USA > Maine > Androscoggin County > History of Androscoggin County, Maine > Part 1
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1800
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BOSTON
LEWISTON CITY BUILDING, 1891.
HISTORY
OF
ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY,
MAINE.
(ILLUSTRATED.)
"Out of monuments, names, words, proverbs, traditions, records, fragments of stone, passages of books, and the like, we doe save and. recover somewhat from the deluge of time." ATY OF
0 PRIGHT
DIGRESS
JAN 26 1892 4404000 Wi-fi
. GEORGIA DREW MERRILL, EDITOR.
W. A. FERGUSSON & CO. BOSTON, MASS. 1891.
-
COPYRIGHT, 1891.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
JOURNAL PRESS, LEWISTON, ME.
F ROM innumerable sources of information,-many of them broken, frag- mentary, and imperfect,-from books, manuscripts, records, and private documents, we have gathered much of value respecting this valley of Androscoggin and its savage and civilized occupancy. In our labors we have endeavored to separate truth from error, fact from fiction, as they come down to us from the half-forgotten days in legend, tradition and the annals of the past.
We express our thanks to those who have willingly given of their time and labor to aid us; to those who have contributed the illustrations, thereby adding much to the value of this work; to those whose cheering words and earnest assistance have ever been at our service ; and to those whose courtesy has been extended to us during our sojourn in this most progressive of counties.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
. 17
THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN. - Territory - Organization - Towns Included - Name-Location and Area-Agriculture, Population, and Valuation-Manufactures and Wealth-Census Statistics-Financial Condition from Organization-State Tax, 1890 and 1891.
CHAPTER II.
. 22
GEOLOGY. - Rock Formations- Unstratified or Igneous Rocks- Stratified Rocks- Formations in Maine-Age of Ice-Glacial Drift-Lower and Upper Till-Champlain Period-Modified Drift-Surface Geology-Drift Period-Beach and Terrace Periods, etc .- Montalban or White Mountain Formation-Tourmalines and Associate Minerals- Pratt's Cave-Gneiss-Mica Schist-Saccharoid Azoic Limestone-Dunes, etc.
CHAPTER III.
. 32
.
.
THE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER .- Williamson's Description - Physical and Geological Features-Drainage District-Altitudes-Principal Tributaries in this County-Water- Powers.
CHAPTER IV.
44 ABORIGINAL TRIBES AND HISTORY .- (By J. G. Elder).
CHAPTER V. .
49
EARLY TITLES, OCCUPANCY, ETC .- The Cabots-Mary of Guilford-English Claims- Norumbega-Bartholomew Gosnold and Other Discoverers-Acadia-French Claims and Occupancy-Captain Weymouth-Grants by James I-North Virginia-Plymouth Company-Captain John Smith-New England-Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason-Province of Maine-Laconia-First English Settlements-Kennebec and Other Patents-Plymonth Council-The Twelve Grand Divisions-Resignation of Ply- mouth Patent-William Gorges-New Patent of Maine-Gorgeana-Settlement under Gorges-Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship.
CHAPTER VI. . 56
THE PEJEPSCOT CLAIM (By J. G. Elder) .- Thomas Purchase-Purchase and Way's Patent-Assignment to Governor Winthrop-Richard Wharton-The Six Indian Saga- mores' Deed-Pejepscot Proprietors-Definition of Territory.
CHAPTER VII. . 64
EARLY SETTLEMENTS .- Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley-After the Revo- lution-Population from 1780 to 1800-Commencement of the Nineteenth Century- Effects of the War of 1812-Severity of Climate-The Cold Year-Improvement in Con- dition-Changes and Progress in Agriculture-Development and Change-Manufact- uring.
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE BIRDS OF ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY .- (BY H. E. WALTER). . 69
CHAPTER IX.
. · . 94
MAIL ROUTES, RAILROADS, AND POST-OFFICES .- Early Mail Routes-Staging-Railroads- Post-offices and Postmasters.
CHAPTER X.
105
MILITARY AFFAIRS .- Maine Regiments in the Civil War-The Soldiers of Androscoggin County-The Grand Army Posts and Associate Bodies.
CHAPTER XI. 183
BATES COLLEGE .- (By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D.) .- Difficulties in Founding a College in New England. Raison d'etre: Denominational Need-Co-education-Indigent Students-Local Support-General Public. The Beginning of the College: The Maine State Seminary-Organization of the College-An Honored Name-Other Details-The Terms of Admission-First Faculty-College and Seminary Separated-The Latin School-Cobb Divinity School-Faculty-Courses of Study. Growth of the College-Storm and Stress- Relief-Benefactors and Benefactions-The Equipment of the College-The Gymnasium- The Libraries-The Cabinet-Instructors and Instruction-Characteristic Features: Co-edu- cation-Open Societies-Needy Students Helped-Forensics-Prizes-Outside Lectures- Morals and Religion-Interest of the Faculty in Students-The Alumni-Alumni Asso- ciations.
CHAPTER XII. 208
MASONIC AND ODD FELLOW SOCIETIES.
CHAPTER XIII.
281
The Press of Androscoggin-County Medical Association-The Grange-Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union.
CHAPTER XIV. 300
NATIONAL, STATE, AND COUNTY OFFICERS .- United States Senators-Representatives in Congress-State Officers-Representatives to the Massachusetts Legislature-Members of the Constitutional Convention of 1819-State Senators-Members of Maine Legislature- Clerks of Court-County Attorneys-Sheriffs-Judges of Probate-Registers of Probate- County Treasurers-County Commissioners-Registers of Deeds.
CHAPTER XV.
. 307
THE COURTS AND BENCH AND BAR .- The Courts-Supreme Judicial Court-Probate and Insolvent Courts-Court of County Commissioners-Auburn Municipal Court-Lew- iston Municipal Court-County Buildings-The Little Family-Bench and Bar.
CITIES AND TOWNS .- EASTERN DIVISION. LEWISTON .- (BY J. G. ELDER).
CHAPTER XVI.
THE TOWN. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc .- Conditions of . 343
Grant-Pioneer Settlers-Incorporation-Growth-Civil List.
vii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVII.
357
Ecclesiastical History-Church Organizations-Schools.
CHAPTER XVIII. . 382
Saw and Grist Mills-Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co .- R. C. Pingree & Co .- Read, Small & Co .- Barker's Mills-Other Mills-Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co .- The First Cotton Mill-Lewiston Water-Power Co .- Franklin Co .- Lincoln Mill-Bates Manufact- uring Company-Hill Manufacturing Co .- Androscoggin Mill-Continental Mills-The Lewiston Mill-Avon Mill-Lewiston Bleachery-Cowan Woolen Co .- Cumberland Mill- Union Water-Power Co .- Lewiston Machine Co. - Gay-Woodman Co. - Jordan, Frost & Co .- Lewiston Bobbin Shop-H. H. Dickey & Son-Lewiston Monumental Works-Other Manufactures.
CHAPTER XIX. . 395
Railroads-County and State Agricultural Societies-Fire Department-Lewiston Gas Light Co .- Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association-Lewiston City Buildings- City Park-Soldiers' Monument-Lewiston Water Works-Lewiston & Auburn Horse Rail- road -- First National Bank-Manufacturers National Bank-Androscoggin County Savings Bank-People's Savings Bank-Board of Trade-Central Maine General Hospital-French Hospital-Y. M. C. A .- Nealey Rifles-Frye Light Guards-Associations.
CHAPTER
406
Physicians-Merchants-Business Interests-Personal Sketches-Resumé.
LISBON .- (BY ASA P. MOORE, EsQ.).
CHAPTER XXI. 433
Early Boundaries-Petitions-Town of Bowdoin-Incorporation of Thompsonborough -- Situation, Limits, and Formation-Surface and Soil-Description-Old Houses-Education- Occupation of First Settlers - Early History - Other Settlers and Descendants- Early Mills - War of 1812- Physicians - First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough - School Districts - Extracts from Town Records-Action in the Civil War-Civil List.
CHAPTER XXII. 450
Religions Societies-Free Baptists-Congregationalists-Universalists-Methodists-Bap- tist Church of Lisbon Falls-The Roman Catholic Church.
CHAPTER XXIII. . 456
Lisbon Business Interests-Traders, etc .- Farwell's Cotton Mills-The Farnsworth Co .- New England Mineral Paint Co .- Personal Sketches-LISBON FALLS-Worumbo Mann- facturing Co .- The Androscoggin Water-Power Co .- Lisbon Falls Fibre Co .- Lisbon Falls Cooperative Association-Lisbon Falls Creamery Association-Merchants, etc .- Personal Sketches.
WEBSTER.
CHAPTER XXIV. . 468
Incorporation-Elevations, Ponds, and Streams-Grants, Surveys, and Soil-Settlers- Early Roads-Some First Things-Early Values-First Magistrates-Lawyers-Physicians- Other Settlers and Descendants-First Town Meeting and Excerpts from Town Records- Webster in the Civil War-Civil List.
viii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXV.
· 477
Sabattus-Saw and Grist Mills -Niles's Mills - Webster Woolen Co. - Traders, etc. - Sabattus Cooperative Association-Webster Corner-Farmers-Churches-Schools.
WALES .- (BY JOHN C. FOGG, EsQ.).
CHAPTER XXVI. .
. 485
Organization-Surface and Soil-Settlements and Settlers-Churches-Schools-Mills and Manufactures-Civil List and Town Records-Action in the Rebellion.
GREENE.
CHAPTER XXVII. 499
Area -- Boundaries-Elevations-Ponds-Soil-Productions-The First Settlers-Petition for Incorporation-Remonstrance Against Incorporation-Incorporation-Development of Business-Early Conveyances-Valuation and Residents in 1818-Lots and Occupants in 1820-Gleanings from Town Records-Early Action Concerning Schools.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
51I
Settlers and Descendants.
CHAPTER XXIX. . 529
Baptist Church-First Meeting-House-First Church Bell-Universalism-Free Baptist Church -Methodists-Adventists-Schools and Teachers-Temperance-Revolution-War of 1812-Madawaska War-Rebellion-Centennial-Longevity-Burying Grounds-Physi- cians-Orcharding and Orchardists-Merchants-Some Smart Things Done by Greene Men- Natives of Greene Attaining Prominence-Civil List.
LEEDS.
CHAPTER XXX. 550
Boundaries-Formation-Surface and Soil-Dead River-Its Peculiarities-Indian Vil- lage-Thomas and Roger Stinchfield-Early Settlers-Heads of Families in the First Part of this Century-Character of the Early Settlers-Soldiers of the Revolutionary War and War of 1812-Early Roads.
CHAPTER XXXI.
. 557
Excerpts from Town Records-First Town Meeting-First Officers-Action in the Civil War-Civil List.
CHAPTER XXXII. 562
The First Baptist Church - Universalism - Methodism-The First Freewill Baptist Church-The Quakers-Schools-Temperance-Mills-Other Industries-Sketches.
EAST LIVERMORE .- (BY CYRUS KNAPP, ESQ.).
CHAPTER XXXIII. 584
Incorporation-Topography-Livermore Falls - Early Mills-Freshet-Early Business Places and Residences-Advent of the Railroad-Hotels and Stores-Dr Millett and Lawyer Knapp-Toll Bridge- Railroad Extension-Mills and Manufacturing -Churches- I. O. G. T .- Camp-Ground-Physicians-Lawyers-Civil List-Personal Sketches.
ix
CONTENTS.
CITIES AND TOWNS .- WESTERN DIVISION.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
AUBURN. 599
Auburn-Indian Occupancy-Territory-Title-Surface-Soil-Early Settlers and Lots - Incorporation-Action and Growth-Goff's Corner-Early Settlements-Stores and Trad- ers-The Carpet Factory-First Teacher-First Hotel-Increase in Values-Business Houses in 1851-Formation of Androscoggin County-The Great Fire-Auburn Village Corporation- Auburn Village in 1859-East Auburn-West Auburn-North Auburn-Stevens Mills-New Auburn.
CHAPTER XXXV. 611
CITY OF AUBURN .- Its Growth and Prosperity-Extracts from Official Reports, etc .- Statistics-Action in the Rebellion-Civil List.
CHAPTER XXXVI. 627
Early Shoe Manufacturing-Progress from 1860 to 1870-Manufacturers Twenty Years Ago-Statistics from 1871 to 1881-Manufacturers Ten Years Ago-From 1881 to 1891-Shoe and Other Manufactories, January, 1891-The Shoe Companies-Other Manufacturing- Minor Industries, etc.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
. 642
Auburn Bank-First National Bank-Auburn Savings Bank-National Shoe and Leather Bank-Mechanics Savings Bank-American Banking and Trust Co .- Auburn Trust Co .- Municipal Court-Board of Trade-Maine Benefit Association-Auburn Loan and Building Association-Androscoggin Land Association-Lake Aubarn Fish Protective Association- Auburn Aqueduct Co .- Little Androscoggin Water-Power Co .- Lewiston and Auburn Electric Light Co .- Physicians-Leading Traders-Merchants and Business Men-Organ- izations.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 657
Universalist Churches-Congregational Churches- Baptist Churches - Free Baptist Church-Methodist Episcopal Churches-Episcopal Church-Y. M. C. A .- Schools-Ladies' Charitable Society-Auburn Art Club-Associated Charities-Public Library.
DANVILLE .- (BY GEORGE THOMAS LITTLE).
CHAPTER XXXIX.
. 691
Municipal Affairs-Civil List-Settlement and Social Life, etc .- Matters Ecclesiastical.
CHAPTER XL.
703
Educational History and Lewiston Falls Academy-Biographical.
POLAND.
CHAPTER XLI. 716
BAKERSTOWN .- Grant of-First Location-Origin of Name-Proprietors of-" A Town- ship Lost"-The New Grant-First Division of Lots-Action of Proprietors-Settlers and Improvements in 1783-Petition of Settlers, 1785- Bridgham & Glover Purchase -Liti- gation-Final Settlement and A vard to Little.
X
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XLII.
725
Incorporation-Surface and Soil-Early Settlers-Hackett's Mills-Poland Corner-West Poland-Early Traders, etc .- Early Taverns-South Poland-Poland Spring-Mechanic Falls-Paper-Making-Poland Paper Company-Other Business Interests-Mechanic Falls Ledger-Physicians, etc.
CHAPTER XLIII. . 741
Congregational Churches-Universalist Church-Methodist Episcopal Church-Freewill Baptist Churches-Adventism-Shakers-Baptist Church-Gleanings from Town Records- Civil List.
MINOT.
CHAPTER XLIV.
757
Incorporation-Boundaries-Name-Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valuation- First Settler-Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants-Early and Other Settlers-Voters of 1800.
CHAPTER XLV. 768
Town Records, Happenings, etc .- Minot in the War-Civil List-Churches-Schools- Physicians.
CHAPTER XLVI. 779
Mechanic Falls- Minot Corner -- West Minot-Some of Minot's Principal Farmers from 1840.
DURHAM.
CHAPTER XLVII. 791
Derivation of Name-Boundaries-Surface and Soil-Royalsborough-First Plantation Meeting-Extracts from Plantation Records-Plantation Committees-Incorporation of Durham -- First Town Meeting-Extracts from Town Records -- War of 1812-Rebellion- Civil List.
CHAPTER XLVIII. . 796
Prominent Early and Other Settlers-Congregational Church -- First Free Baptist Church - Quakers-Methodist Episcopal Church- Baptist Church - Universalists - Tem- perance-Centennial-Growth and Prosperity-Hotels, Traders, etc.
TURNER.
CHAPTER XLIX. 806
Boundaries-Township Granted-Sylvester-Canada-Names of Proprietors-Descrip- tion-Attempts at Settlement-Pioneer and Other Settlers-Inhabitants in 1780-1790 -- 1800-Town Annals, etc.
CHAPTER L. 815
County Roads and Taverns-Industries, Traders, etc .- Turner Village-Turner Centre- North Turner-Keen's Mills-Chase's Mills-Bridges-Civi' List.
xi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER LI.
825
Ecclesiastical-Congregationalism -The Baptists- Universalism-Methodist Episcopal Church - Meeting-Houses - Schools-Temperance-Physicians - Lawyers -Centennial - Something About Some of the People.
LIVERMORE.
CHAPTER LII.
. 842
Situation-Soil-Incorporation-First Meeting and Names of Proprietors-Extracts from Proprietors' Records-Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers-Early Boundaries- What Paul Coffin Writes of the People-Other Settlers, etc.
CHAPTER LIII.
856
Excerpts from Town Records-Early Mills-Early Traders and Tradesmen-Livermore Village-North Livermore-Livermore Centre - Farmers - Revolutionary Soldiers-Early Militia-War of 1812-Civil War-Ecclesiastical-Physicians and Lawyers-Education- The Norlands-Washburn Memorial Library-Civil List.
APPENDIX-Knights of Pythias. 873
ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHIES.
Lewiston City Hall, 1891.
Frontispiece. PAGE
Hathorn Hall, .
183
Cobb Divinity School,
191
Hedge Laboratory, 200
Edward Little, Esq.,
310
Hon. Josiah Little,
313
Hon. Edward T. Little,
315
Hon. Nahnm Morrill, 320
Hon. W. W. Bolster,
322
Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., 327
Col. Franklin M. Drew, . 330
Hon. Albert R. Savage, 334
The First City Hall of Lewiston, 343
Hon. Alonzo Garcelon, A.M., M.D., 420
Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., A.M., LL.D., 422
Oren B. Cheney, D.D., 426
Hon. J. L. H. Cobb,
429
Cyrns I. Barker,
432
xii
CONTENTS.
Hon. William D. Pennell, . 432 b
HIon. Augustus Sprague,
544
Gen. Aaron S. Daggett, 546
Capt. Jabez Pratt, 548
IIon. Leavitt Lothrop,
576
Giddings Lane, 577
579
F. D. Millett, .
580
Isaiah B. Additon,
582
Albion Ricker Millett, M.D., 596
Residence of Charles L. Cushman, 599
Court Street Factory of Ara Cushman Co.,
634
Edward Little High School,
676
Ara Cushman, 684
Residence of Ara Cushman, 686
William W. Stetson, Ph.D., 688
Albert M. Penley, . . 690 a
Hon. Adna C. Denison, 754
Josiah 1. Bucknam,
788
SOMETHING ABOUT SOME OF THE PEOPLE.
PAGE
Hon. James Lowell,
415
Col. John M. Frye, 415
Maj. William R. Frye,
415
Edward P. Tobie,
416
Capt. Daniel Holland, 416
John Read, Esq.,
417
Hon. Jacob B. Ham,
417
Prof. Thomas H. Rich, A.M.,
418
Benj. E. Bates, 428
Archie Lee Talbot, . 432 c
Hon. Jesse Davis,
458
James Maxwell, 473
Samuel Simmons, 473
Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.D.,
518
Rev. Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D.,
520
Isaac Boothby, Jr.,
xiii
CONTENTS.
Hon. Elijah Barrell,
524
Alfred Pierce, M.D.,
525
The Howards, . 572
Rev. Samuel Boothby, 575
Capt. Ezekiel Treat,
597
Jacob H. Roak,
628
Rev. James Drummond,
664
Rev. A. S. Ladd,
672
James Goff,
679
Daniel Briggs,
679
John Dingley, .
680
Nathan Haskell,
681
Capt. Aaron Bird,
681
Col. Nathaniel L. Ingersoll,
681
David R. Loring,
682
Col. Thomas Littlefield,
683
Andrew Robinson Giddinge,
713
Capt. John Penley,
715
Hon. Josiah Dnnn,
727
Daniel W. True,
730
The Rickers,
735
Dr. Moses R. Pulsifer,
740
Rev. Zenas Thompson,
745
Luther Perkins,
756
Capt. Daniel Bucknam,
758
Samuel Verrill,
762
Capt. William Ladd,
763
Eliab Washburn,
764
Capt. Jacob Dwinal,
781
Gideon Bearce, 787
Jacob Leavitt, $808
Ichabod Bonney, 810
Benjamin Conant, . 812
Rev. Charles Turner,
825
Col. William Turner,
825
Rev. John Strickland,
826
Rev. William R. French, A.M., D.D., 830
Rev. Madison K. Mabry, 831
Ezekiel Bradford,
835
Major General Alden Blossom,
836
xiv
CONTENTS.
David Hale, 836
Hon. Eugene Hale,
836
Hon. Job Prince, 837
Hon. Rufus Prince, 837
Solon Chase, 838
Hon. Jesse Drew,
840
Deacon Elijah Livermore,
845
Lient. Samuel Benjamin,
845
Gen. David Learned,
847
The Monroe Brothers,
849
Hastings Strickland,
850
Nathaniel Perley,
852
The Washburns, 853
Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, . 868
Dr. Benjamin Bradford, 868
Hon. Timothy O. Howe,
869
HISTORY
OF
ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY,
MAINE.
CHAPTER I.
THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN.
Territory-Organization-Towns Included -Name-Location and Area-Agriculture, Population, and Valuation - Manufactures and Wealth -Census Statistics - Financial Con- dition from Organization -State Tax, 1890 and 1891.
HE territory of Androscoggin county was comprised first in York county. Cumberland and Lincoln counties were formed June 19, 1760, the boundary between them being the Androscoggin river " north of where it enters the county as now bounded on the south." Kennebec county was organized from the northern part of Lincoln, February 20, 1799, with East Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales in its limits. Oxford county was created March 4, 1805, from the northern part of Cumberland and York, and Livermore and Turner were incorporated with it. When Androscoggin county was organized, March 18, 1854, it acquired its territory from Cumberland, Kennebec, Oxford, and Lincoln counties. Auburn, Danville, Durham, Minot, and Poland were taken from Cumberland; East Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales from Kennebec; Lewiston, Lisbon, and Webster from Lincoln ; Livermore and Turner from Oxford. Many of these towns have had a cor- porate existence for years, some of them antedating the Revolution. The name of the principal river of the county was appropriately given to the new organization.1
1 Androscoggin, according to one authority, comes from the Algonquin Am-a-ra-skah-gin, the turbid foaming, crooked nake. This later became Amerascoggin, Amoscoggin, and Androscoggin. Captain John Smith in 161.called the river Aumouchawgan. Another authority derives Amoscoggin
18
HISTORY OF ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY.
Androscoggin county lies between 43° 50' and 44° 30' north latitude, and 69° 45' and 70° 30' longitude west of Greenwich. It is irregular in form, has its greatest length from north to south, and occupies an area of about four hundred square miles. The Androscoggin river flows through the county in a southerly direction, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and with its tributaries affords magnificent water-power for manufacturing purposes. Originally the surface of the county was covered with a mighty growth of pine and other valuable timber, and lumbering was the principal employment. As the forests disappeared agriculture became the business of the people, and, as the soil was unsurpassed in the southern half of the state, prosperity attended their labors. The development of the water-powers and the attrac- tion of capital to manufacturing enterprises has caused an outlay of millions of dollars in these industries in the last forty years, and many more people and much more capital is employed in manufactures than in all other branches of business. In consequence of this development the growth has been rapid. In 1860 the county had 29,715 inhabitants ; in 1870, 35,826 ; in 1880, 44,967 ; in 1890, 48,968.
Population and Valuation by Towns .- 1850. Auburn, population, 2,840 ; valuation, $400,605. Danville, 1,636; $308,715. Durham, 1,894; $376,358. East Livermore, 892; $150,035. Greene, 1,347; $220,984. Leeds, 1,652; $225,330. Lewiston, 3.854; $580,420. Lisbon, 1,494; $263,167. Livermore, 1,764; 8271,634. Minot, 1.734 : $297,184. Poland, 2,660; $333,108. Wales, 612; $111,632. Webster, 1,110: $194,439. Total population, 25,746; valua- tion, $4,152,503.
1860. Auburn, 5,344; $1,224,070. Durham, 1,620: $459,376. East Livermore, 1,029: $301.702. Greene, 1,224; $338,402. Lewiston, 7,424; $2,426,374. Lisbon, 1,376; $404,016. Leeds, 1,390; $333,035. Livermore, 1,597 ; $430,779. Minot, 1.799; $546,581. Poland, 2,746; $517,671. Turner, 2,682: $748,218. Wales, 602; $188,642. Webster, 890; $312,015.
1870. Auburn, 6,169; $2,918,101. Durham, 1,350; $482,861. East Livermore, 1,004; 8388,680. Greene, 1,094; $439,629. Lewiston, 13,000; $8,813,629. Lisbon, 2,014: $741,092. Leeds, 1,288; $456,348. Livermore, 1,467 ; 8524,267. Minot, 1,569; $610,511. Poland, 2,436: $765,960. Turner, 2.380 : $815,684. Wales, 556: $229,359. Webster, 939: $406,434.
1880. Auburn, 9,555; $5,099,446. Durham, 1,253; $422,724. East Liver- more, 1,080; $344,092. Greene, 999; $394,260. Lewiston, 19,083; $9,521,103. Lisbon. 2,641 ; $1,115,760. Leeds, 1,194; $415.486. Livermore, 1,262: $430,- 709. Minot, 1,763 ; $720,549. Poland, 2,442; $920,057. Turner, 2,285; $748,856. Wales, 505; $198,578. Webster, 980; $445,353.
from namaes, fish; kank-skow-he-gan, spearing-fish spearing. Others stil hay Amoscoggin means "fish coming in the spring." The name of the river, Androscoggin, was fly applied wine And. gunticook Indians, whose headquarters at that time was in this valley.
-
19
THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN.
1890. Auburn, 11,250; $6,195,750. Durham, 1,111; $378,240. East Livermore, 1,506; $498,740. Greene, 885; $329,583. Leeds, 999; $331,006. Lewiston, 21,701 ; $12,144,494. Lisbon, 3,120 ; $1,636,411. Livermore, 1,151; $458,925. Minot, 1,355; $752,146. Poland, 2,472; $1,133,890. Turner, 2,016 ; $764,215. Wales, 488; $206,570. Webster, 914; $432,447.
The number of manufacturing establishments in 1880 was 253, having a capital of $12,009,562 and employing an average of 10,214 hands, and with an annual produet of $14,789,963, while the assessed valuation of the real estate of the county was but $17,265,353, which, with $3,511,620 valuation of personal property, makes the total valuation $20,776,973, not quite one and one-half times the annual output of the manufactories.
In 1880 Androscoggin county had 2,981 farms with 244,781 acres of land, of which 159,937 acres were improved, 69,900 acres in woodland and forest, and 14,934 acres were unimproved. The aggregate value of these farms was $6,119,332, including land, fences, and buildings ; of farming implements and machinery, $286,974; live stock, $703,680 ; estimated value of farm products, $1,207,634. These farms yielded, according to the census of 1880, 9,057 bushels of barley, 2,074 bushels of buckwheat, 79,778 bushels of Indian corn, 99,523 bushels of oats, 1,152 bushels of rye, 14,795 bushels of wheat, 245,696 bushels of potatoes, 65,297 pounds of wool, 4,529 pounds of hops, 9,091 bushels of beans, 50,574 tons of hay, 354,274 dozens of eggs, 3,368 pounds of honey, 519,163 gallons of milk, 776,062 pounds of butter, 149,069 pounds of cheese, and $95,188 in orchard products. The live stock numbered 4,236 horses, 1,869 working oxen, 8,733 milch cows, 5,907 other cattle, 13,160 sheep, and 5,191 swine.
The financial condition of the county, as given by the annual statement of the county treasurer, is here presented.
In 1854 the receipts were $5,782.50 ($2,000 a loan from Cumberland Bank). The expenses were $3,679.25. In 1855 $8,000 taxes were assessed on towns; licenses granted, $120; fines and costs collected, $554.60; jury fees, $126; lawyers' admission fees, $40. The bills allowed this year ineluded October term (1854), $187.25; April term (1855), $873.74; October term (1855), $3,348.75. The sheriff's bills were $502.25; jury fees, $2,443.31; con- stables' fees, $147. The county paid the loan of $2,000 made in 1854 and borrowed $3,227.75. 1856 .- Taxes assessed, $10,000; licenses granted, $100; county fines and costs, $274; fines by magistrates, $86.71; jury fees, $91; attorneys' admission, fees, $100. The county commissioners issued bonds of $80,000, bearing six per cent. interest, to cover cost of erecting the county buildings. 1857 .- Liabilities: Temporary loans, $7,121.61 ; allowances by the several courts unpaid, $2,951.46 ; balance due treasurer on settlement, $457.80; bonds sold, $87,300. Resources: Unpaid taxes, $4,923.31; unsold bonds,
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