USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 24
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state. It is none of your whortleberry, | cranberry, or hemlock counties, cal- culated for the nurture of wolves, bears and panthers, and not for the re- sidence of man ; but a county abound- ing with advantages, which have not yet been duly estimated, but which undoubtedly will be, when the West Branch canal is constructed, and the American protecting system goes into vigorous operation."
The following mountain ridges and vales occur in crossing this county from the east. Path valley mtn. is on the E. boundary ; next and scarce separated from it, is Tussey's mtn .; west of this is George's and Penn's valleys, bounded W. by the Brush mtn .; in the N. E. part of the last val- ley rises the Short mtn. Beyond Brush mtn. is Brush valley, bounded by a ridge of the Nittany mtn .; between this and the two other ridges of the same name, lie Pheasant and Little Pheasant valleys, and Sugar valley ; west of the longest Nittany Ridge, is the Great Nittany valley, which ex. tends to Bellefonte. West of this val- ley is a long ridge, which, S. E. of Spring creek, bears the name of Bald Eagle ridge, and N. W. of the creek, that of Muncy hill. It extends through the whole county and from Little Juniata r. to the W. branch of the Susquehannah, a distance of about 55 ms. The Bald Eagle valley runs be- tween this ridge and the chain of the great Allegheny mtn. and is drained by the Bald Eagle creek which flows N. E. through its whole length into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, at the Great Island opposite to Dunnstown. The western portion of the county is covered by spurs from the Allegheny, and is bounded by the Mushanon creek and the W. branch of the Susquehan- nah.
The county is not well watered ; the streams are numerous, but in the limestone valleys E. of the Bald Ea- gle ridge and Muncey hill most of them have very short courses, sinking into the earth, through the crevices of the rocks, and in many places it is dif-
fieult to obtain water for domestic pur- poses. Wells have been sunk 200 ft. through the rock without success. Spruce creek is the only stream which issues from the county on the south. Spring creek and Cedar creek break through the ridge into Bald Eagle creek, which receives from the Alle- gheny mtn. Marsh creek, and Beach creek, and some smaller streams. That mountain sends westward to the Mushanon, the Little Mushanon, Cold stream, and other but less creeks. 'The Bald Eagle is navigable for boats for about 20 ms. from its mouth and above Milesborough.
A turnpike road from Lewistown in Mifflin co. to Bellefonte, runs N. W. through the co. and another from the last place runs N. westward to Frank- lin, &c. Another turnpike road has lately been commenced from Milesbo- rough to Smithsport, by which eoal may be brought for the iron works at Milesborough, Bellefonte, &c. from the West of the Allegheny. Another turnpike road passes through Aarons- burg towards the Susquehannah r.
The principal towns of the county are Bellefonte, Walkersville, Pattens- ville, Milesborough, Earlysburg, Mill- heim, Aaronsburg, Rabersburg, New Providence, Hublersville, &c.
The population is composed chiefly of Germans and Irish and their descen- dants, and amounted in 1800 to 5000 souls, in 1810, to 10,681, in 1820, 13,796, in 1830 to 18,735 ; of these there were 9495 white males, 18,973 white females, 152 free colored males, 110 free colored females, 5 slaves. Of aliens there were 35, deaf and dumb 6, blind 2. Taxables in 1028, 3618. The public buildings of the county consist of the court house, county of- fices, and prison ; a building for an academy, which was incorporated by the act of 8th January, 1805, and in which was vested the property above mentioned, given to the trustees of the county for its use. And by act of 9th January, 1805, the legislature granted to the institution the sum of #2000, to be applied in the erection of a building,
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on condition that poor children not ||in Logan's gap of Nittany mtn. will exceeding six in number, at one time, make 1200 tons ; the property of Judge Mckinney. Washington furnace, 15 ms. from Bellefonte on Fishing creek, capable of making 1200 tons of pig metal annually. Howard furnace, in a gap of Muncy hill, upon Lick run. should be taught, gratis, but none to continue longer than two years ; also 5 Presbyterian, 5 German, Lutheran, and Reformed, 4 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Catholic churches, and 1 Quaker meeting.
Connected with Clearfield, Lycom- ing, Mckean and Potter counties, Cen- tre forms the 13th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate, and with Union and Clearfield, sends two members to the house of resenta- tives. Connected with Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Clearfield, it forms the 12th congressional district. United with Huntingdon and Mifflin counties, it forms the 4th judicial district. Presi- dent, Thomas Burnside. The courts are holden at Bellefonte on the 4th Mondays of January, April, August, and November, annually.
The export trade of the county con- sists of wheat, about 200,000 bushels, clover seed, about 600 bushels, whis- key, 1500 barrels, and iron from 9000 to 10,000 tons.
There are many manufactories of iron in the county, and they continue to increase. The following are the principal : Tussey furnace, situated about 14 ms. from Bellefonte, compe- tent to the manufacture of 100 tons of pig metal annually ; now or late the property of Messrs. Stewart and Lyon. Centre furnace, 9 ms. from Bellefonte, directly opposite the end of the Nitta- ny mtn. capable of making 1500 tons annually ; the property now or late of Messrs. Miles & Green. Spring furnace, about 4 ms. from Bellefonte, on Spring creek, will manufacture 1000 tons per annum. The property of General Benner. Logan furnace, 3 ms. from Bellefonte, on Logan's branch of Spring creek, capable of making 1200 tons annually. It is the property of Messrs. Valentine and Thomas. Eagle furnace about 5 ms. from Bellefonte, in Bald Eagle valley, capable of making 1200 tons annually, belonging to R. Curtin, Esq. Mount Hecla furnace, 7 ms. from Bellefonte,
Phillipsburg forge, 15 ms. from Bellefonte, on the waters of Big Mu- shanon, makes about 200 tons bar iron annually. The enterprizing owners, Messrs. Hardman, Phillips & Co. have also a manufactory for making wood screws, which are in every way supe- rior to those imported. They are made with great facility and in great quantities. To the screw manufactory is attached a cupola. Rock forges, 4 or 5 ms. from Bellefonte, capable of making about 600 tons of bar iron an- nually. To this establishment belongs a rolling mill for rolling boiler, nail, slit and sheet iron, and a nail manufactory, the whole the property of Gen. Ben- ner. Bellefonte forge, situate a half mile from Bellefonte,on Logan's branch of Spring creek, a new forge on the same stream a short distance above the preceding one-a rolling mill for rol- ling bar iron from the bloom, the whole capable of manufacturing of bar, bolt, boiler, nail and slit iron, annually 800 tons. Milesborough forge, situate one mile and a half from Bellefont, in the gap of Muncy mtn. on the waters of Spring creek, capable of making 400 tons annually. Connected with it, there are a rolling mill for rolling boiler, sheet, nail and slit iron, and a nail factory ; they are the property of Gen. Miles & Co. Eagle forge, 5 ms. from Bellefonte, on Bald Eagle creek, is capable of making 400 tons of bar iron annually. It is the property of
R. Curtin. Washington forge, at the furnace of the same name, will make 300 tons annually ; the property of Mr. Henderson. Harvey's forge, on Fishing creek about 20ms. from Belle- fonte, capable of making 400 tons of bar iron annually. These works em- ploy about 600 workmen, and maintain near 4000 persons.
There is a woollen manufactory at
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Boalsburg, one at Milesburg, and two||gation of the Bald Eagle creek into in Spring t-ship, and a cotton manu- the best order, when the canal shall have been completed. Much iron, however, is sent to the west for the supply of the towns on the Ohio. factory at Bellefonte. The usual mode of transportation is by the Bald Eagle creek, and the W. branch of the Sus- quehannah, and when the canal along There are Bible and Temperance societies in the county, and Sunday Schools, wherever the population is numerous enough to admit of their es- tablishment. the latter shall be extended to the mouth of the creek, the iron maufac- tures of this county will greatly in- crease, because it will then be enabled to compete with any in the state. The enterprizing manufacturers of the county are prepared to put the navi-
Improved lands sell at from 15 to 30 dollars the acre.
STATISTICAL TABLE OF CENTRE COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lgth. |Bth.
acres. Area in Face of country.
soil.
Population in 1810. | 1820. [1830.
Taxa- bleg.
Bald Eagle,
25
7
68,480
Mount.
1146
685
835
153
Boggs,
21
12
109,440
do.
847
1311
249
Ferguson,
14
11
46,080
do.
1066
1189
1755
287
*Gregg,
21
6
61,440
do.
1791
2350
1850
396
Howard,
21
10
78,720
do.
761
105
1291
237
Half Moon,
17
15
60,800
do.
561
713
994
172
Logan,
16
6
36,480
do.
431
603
101
Lamar,
11
51-2
26,880
do.
858
1567
306
Miles,
25
7
64,460
do.
1069
1188
1054
223
Potter,
11
10
53,760
do.
1584
1810
1872
372
Rush,
19
8
56,960
do.
173
410
81
Patton,
25
8
71,680
do.
297
483
577
106
Spring,
10
7
36,480 Div'fied.
1550
887
1307
284
Walker,
10
61-2
28,160
do.
553
694
1076
224
Bellefonte borough,
303
433
699
121
10,681| 13,796. 18,765| 3,618
* Gregg t-ship has been lately taken from Haines and Potter, but not having its precise boundaries we are unable to give the dimensions and area, and we give Haines and Potter as they stood before the change.
Centre, t-ship, Greene co. bounded || nessing creek, and on the W. by N. by Morris, E. by Franklin, S. by branches of Muddy and Slippery Rock creeks. The turnpike road from Butler to Mercer runs N. W. through it. Wayne, and W. by Aleppo and Rich- hill t-ships. Centrally distant from Waynesburg 5 ms .; greatest length 9; breadth 7 ms. ; area 26,800 acres ; surface, hilly; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1,020 ; taxables 185. The t-ship is drained by several forks of Ten Mile . creek and the main stream, on which is the post town of Clinton, 5 ms. W. from Waynesburg.
Centre, t-ship, Butler co. bounded N. by Slippery Rock and Parker t-ships, E. by Donegal t-ship, S. by Butler t-ship, and W. by Muddy Creek t-ship. Centrally distant from Butler borogh 7 ms. N. W. The t-ship forms a square of 8 ms. ; area 40,960 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 1322 ; taxables 241. The t-ship is drained on the S. by several branches of the Coneque-
Centre, a village on the bank of the Delaware r. in Solebury t-ship, Bucks co. about 34 ms. N. E. of Phila. and 10 from Doylestown, and 4 from New Hope. There is a bridge over the r. at this place, resting upon 7 stone piers, beside the abutments ; a sub- stantial structure, protected from the weather by a roof, but not profitable to the joint stock company which erec- ted it. The village contains 6 houses, a tavern and store.
Centre, t-ship, Indiana co. bounded N. by Washington t-ship, N. E. by Greene, S. E. by Wheatfield, S. W. by Blacklick, and N. W. by Arm- strong t-ships. Centrally distant from Indiana borough S. 5 miles ; greatest
Valleys, limestone; mount., slate.
do.
1564
306
Hains,
95
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length 10, breadth 8 ms. Area, 46, 720 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam, clay. Population in 1830, 1237; tax- ables 282. The t-ship is drained by Yellow creek, which, uniting with Twolick creek, flows S. to Blacklick creek. The borough of Indiana is partly in this t-ship.
Centre, t-ship, Union co. bounded N. by West Buffalo and Union t-ships, E. by Penn and Washington t-ships, S. by Perry t-ship, and W. by Beaver t-ship. Centrally distant from New Berlin S. W. 5 miles ; greatest length 8, breadth 8 miles ; area 30,080 acres; surface diversified ; soil, partly lime- stone. Pop. in 1830, 1952; taxables, 221. Jack's mountain is on the N. and Shade mountain on the S. bounda- ry; Penn's creek flows on the N. E. and the Little Mahonialy, or Middle creek, through the middle of the t-ship. Middleburg, a p-t. is on the latter, and the village of Centreville on the former stream. Valuation of taxable proper- ty by the census of 1829, $252,280.
Centre Square, p-o. Whitepaine t-ship, Montgomery co. 153 ms. N. E. from W. C., and 106 E. of Harris- burg, and 4 ms. E. from Morristown. There are here 2 dwellings, a tan- yard, a tavern and store.
Centreville, a p-t. of Wayne co. in Mount Pleasant t-ship, 12 ms. N. W. from Bethany, containing about 20 dwellings, 2 stores, 2 taverns, and a Presbyterian church. The p-o is called Mount Pleasant, 269 ms. from W. C., and 170 from Harrisburg.
Centreville, a small village in Pro- vidence t-ship, Luzerne co. on the Lackawannock river.
Centreville, a village, Buckingham t-ship, Bucks co. receives its names from its position in the t-ship. It is the converging point of 5 public roads, and contains 6 or 8 dwellings.
Centreville, village of Slippery Rock t-ship, Butler co. 14 ms. W. of Butler, on the Butler and Mercer turn- pike road, contains about 50 dwellings, 5 stores and 4 taverns. Chief part of the buildings are of brick. It is only a few years since this town was founded.
Centreville, E. Bethlehem t-ship, Washington co. on the national road, 18 ms. S. E. of the borough of Wash- ington, contains 40 dwellings, 4 stores, 2 taverns, and an Episcopalian church. Centreville, p-o. Crawford co. Oil Creek t-ship, 307 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 240 from Harrisburg.
Centreville, p-t. Centre t-ship, Union co. at the foot of Jack's mtn. on the right bank of Penn creek, about 4 ms. S. W. of New Berlin, contains from 15 to 20 dwellings, a Lutheran church, 2 stores and 2 taverns.
Centreville, village of Schuylkill co. on the E. branch of the Norwegian rail-road, in the coal fields of the N. American coal company, about 4 ms. from Pottsville. (See Pottsville, for description of rail-road.) The follow. ing description of the mine at this place is from the pen of the spirited editor of the Miner's Journal, at Pottsville.
"This drift was among the first that was opened, and worked upon the true scientific principles of the water level, and it now extends about fifteen hun- dred feet under ground. The coal is brought out in ton wagons, propelled by a horse, and there is likewise a ginn, which answers the purpose of a ventilator. The first sensations on entering the place, reconcilable only with Virgil's ' facilis decensus Averni,' are not at all pleasant. The waggish warnings of the workmen, who take a peculiar degree of pleasure in direct. ing visitors to hold down their heads, keep their fingers from the side of the wagon, &c. excite a cold sensation of fear ; but when the conductor's light is placed against the solid slate which is the boundary between the externals and infernals, agitation begins to give way to surprise. On the left is the in- terminable vein of coal, descending at its regular angular dip of forty-five de- grees, into the very centre of Symmes- onian existence, and there, for aught we know, worked for the benefit of unknown Cyclops. To the right, prop after prop in regular rows supports those portions of the slate where the coal has been excavated, and which
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must present no unapt resemblance of] ancient Herculaneum or Pompeii, now, when the ingenuity of man is making a signal conquest over the most ter- rific of nature's phenomena. After we are seated in the coal wagon, which is the vehicle for the convey- ance of the passengers into the mine, the horse is started, and we proceed in the most impenetrable darkness, ren- dered more gloomy by the single light which the conductor carries in his hand. After proceeding thus some hundred feet, and at intervals gaining a peep of day-light, from the air shafts on the right, we turn a slight bend, and the whole arcana of this interior world is developed to the astonished visiter. We cannot readily imagine a more awfully grand sight, or a feeling of more terrific grandeur, than when first the numerous lights burst upon us through the darkness. Fancy imme- diately revels in the youthful remem- brance of fierce and august genii, at their dark and midnight incantations, -of the famous grotto into which Peter Wilkins was trepanned, of the perilous adventures of Sinbab the Sailor, and all those " Bible truth stories" of children, in which we are delighted, and which even now carry their inestimable charm with them. When we have arrived at the breast on which the workmen are engaged, we leave the wagons and take foot- ing to the right, up the ascent of the slate. Here we can perceive the method by which the coal is most rea- dily excavated, as immense fragments are successively broken off, and tum- bled down to the conveyances by which they are drawn from the mine. We follow this path to the right, through a forest of props, and at last the blessing of daylight is again pre- sented to us, and gratefully indeed does it present itself. The visiter is then hoisted from the pit by the ginn, and once again stands on terra firma."
Ceres, t-ship, McKean co. bounded N. by the state of New-York, E. by Keating t-ship, S. by Ogden t-ship and W. by Warren co. Centrally distant
from Smithport, N. W. 16 ms .; great- est length 18, breadth 14 ms. ; area 160,280 acres ; surface rolling ; soil, gravel and loam. It is drained N. by Tunwangwant creek, and W. by Wil- low, Sugar, and Kenjua creeks. Pop. in 1830, 252. A road crosses it west- ward to Kenjua, in Warren co. and another northerly into the state of N. York.
Cerestown, p-t. of Keating t-ship, McKean co. on a tributary of the Al- legheny r. near the N. York line, 16 ms. N. E. of Smithport, 307 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 198 from Harrris- burg, contains a mill and some 4 or 5 dwellings.
Chambersburg, p-t. borough and st. jus. of Franklin co. is one of the most flourishing inland towns in the state. It is pleasantly situated at the conflu- ence of the Falling Spring and Cone- cocheague creeks, 143 ms. W. of Philadelphia, 77 N. W. of Baltimore, 90 N. W. of W. C. and 48 S. W. of Harrisburg. The site of its location was selected a century since, for its advantages of water power and soil, by Col. Benjamin Chambers, for his residence and settlement, in a wilder- ness, through which, at that time, roamed the red men and the animals of the forest. He erected a dwelling and the first mills in the county, and surrounded them by a fort, which shel- tered from the incursions of the sava- ges, his family and others who were induced to settle in his neighborhood. The town of Chambersburg was laid out in 1764; but increased little until after the peace of 1783, and the erec- tion of Franklin co. in 1784, since which, it has continued steadily to im- prove. It forms a t-ship which has the name of Franklin. It contains at present about 500 dwellings, general- ly of brick or stone, substantially, and many of them tastefully, built. The population in 1830 was 2794. Its public buildings are a brick court- house, and county offices, prison, 8 churches, an academy of brick, 3 sto- ries high, capable of accommodating many students, to which the state has
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given $2000; a neat banking house, for the accommodation of the " Cham- bersburg Bank," which is successfully conducted, with a capital of $247,228; and a masonic hall, a handsome struc. ture. It contains many stores, me- chanics' and manufacturing establish- ments, and houses of public entertain- ment. There are three weekly news- papers published here, two in the Eng- lish and one in the German language. The inhabitants are industrious, moral and religious, and not deficient in en- terprise. The water power now gives motion to 2 flour mills, having eaclı three pairs of stones ; 2 fulling mills, a paper mill, a cotton and woollen manu- factory, an oil mill, several carding machines and a manufactory of edge tools, carried on to a very great ex- tent, and making articles of superior quality, at a price lower than similar ones can be imported ; and in 1831 a large paper mill, for the fabrication of straw paper, was erected. The water power in, and within five miles of, the borough, is adequate to propel an hun- dred pairs of stones, and furnishes fa- cilities for manufacturing purposes, not surpassed in any part of the state ; surrounded by a healthy, fertile, and highly cultivated country. It has the advantage of a turnpike road by the way of Harrisburg to Philadelphia, another by the way of York, and like roads to Baltimore and Pittsburg. A rail road from Harrisburgh to Cham- bersburg is contemplated ; a survey and report has been made thereon, in 1829, by which it appears that the length of the line is nearly 56 miles, and the estimate of cost $7,673 33 per mile. A like report has been made on a road proposed through Get- tysburg to York ; but the engineer (Wm. R. Hopkins) deems that no ad- vantage which can be derived from the road will justify the expense of its construction.
Chanceford, Lower, p-t-ship, York co. bounded N. and N. W. by Upper Chanceford, E. by the Susquehannah r. S. by Peach Bottom and Fawn t- ships, and W. by Hopewell ; central-
ly distant from the borough of York 20 ms. ; area, 25,600 acres ; surface, broken and uneven ; soil, gravel and poor ; pop. in 1830, 1051; taxables, 216; taxable property in 1830, real estate $105,430 ; personal 8370 ; oc- cupations 13,715 ; total $162,905 ; rate 25 cts. in the $100. Muddy creek flows along the S. W. and S. bounda- ry to the Susquehannah river, receiv- ing from the t-ship Tom's creek and Orson's run. McCall's ferry crosses the Susquehannah about the middle of the eastern line. The post office, call- ed after the t-ship, is 90 ins. from W. C. and 49 from Harrisburg.
Chanceford, Upper, t-ship, York co. bounded N. by Windsor, N. E. by the Susquehannah r. S. E. by L. Chance- ford and S. W. by Hopewell t-ships ; centrally distant from the borough of York 15 ms. S. E .; greatest length and greatest breadth 9 miles; area 28,800 acres ; surface, broken and hil- ly ; soil, gravelly and poor; pop. in 1830, 1,177; taxables, 270 ; taxable property in 1829, real estate $136,841 ; personal, 12,349; occupations 13,715 ; total, $162,905 ; rate, 25 cents in the 100 dollars. Muddy creek flows on the S. W. and Beaver run on the N. E. and Otter run crosses the t-ship di- agonally from N. W. to S. E. The post office, called after the t-ship, is 94 ms. from W. C. and 40 from Har- risburg.
Chapman, t-ship, Lycoming county, bounded N. by Potter co. E. by Dun- stable t-ship, S. by Centre co. and W. by Clearfield and Mckean counties ; centrally distant from Williamsport 45 miles ; greatest length 30, breadth 22 miles ; area 189,240 acres; surface mountainous ; soil various. It is drain- ed by the W. branch of the Susque- hannah r. which flows along the S. boundary and through the S. E. angle of the t-ship ; by the Sinnemahoning and the cast branch of that stream ; by Kettle creek, and by many other minor streams which run into the riv- er from the north. The country is a wilderness, which has scarcely been explored, and has a few settlements
M
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sparsely strewed along the river and | other principal streams. Taxable property in the t-ship in 1829, seated lands $17,550; unseated, 79,765 ; personal estate $2350; rate of levy ¿ of one per cent.
Chapman's run, Covington t-ship, Luzerne co., a tributary of Spring brook, which rises near, and flows in a course of about five miles along the " Chestnut hill."
Chapman's lake, Greenfield t-ship, Luzerne co. is a sheet of water of an elliptical form, about a mile long and half a mile wide, within 2 miles of the S. E. boundary of the t-ship and near the W. side of the road from Wilkes- barre to Dundaff.
Chapman, t-ship, Union co. bounded N. by Penn t-ship, E. by the Susque- hannah r. S. by Mifflin co. and W. by Washington and Perry t-ships ; cen- trally distant S. E. of New Berlin 12 ms. ; greatest length 10}, breadth 4 miles ; area 17,920 acres; surface hilly ; soil, gravel and alluvion ; pop. in 1830, 1094; taxables 221. The W. Mahantango creek runs along the S. boundary to the river, receiving the E. branch from the west boundary. McKees' falls in the river are in this township.
Chartiers creek, a large stream of Washington and Allegheny counties, rises in Morris t-ship, of the former, and flows a N. N. E. course of 35 or 40 miles into the Ohio r. 5 miles above Pittsburg. It receives Little Char- tiers creek from Washington co. about 3 miles below Canonsburgh. From this point it is navigable at high wa- ter for boats going down stream.
Chartiers, t-ship, Washington co. bounded N. E. by Cecil, S. E. by Strabane, S. W. by Canton, and N. W. by Mount Pleasant t-ships; con- trally distant N. of the borough of Washington 6 miles ; greatest length 7, breadth 7 ms. ; area 15,360 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam ; coal, abun- dant. Chartiers creek flows on the S. boundary, receiving from the t-ship the north branch. The post town of Canonsburg lies in the fork of Char-
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