contains a furnace and 3 forges, and many mills.
Marsh creek, Adams co., rises in Menallen t-ship, and flows S. into the state of Maryland, forming the boun- dary between Cumberland t-ship and Hamilton-ban and Liberty t-ships. Its course within the state is about 15 ms.
Marshall's creek, Northampton co., rises in Pike co., and flowing S. W. unites its waters with those of Smith- field creek, directly at the mouth of the latter. It is not navigable, but affords several fine mill seats.
Marshalton, a post town and village of Chester co., West Bradford t-ship, 27 miles W. of Philadelphia, and 4 ms. S. W. of West Chester, 117 ms. N. from W. C., and 74 S. E. from Harrisburg, contains some half dozen houses.
Marsh, p-t., Chester co., 136 ms. N. of W. C., and 61 S. E. of Har- risburg.
Mauch Chunk. Under this title, it is proposed to give an account of the famous coal mountain, and the magni- ficent improvements of which it has been the cause. The name of this mountain is of Indian origin, and in the language of the Lenni Lenappi, (Delawares,) is said to signify Bear mountain. It forms a very dis- tinguished portion of the coal forma- tion of the state, and we are told that we owe our knowledge of its mineral treasures to sheer accident ; that a hunter discovered the coal bed, while in search of game, beneath the roots of an uptorn pine. The following ac- count of this important event is given by the venerable Dr. Thomas C. James, of Philadelphia, who, in the year 1804, in company with Anthony Morris, Esq., during an excursion to some lands on the Lehigh, their joint proper- ty, visited the mountain.
" In the course of our pilgrimage, we reached the summit of the Mauch Chunk mountain, the present site of the mine or rather quarry of anthra- cite coal. At that time there were only to be seen three or four small pits, which had much the appearance of the commencement of rude wells, into one of which, our guide (Philip Ginter), descended with great case, and threw up some pieces of coal for our examination. After which, whilst we lingered on the spot, contemplating the wildness of the scene, honest Philip amused us with the following narrative of the original discovery of this most valuable of minerals, now promising, from its general diffusion, so much of wealth and comfort to a great portion of Pennsylvania.
" He said, when he first took up his
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residence in that district of country, he built for himself a rough cabin in the forest, and supported his family by the proceeds of his rifle ; being literally a hunter of the backwoods. The game he shot, including bear and deer, he carried to the nearest store, and ex- changed for other necessaries of life. But at the particular time to which he then alluded, he was without a supply of food for his family ; and after being out all day with his gun in quest of it, he was returning, towards evening, "over the Mauch Chunk mountain, en- tirely unsuccessful and dispirited ; a drizzling rain beginning to fall, and night approaching, he bent his course homeward, considering himself one of the most forsaken of human beings. As he trod slowly over the ground, his foot stumbled against something which, by the stroke, was driven be- fore him ; observing it to be black, to distinguish which there was just light enough remaining, he took it up, and as he had often listened to the tradi- tions of the country of the existence of coal in the vicinity, it occurred to him, that this might be a portion of that " stone coal," of which he had heard. He accordingly carefully took it with him to his cabin, and the next day carried it to Col. Jacob Weiss, residing at what was then known by the name of Fort Allen. The colonel, who was alive to the subject, brought the specimen with him to Philadelphia, and submitted it to the inspection of John Nicholson and Michael Hillegas, Esqrs., and of Charles Cist, an intelli- gent printer, who ascertained its na- ture and qualities, and authorized the colonel to satisfy Ginter for his disco- very, upon his pointing out the pre- cise spot, where he found the coal. This was done by acceding to Gin- ter's proposal, of getting through the forms of the patent-office the title for a small tract of land, which he suppo- sed had never been taken up, compri- sing the mill-seat, on which he after- wards built the mill which afforded us the lodging of the preceding night, and which he afterwards was unhappily
deprived of by the claim of a prior survey.
" Hillegas, Cist, Weiss, and others immediately after, (about the begin- ning of the year 1792,) formed the " Lehigh coal mine company," but without a charter of incorporation, and took up 8 or 10,000 acres of un- located land, including the Mauch Chunk mountain."
The mine now wrought was opened by this company ; but the difficulties of transporting the coal to market were then insurmountable, and their enter- prize was abandoned. " The mine remained in a neglected state, used only by the smiths and others of the immediate vicinity, until the year 1806, when Wm. Turnbull, Esq. caused an ark to be constructed at Lausanne, which brought to the city two or three hundred bushels. A portion was sold to the manager of the water works, for the use of the Centre square steam en- gine. Upon trial here, it was deemed rather an extinguisher than an aliment of fire, was rejected as worthless, and was broken up and spread on the walks of the surrounding garden, in the place of gravel.
The legislature, early aware of the importance of the navigation of the Lehigh, passed an act for its improve- ment in 1771, and others in 1791, 1794, 1798, 1810, 1814 and 1816. Under one of these a company asso- ciated, and after expending more than 20,000 dollars in clearing out chan- nels, relinquished their design of per- fecting the navigation of the river.
In the meanwhile the coal mine company, desirous to render their prop- erty available, granted leases to seve- ral individuals successively ; the last for a term of ten years with the priv- ilege of eutting timber from their lands, for floating the coal to market, was made to Messrs. Cist, Miner & Rob- inson, upon condition that they should send to Philadelphia 10,000 bushels of coal per annum, for the benefit of the lessees. These gentlemen loaded sev- eral arks with coal, only three of which reached the city, and they
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abandoned the business at the close of |in them, their heirs and assigns, the the war in 1815.
During the war, Virginia coal be- came very scarce, and Messrs. White & Erskine Hazard, then engaged in the manufacture of iron wire at the falls of the Schuylkill, having learned that Mr. J. Malin had succeeded in the use of Lehigh coal at his rolling mill, procured a cart load of it, which cost them a dollar per bushel. This quantity was entirely wasted, without getting up the requisite heat. Anoth- er cart load was, however, obtained, and a whole night was spent in en- deavoring to make a fire in the fur- nace, when the hands shut the furnace door, and departed from the mill in despair. Fortunately, one of them who had left his jacket in the mill re- turning for it in about half an hour, observed the door of the furnace to be red hot, and upon opening it, was sur- prised to find the interior at a glowing white heat. The other hands were summoned, and four separate parcels of iron were heated by the same fire, and rolled, before renewal. The fur- nace was then replenished, and as letting the fire alone had succeeded so well, that method was tried again with a like result.
Thenceforth Messrs. White and Hazard continued the use of anthra- cite coal, which they procured from Schuylkill county, in wagons, and oc- casionally in flats by freshets, and al- so from the Lehigh, in one of Messrs. Miner & Co's. arks. Thus instructed in the invaluable properties of anthra- cite, Messrs. White & Hazard having disposed of their works on the Schuyl- kill to the city of Philadelphia, turned their attention to the mines on the Le- high, with the resolution of creating adequate means for transporting their wealth to market.
In January, 1818, they jointly with Mr. Hants obtained the control of the lands of the Lehigh coal mine compa- ny. In the succeeding March, the le- gislature granted to these gentlemen, ample power for improving the navi- gation of the river Lehigh, and vested
absolute and exclusive use of the wa- ters of the river, not incompatible with the navigation, and the right to levy tolls upon boats, rafts, &c. de- scending the river, and also upon as- cending it, in case a slack water navi- gation should be made, upon condi- tion, Ist, That they made a de- scending navigation within six years from the mouth of the Nesquihoning creek to the Delaware, and from the Great falls to the Nesquiho- ning within twenty years. 2. That in case the legislature deemed such navigation insufficient, the grantees should convert the same into a com- plete slack water navigation, erecting one lock or other devices overcoming at least 6 feet fall, yearly, until the whole should be completed. 3. That in case of abuse of the privileges granted, or neglect to complete the slack water navigation, within twenty years after requisition made, that the state might resume the grant. 4. That the state might, after the expiration of thirty-six years from the date of the grant, purchase the rights of the grantees to the navigation. And 5th. That upon such purchase, or resump- tion in case of forfeiture, that the state should fulfil all the obligations enjoined by this act, upon the gran- tees.
For the purpose of obtaining funds to carry this act into effect, and to conduct the mining operations advan- tageously, Messrs. White, Hants, and Hazard, formed with others, two associations in July, 1818; the one, denominated " the Lehigh navigation company," for whose use, they grant- ed to trustees, by deed dated 10th August, 1818, all the right vested in them by the above mentioned act, to the benefits of the river Lehigh, re- serving to themselves certain residu- ary profits and exclusive privileges in the management of the company ; the other, denominated " The Lehigh coal company," for whose use they also conveyed to trustees, certain estates in sundry tracts of coal lands,
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